[Objective] To analyse medication rule for depression,and explore the mechanism and treatment features.[Method] On the basis of dealing 235 formulae with net technical,make analysis on drugs type,use frequency,nature and compatibility.[Result] The drugs can be divided into disease(1)and sign(2)differentiation medications,most drugs of 2 are Qi--and Yang-notifying;the natures are mainly sweet,bitter and warm,belonging to 5 organs.Notifying Qi and Yang,soothing the nerves are the main therapy for depression.[Conclusion] Depression belongs to deficient cold disease,deficient Yang Qi;not being able to rise is the mechanism;notifying Qi and warming Yang is the key basis for it.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of artificial joint replacement in patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods18 patients with DM accepted the artificial joint replacement after fracture at the femoral neck.They were followed-up with the Harris hip score and radiographs for average 45.5 months(range 23～86 months).The fasting blood glucose(FBG) levels and other associated indexes were monitored during the periods after operation.ResultsAll the patients can walk freely except 3 elder patients that walk with the help of crutch.Radiographic studies showed that 13 cases were excellent,osteophytes appeared around acetabulum in 4 cases,among which 2 cases had the decrease in the hip joint space,and the subsidence appeared in other 2 cases but it was less than 2 mm.The mean of Harris hip score was(81.9±14.8).The body weight index and the level of PBG were negatively correlated with the outcomes of Harris hip score.ConclusionPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may accept artificial joint replacement well.It is very important to maintain the body weight and the level of PRG in a normal range after operation.

Objective To study the mRNA expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendregha glyeoprotein (MOG) in hippocampus of rats following global brain ischemia.Method The four- vessel occlusion animal model in the Sprague-Dawley rats was used in this study.The mRNA expression levels of MBP and MOG in the hippocampus of rats were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) at day 2,4,7,14 and 28 days after global brain ischemia.There were eight rats at each time-point and sham operated group.Results The mRNA expression of both MBP and MOG in hippocampus of rats decreased at 2 days after global brain ischemia.The gene expression of myelin gene decreased significantly at 7 days and it reached to the lowest level at 28 days.Compared with sham operated group,the gene expression of MBP and MOG in hippocampus of rats decreased significantly at 7,14 and 28 days after global brain ischemia (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1, NYGGF4) onpromotion of IR and HCC, and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Lentivirus were used to mediate the knockdown of PID1 in HFD induced IR mouse model as well as ob/ob mice. Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance were performed 4 weeks after lentivirus injection. Hydrodynamics-based transfection was applied to induce the liver specific overexpression of PID1. Flow cytometry was exerted to detect the proportion and function of immune cells.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of downstream pathways of PID1. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were conducted to identify proteins interacting with PID1.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)was operated to measure the modification of H3K4me3 of PID1 promoter.RESULTS PID1 restriction improved insulin resistance,hyperglycemia and fatty liver. Conversely, hepatic knockdown of PID1 attenuated liver xenografted tumor growth. Moreover,PID1 liver-specific protooncogenes via hydrodynamics-based transfection established a primary hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model,induced an immunosuppressive environment,with the reduction of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cells,retarded maturation of dendritic cells(DCs),pronounced differentiation of regulatory T cells(Tregs),and recruitment of MDSC.In addition,PID1 overexpression activated prolifer-ation related genes, promoted anti-inflammatory genes, suppressed pro-inflammatory genes, induced glycolysis and lipid metabolism genes to facilitate tumorigenesis in liver. Importantly, PID1 exerted its tumor-promoting function through binding to epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and activation of downstream KRAS/ERK pathway.As such,PID1 exist trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4(H3K4me3) modification and IR up-regulated the expression of PID1 by activation the H3K4me3 modification. CONCLUSION PID1 is a new gene that exerts both liver cancer-promoting and insulin resistance inducing function.IR accelerates liver cancer development and progression partially dependent on the activation of PID1.

