Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Uvula ; surgery

Medical professionalism is an important part of competencies which physicians are acquired to own.Team of physician's competency model construction and education revolution project concluded the current situation and theoretical cognition of physician's professionalism of experts from medical education and administration organizations in China according to the results of the first round of Delphi.Meanwhile,suggestions for the further improvement of physician's professionalism were pro

Adult ; Aged ; Amides ; administration & dosage ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To compare the cardiac function parameters in gated SPECT determined by filtered back projection (FBP) and OSEM reconstruction methods. Methods One hundred and forty-four patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI gated-SPECT imaging studies. The parameters LVEF, EDV and ESV, were derived using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS), four-dimensional model SPECT (4D-MSPECT) and emory cardiac toolbox (ECToolbox) softwares. Each image was reconstructed by FBP or OSEM. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test were applied to evaluate those parameters. Results Correlation coefficients for LVEF, EDV and ESV between FBP and OSEM methods were all more than 0.93 (all P<0.001). EDV calculated by FBP was lower than that by OSEM using QGS software, but became the opposite when using 4D-MSPECT and ECToolbox softwares. (QGS: (82.2±39.1) ml vs (83.5±40.8) ml, t=-2.53, P<0.05; 4D-MSPECT: (93.5±46.9) ml vs (88.8±45.2) ml, t=5.95, P<0.01; ECToolbox: (106.4±51.1) ml vs (100.8±49.0) ml, t=3.99, P<0.01). ESV calculated by FBP was higher than that by OSEM using 4D-MSPECT software (4D-MSPECT:(37.5±41.4) ml vs (34.8±37.6) ml, t=3.92, P<0.01). LVEF calculated by FBP was lower than that by OSEM using QGS software ((62.1±16.9)% vs (63.1±16.1)%, t=-3.14, P<0.05), but higher than that by OSEM using ECToolbox software ((74.1±18.8)% vs (71.3±17.1)%, t=5.28, P<0.01). Conclusion Generally, cardiac functional parameters based on FBP and OSEM construction methods correlated well, although they might have singnificantly different results.

Objective To discuss the pathological classification and lesion's inner imaging features of lung adenocarcinoma presented as pure ground-glass opacity.Methods CT imaging features of 156 pGGO lesions which confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed in retrospectively.There were 58 lesions of pre-invasive (including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ),32 lesions of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and 66 lesions of invasive adenocarcinoma.CT features were analyzed including lesion density,vacuole sign,air bronchogram and abnormal vascular changes (vascular dilatation,distortion or rigid).Results There were statistical difference in lesions density and abnormal vascular changes in 3 different pathological types (P ＜ 0.05),with increase of lesions invasive,the incidence of uneven density and abnormal vascular changes increase,its mean the more invasive of the lesion,the lesion tent to be more uneven and higher incidence of the dilation,twist or rigid of the vascular happened;while the incidence of the air bronchogram will be higher when the lesions invasive degree increased,but there was statistical difference only between the pre-invasive and invasive groups (including minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma) (x2 =4.868,P =0.027).Conclusions The uneven density and abnormal vascular changes had certain value in differential diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma presented as pGGO.

Commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires efficient fermenting strains. The abilities of the strain to converting all types of sugars in the hydrolysate to ethanol in high yield and to effectively tolerating/metabolizing inhibitors are necessary. Genome shuffling is a novel method for breeding, and it has been applied in pharmaceutical and food industry. This review summarized the technique of genome shuffling including principle, process, applications and its prospect for strains improvement in ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

Objective To analyze psychological stress level and features of recruits in training camp.Methods Psychological stress self-evaluation test (PSET) was applied to 1 600 recruits in training camp.Results ①There were 64 recruits(64/1600,4％) who had high level of psychological stress(T score ≥70).②The psychological stress symptoms of recruits in training camp mainly manifested as increased alertness (87.7％),sleep deprivation (57.6％),mental and physical fatigue (48.7％) and nervous irritability (45.2％).③Psychological stress levels of recruits with different ages and different levels of self-feeling in camp had significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Recruits in training camp have partly excessive psychological stress responses,targeted emergency decompression trainings should be carried out in recruits.

Objective To investigate the value ofin vivo proton MR spectroscopy(1H-MRS)in the assessment of large focal hepatic tumors.Methods Fifty-three consecutive patients with 54 large(no less than 4 cm in dimneter)hepatic tumors and 19 normal volunteers were:included in this study.MRS of the 25 HCC confirmed by pathological examination,the choline-to-lipid mtios(Cho/Lip)were measured by dividing the peak area of choline at 3.2 ppm and lipid at 1.3 ppm.Differences in the ratios of normal liver,benign tumors and HCC were analyzed by Dunnett-t test.The sensitivity and specificity prof'des of 1H-MRS in the diagnosis of HCC were determined by plotting receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The mean Cho/Lip ratios for normal liver(n=17),benign tumor(n=8),and HCC(n=25)were 0.07±0.04,0.11 ±0.06 and 0.55±0.17,respectively(F=6.58,P＜0.05).A significant statistical difference was found in the mean Cho/Lip ratios between HCC and benign liver tumors or normal liver(t=2.99,2.32;P＜0.05).But there wag no difference between benign hepatic tumors and norlnal liver(t=1.53,P＞0.05).The ROC curve showed proton MRS had moderate discriminating ability in diagnosing HCC.The area under the curve was 0.77. If 0.1 was chosen ns the cut-off value for diagnosing HCC with MRS,the sensitivity and specificity for HCC were 80.0%and 62.59b,respectively.Conclusion In vivo proton MRS is technically feasible for the evaluation of focal hepatic lesions,and may be useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HCC by providing metabolic ifformafion.

isointensity on arterial phase and hyperintensity on DWI. The combination of DWI and Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging may help to accurately diagnose HCCs.