To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of echinacoside-containing serum on the osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated by the whole bone marrow adherence method. The 3rd generation of cells were divided into 3 groups: the blank control group, the classic osteogenic-induced group and the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group. The expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were detected by ELISA. The ex- pression of ZHX, protein was detected by Western blot technique. RT-PCR technique was used to detect the expression of ZHX₃mRNA. According to the result, the expressions of the alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the classic osteogenic-induced group and the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group were significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P <0. 01). And expressions of the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin in the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group were significantly higher than that in the classic osteogenic-induced group (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the classic osteogenic-induced group and the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group showed obviously higher ZHX₃ protain and mRNA expression than that of the black control group, with significant differences (P < 0.01); the 10% echinacoside-containing serum group showed obviously higher ZHX₃ protain and mRNA expression than that of the classic osteogenic-induced group, with a significant difference (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 10% echinacoside-containing serum can promote the differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro. Its mechanism may be correlated with the increase in the ZHX₃expression.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Glycosides ; blood ; pharmacology ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; chemistry ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese culture, absorbing the wisdom of the Chinese people. Continuous application of new technologies makes traditional Chinese medicine research advance with the times. After several years of development, high-throughput transcriptome study has become a mature research tool in biology. This paper reviewed the advances in medicine transcriptome study, and compared two sequencing platforms, Roche's GS FLX platform and Illumina's HiSeq 2000 platform. Moreover, this paper introduced medicine transcriptome analysis process, with Panax quinquefolius and Lonicera japonica for examples, showing the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine transcriptome studies. High-throughput transcriptome studies facilitate traditional Chinese medicine research with overall understand of functional genes, give clear elucidation of metabolic pathways, lay molecular foundation for the traditional Chinese medicine research and offer modern interpretation for traditional Chinese medicine theory. However, the current study faces several difficulties, including weak molecular basis, high sequencing cost and staff shortages in data anaysis. In the future, with the development in sequencing technology, the combination of transcriptome and other genomics, such as proteome and metabolome, will lay a solid foundation for the new high-throughput screening and developing model for the traditional Chinese medicine industry.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; Forecasting ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Lonicera ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Panax ; genetics ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Transcriptome ; genetics

Objective Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5),a member of the histone arginine methylation transferase family,is involved in a wide range of biological regulation through ei-ther epigenetic or posttranslational methylation modifications. The pur-pose of the present study was to investigate the effects of PRMT5 on cell proliferation of ovarian cancer cell HO8910. Methods Cell lines HO8910 with PRMT5 overexpression were obtained by transi-ent transfection,which were divided into three groups in the experiment: blank control group (wild-type cell line HO8910),negative control group (HO8910 cells were transfected with pCMV-myc plasmid),and experimental group (HO8910 cells were transfected with pCMV-myc-PRMT5 plasmid). Western blot was used to detect the expression of myc protein,and qRT-PCR was used to detect the ex-pression of PRMT5 mRNA. Cell lines HO8910 with inducible stable knockdown of PRMT5 were established by shRNA interference method,which were divided into four groups: pLKO control group (infected by empty vector lentivirus),pLKO+Dox (100ng/mL) group,shPRMT5 group (infected by PRMT5shRNA lentivirus) and shPRMT5+Dox (100 ng/mL) group. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of PRMT5 protein and mRNA levels. Dox-induced PRMT5 knockdown was detected by increasing Dox concentration,which includes four groups,Dox 0ng/mL group,Dox 1ng/mL group,Dox 10ng/mL group,Dox 100ng/mL group,and each group was treated for 48 hours. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the PRMT5 protein and mRNA expression. Colony formation assay,EdU assay,and CCK-8 assay were used to test cells proliferation. The experiment was conducted in two large groups each with two subgroups: PRMT5 knockdown group (Dox-group,Dox+ group),PRMT5 overexpression group (pCMV-myc group,pCMV-myc-PRMT5 group). Western blot was used to detect the effects of PRMT5 expression on proliferation-related proteins. The experiment was conducted in two large groups,PRMT5 knockdown group with four subgroups : Dox 0ng/mL group,Dox 1ng/mL group,Dox 10ng/mL group and Dox 100ng/mL group,and PRMT5 overexpression group with two subgroups (pCMV-myc group and pCMV-myc-PRMT5 group). Results Western blot results showed that the expression of myc was detected in the experimental group in which HO8910 cells were transfected with pCMV-myc-PRMT5,and the expression of PRMT5 mRNA was significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the blank control group and the negative control group (P<0.001) . Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that PRMT5 protein (0.32±0.25) and mRNA expression levels in shPRMT5+Dox group were significantly lower than those of shPRMT5 group (0.89±0.18) (P<0.05). Western blot and qRT-PCR confirmed that PRMT5 protein (0.21±0.24) and mRNA expres-sion in Dox 10ng/mL group and Dox 100ng/mL group (0.08±0.15) were significantly downregulated compared to Dox 0ng/mL group (1.11±0.15) (P<0.05). Colony formation experiments,EdU experiments,and CCK-8 experiments confirmed that the proliferative ca-pacity of cells in Dox+group was lower than that of Dox-group in PRMT5 knockdown group(P<0.05); while in PRMT5 overexpression group,the proliferative capacity of pCMV-myc-PRMT5 group was significantly higher than that of the pCMV-myc group (P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the protein expression of Cyclin D1 was significantly lower in Dox 100 ng/mL group (0.17±0.06) than that in Dox 0 ng/mL group (1.18±0.18) (P<0.05) and the expression of P21 was significantly increased in PRMT5 knockdown group (P<0.05). In the PRMT5 overexpression group,the protein expression of Cyclin D1 in pCMV-myc-PRMT5 group (3.48± 0.22) was higher than that in pCMV-myc group (0.88±0.15) (P<0.05),while the protein expression of P21 (0.08±0.17) were significantly lower than that of pCMV-myc group (4.12±0.10) (P<0.05). Conclusion PRMT5 plays an important role in the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Down-regulation of PRMT5 can inhibit cell proliferation and up-regulation of PRMT5 can pro-mote cell proliferation.

Objective To evaluate whether 18F-fluorothymidine(FLT) can be used to monitor early response to irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods SW480 cells were cultured and irradiated with 0, 10, and 20 Gy.Twenty-four hours later, morphological changes, apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation,and cell cycle phases were observed.Uptake of 18F-FLT was measured in these tumors in vitro from 24 h to 72 h after irradiation.The one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.Results Apoptotic and necrotic cells were detected 24 h after radiotherapy.SW480 cells proliferation was significantly delayed after irradiation in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTI) assay.Cell cycle analysis showed that SW480 cells had a decreased fraction of cells in S phase( from 33.23% to 9.24%,then to 5.43% ) and an arrested fraction in G0-G1.After SW480 cells were cultured for60 min, the uptake of 18F-FLT was (5.21 ± 1.60) %; and 24 h after irradiation of 10 Gy, the uptake decreased significantly to (4.27±0.48)% (F=8.253, P=0.009).And 72 h after irradiation, the uptake further decreased significantly to (3.39 ± 0.59) % ( F = 36.715, P＜0.001 ).In tumor tissue, the uptake of 18F-FLT reduced significantly 72 h after radiotherapy (10 Gy:F = 12.388, P = 0.007; 20 Gy:F = 16.744, P = 0.004) and the attenuation degree increased with the radiation dose.Conclusion The uptake of 18F-FLT in SW480 cells or in CRC could reflect the changes of SW480 cells in proliferation, cell cycle re-distribution, cell apoptosis and necrosis.The results suggest that 18F-FLT may be used for monitoring early response to irradiation of CRC.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-fluorothymidine(FLT) PET in monitoring the metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods Human CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620 were cultured and implanted into nude mice to create CRC models. Tumor growth,metastatic status and survival were assessed in CRC bearing mice. Uptake of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 cells was detected In vitro at 0,30,60,90,120 min after incubation. PET images of both tracers were acquired for SW480 and SW620 tumor-bearing mice using the small animal PET at 60 min after tracer injection. Region of interest (ROI) was drawn using Image J software on reconstructed PET images. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis of the tumor tissue were performed. The correlation between tracer uptake and tumor marker expression was evaluated using linear regression. Results Compared with SW620 tumor-bearing mice,SW480 induced tumor grew much faster ( t = - 3.332,P = 0.004),the tumor-bearing mice had more serious dyscrasia ( t = 2.240,P = 0.038 ),shorter survival and higher metastatic rate. In vitro study,the uptake of both 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in SW620 cells was lower than that in SW480 cells. 18F-FLT uptake was higher than 18F-FDG uptake in both SW480 and SW620 cells. After incubation for 60 min,the uptake of 18F-FDG in SW480 and SW620 cells was ( 1.76 ± 0.87 )% and ( 1.14 ± 0.38 )%,respectively ( t = - 2.507,P = 0.021 ); while the uptake of 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 cells was (5.21 ± 1.60)% and (2.90 ± 1.82)%,respectively (t =3.497,P =0.002). In micro-PET study,the 18F-FDG radioactivity ratio of tumor to non-tumor (T/NT) in SW480 and SW620 tumors was 2.69 ± 0.98 and 3.09 ± 1.26 respectively (t =0.657,P =0.524); while T/NT of 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 tumors was 3.65 ±0.51 and 2.22 ±0.42 (t =6.491,P ＜0.001 ),respectively. In immunocytochemistry and western blot assay,heat shock protein(HSP) 27,Integrin β3,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR2 ) and Ki67 were all over expressed in two kinds of tumor cells with different intensities. HSP27 and Integrin β3 expression was higher in SW480 cells than that in SW620 cells. While VEGFR and Ki67 expression was lower in SW480 cells than that in SW620 cells. The uptake of 18F-FLT closely correlated with the expression of HSP27 ( r =0.924,P =0.004) and Integrin β3 (r=0.813,P =0.025). 18F-FDG uptake inversely correlated with the survival of tumor-bearing mice (r =0.500,P=0.017). Conclusions The uptake of 18F-FDGand 18F-FLT may reflect different biological characteritics of CRC. High 18F-FLT uptake in CRC on PET scan may predict high metastatic tendency.

OBJECTIVETo study and compare the accuracy and sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and CT scaning in determination of preoperative stage and vascular invasion by pancreatic and ampullary cancers.

METHODSFourty-two pancreatic cancer patients and 18 ampullary cancer patients were studied. With patients prepared according to conventional endoscopy, Olympus EUM-30 scope 1 set with a side view and 360 degrees rotate and switchable scanning probe [ultrasound frequency (7.5/12 MHz)], was introduced to the descending duodenum through the esophagus. Gas within the duodenum and stomach was aspirated. Then, in order to to facilitate ultrasound transmission, 200 ml deaerated water was injected into the duodenum and 500 ml into the stomach to distend it. The structures of each part of pancreatic head and ampullary together with surrounding vessels were scanned. Then, the scope was withdrawn to the gastric antrum, body and fundus gradually, while the pancreatic body and tail were scanned.

RESULTSBetween Apr. 1996 to May 2004, a total of 42 pancreatic cancer patients and 18 ampullary cancer patients were examined by EUS. Meanwhile, all these 58 patients received preoperative CT scaning. The results of stage and vascular invasion determined by EUS in this series were as following; pancreatic cancer group (n = 42): accuracy in T2-4 stage was 100.0% (5/5), 75.0% (9/12) and 48.0% (12/25), respectively; ampullary cancer group (n = 18): T1-4 stage was 75.0% (3/4), 66.7% (2/3), 75.0% (6/8) and 33.3% (1/3), respectively; the accuracy in N stage: P-group: 80.0% in N1 (4/5), 90.0% in N0 (9/10); A-group: 50.0% in N1 (3/6), 91.0% in N0 (10/11). The sensitivity, specificity of vascular invasion, resectability and unresectablilty determined by EUS and CT as compared with surgical findings during operation was 52.9% (9/17), 93.1% (27/29), 77.1% (27/35) and 81.8% (9/11) for EUS (n = 60), respectively; and 11.8% (2/17), 92.6% (25/27), 62.5% (25/40) and 50.0% (2/4) for CT (n = 58), respectively.

CONCLUSIONEndoscopic ultrosonography being one of the best image examinations to determine the stage and vascular invasion for pancreatic and ampullary cancer paitients is able to detect small pancreatic or ampullary cancer less than 2.0 cm in diameter due to its high resolution; but can not detect the secondary multiple distal metastases such as spread into the liver, peritonium or hepatoduodenal ligament, etc. due to its ultrasound depth limitation.

Ampulla of Vater ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mesenteric Veins ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreas ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Portal Vein ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Preoperative Care ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology