The zebra fish model, as an integral animal model, features small volume, high throughput, low cost, short cycle and reliable experimental results, thus has been widely used in medical studies. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) constitute a complex system, their active ingredients and action mechanisms are among study hotspots in during the development of modern TCMs. Along with the constant improvement of advanced technologies and methods, zebra fishes have been increasingly applied in studies on TCMs and shown advantages in active screening, and toxicity and metabolism studies. In this paper, TCM studies by using zebra fishes in recent years are summarized to provide new ideas and methods for basic studies on TCMs.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Animal ; Zebrafish ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To study the inhibition effect of leech extract on HepG2 cells. Methods Human hepatocellular cancer cell line HepG2 were treated with different concentrations of leech extracts which were extracted by method of freeze-thawing with liquid nitrogen and contrasted with that by method of water extracting and ethanol precipitating. The inhibition effects and cell morphous were examined by MTT assay and Acridine orange (AO) fluorescent staining method respectively. Result The 6～15 mg/mL drug concentrations of leech extract by method of freeze-thawing with liquid nitrogen had an obvious inhibition on proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was better than that by method of water extracting and ethanol precipitating (P

Objective To study the survival, migration and distribution of allogeneic marrow stromal cells (MSCs) which were marked with fluorescence agent Hoechst 33342 in vitro and then transplanted into the mice with acute radiation injury, and to explore the hematopoietic reconstitution in allogeneic MSCs transplantation. Methods The bone marrow of murine femoral bone was washed out with DMEM, the cell suspension was gathered and centrifuged twice, and then the MSCs were cultured in vitro, marked with Hoechst 33342 at final concentration of 10?g/ml. 30 minutes later, the MSCs were gathered and transplanted into radiation injured mice via intravenous injection. Each mouse was injected with 2?105 MSCs. The distribution of marked MSCs was observed in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of radiation injured mice at time points of 1w, 2w and 3w after MSCs transplantation. Results After being marked with Hoechst 33342, the nuclei of MSCs were in bright blue color. All mice of MSCs-transplant-group survived until execution, but three mice of Non-MSCs-transplant-group died during three weeks. Only a few marked MSCs were found in heart, liver, lung and kidney in the frozen section at each time point, but a large number of marked MSCs were found on the surface of spleen, and colonies were formed two weeks after introduction of MSCs. Conclusions Transplanted MSCs can not only survive in the irradiation injured mice, but also specifically migrate to the injured site, to participate in the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after acute radiation injury.

Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory factors in acute lung injury (ALI) in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to explore the influence of different doses of LPS on ALI onset and progress at different time points. Methods Intratracheally, LPS at the dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg were administered to a total of 210 C57BL/6 mice, and according to the difference in dosage, they were divided into four groups. The ALI model was replicated by intratracheally dropping of LPS. And a normal control group and a normal saline control group were established (each, n=10). The changes of index of pathological lung tissue and lung tissue wet/dry (W/D) ratio were observed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours after injury, and simultaneously, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Results ①The degree of lung injury induced by LPS was dose-and time-dependent.②With the increase of LPS dosage and prolongation of time, in LPS group, the lung W/D ratio and the index of pathological lung tissue were increased;additionally, the levels of NE, TNF-α, IL-6 and protein in serum or BALF were also significantly increased. The critical occurrence point of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with specific characteristics was at 5.0 mg/kg of LPS acting for 4 hours [lung W/D ratio: 4.97±0.41, index of pathological changes of lung tissue (score): 5.60±1.52; serum NE (ng/L): 379.99±27.65, TNF-α (ng/L): 159.15±20.62, IL-6 (ng/L): 177.15±29.13;BALF NE (mg/kg):105.85±13.66, TNF-α(mg/kg):227.22±48.01, IL-6 (mg/kg):251.55±54.08, total protein (g/L):1.59±0.37]. The injury induced by LPS acting for 8 hours in the dosage group 10.0 mg/kg was the most significant in comparisons with other groups of dosages at the same time points [lung W/D ratio:5.10±0.18 vs. 5.01±0.43, 5.01±0.19, 4.91±0.30; index of pathological changes of lung tissue (score): 9.20±1.48 vs. 8.00±1.00, 6.00±1.22, 4.40±0.89;serum NE (ng/L): 447.43±34.63 vs. 419.23±30.62, 391.16±54.91, 372.59±51.52; TNF-α(ng/L): 205.99±31.31 vs. 181.01±25.11, 161.01±13.98, 138.83±28.95; IL-6 (ng/L): 233.76±34.84 vs. 206.21±26.68, 186.58±26.54, 156.99±28.83;BALF NE (mg/kg):190.82±41.75 vs. 153.30±35.42, 122.64±25.15, 80.23±13.69;TNF-α(mg/kg):305.24±72.99 vs. 292.77±38.07, 249.60±35.20, 193.63±10.83; IL-6 (mg/kg): 354.81±67.79 vs. 303.02±54.24, 272.43±32.34, 197.64±12.35;total protein (g/L):2.31±0.30 vs. 2.02±0.26, 1.62±0.19, 1.10±0.24, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. Conclusions The severity of ALI induced by LPS in mice was positively correlated to LPS dosage and duration of its action. After administration of LPS 5 mg/kg for 4 hours, remarkable characteristic manifestations of ARDS occur in mice, reaching the critical point.

Disaster Planning ; organization & administration ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Public Health ; methods

Objective To investigate the manifestations of cardiac involvement in the patients with mucopolysacharidosis Ⅰ (MPS Ⅰ).Methods The clinical data of 10 MPS Ⅰ patients were collected.Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (Echo) were performed in all patients and then analyzed.Results Among the ten patients,seven were men.The onset age of MPS was (0.5 ～ 8.0) years old and the age of diagnosis was (1.8 ～ 20.0) years old.Two patients had grade 2 precordial systolic murmur.ECG was abnormal in three patients with right ventricular hypertrophy in two and right axis deviation in another one.Echo showed valvular thickening and insufficiency in nine patients,enlarged left atrium and ventricle in one patient,hapulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in two patients and abnormal left ventricular configuration in five patients.Conclusions Cardiac involvement is common in MPS Ⅰ patients and may present as valvular thickening with regurgitation,abnormal left ventricular configuration and pulmonary hypertension.The cardiac involvement progresses with age.ECG and Echo should be done regularly during follow-up of MPS Ⅰ patients.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors for upper extremity lymphedema after breast cancer treatment and the strength of their associations.Methods PubMed,Ovid,EMbase,and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify clinical trials published up to December 2012.The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale;data analysis was performed by Stata 10.0 and RevMan 5.2;the strength of associations between risk factors and breast cancer-related upper extremity lymphedema was described as odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI).Results Twenty-two studies involving 10106 patients were included in the meta-analysis.The risk factors for upper extremity lymphedema after breast cancer treatment mainly included axillary lymph node dissection (OR =2.72,95％ CI=1.06-6.99,P=0.038),hypertension (OR=1.84,95％ CI=1.38-2.44,P=0.000),body mass index (OR =1.68,95％ CI=1.22-2.32,P =0.001),and radiotherapy (OR =1.65,95％ CI =1.20-2.25,P =0.002),while no significant associations were found for such factors as chemotherapy,age,number of positive lymph nodes,and number of dissected lymph nodes.Conclusions The incidence of upper extremity lymphedema is high among patients with breast cancer after treatment,and axillary lymph node dissection,hypertension,body mass index,and radiotherapy are the main risk factors for lymphedema after breast cancer treatment.

Objecitve To conclude the clinical manifestation of Fournier's gangrene (FG) and its emergency treatment.Methods From 2006 to 201 1,12 patient were involved in the study,all had received debridement,wide spectrum antibiotics and support therapy,the clinical manifestation,treatment choice and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results All patients were male with 67.7 year-old mean age.Initial lesions were all in scrotal skin,an average procedures of each patient was 3.5,mean hospitalization days was 29.7 days.Surgical wound was healed by left scrotal skin in all cases,2 cases with huge urethra defect were received perineostomy.Ten cases were survived with 57-months follow-up and mortality was 16.7％.Conclusions Fournier is one of emergency disease of Urology.Its mortality is still high.Intensive care and appropriate anti-biotic therapy combined with surgical treatment is the key of FG's management.

Objective To explore the different operation modes for treating native renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney.Method A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 cases of native renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney,including 14 cases receiving open surgery (open surgery),22 cases receiving laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower abdomen oblique incision (oblique incision group) and 12 cases receiving modified endoscope assisted Plunk technique (Plunk group).The operating time,amount of bleeding and blood transfusion during operation,recovery of intestinal function,time of indwelling drainage tube and wound suture,the total cost of hospitalization,the hospital stay and the incidence of complications were comparatively analyzed.Result The operating time in open group was shortest.Group of Pluck is better than other groups in the aspects of Time of wound suture and intestinal function time in shorter in Plunk group than the rest two group (P＜0.05),and amount of bleeding and incidence of complication in Plunk group were higher than oblique incision group (P＜0.05).The incidence of complications and amount of bleeding were decreased significantly as compared with the rest groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mode of the laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower abdomen oblique incision has the advantages of high security,minimal invasion and satisfactory treatment effect.It is especially suitable for treating native renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney.

Objective To explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of postoperative intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) with or without chemotherapy in rectal cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 218 patients with rectal cancer, who underwent postoperative IMRT in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2013. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate survival rate;the log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis;the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results The follow?up rate was 97. 7%. The 1?and 3?year overall survival rates were 90. 8% and 75. 2%, respectively, the 1?and 3?year disease?free survival rates were 85. 3% and 70. 5%, respectively, and the 1?and 3?year locoregional recurrence?free survival rates were 96. 7% and 88. 1%, respectively. The incidence of grade 3?4 acute adverse reactions was 28. 4%, mainly manifested as leukopenia ( 13. 8%) and diarrhea ( 11. 0%) . Univariate prognostic analysis showed that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) and CA199 levels, maximum tumor diameter, tumor location, degree of differentiation, depth of tumor invasion, number of lymph node metastases, TNM stage, perineural invasion, surgical procedure, total mesorectal excision, preoperative bowel obstruction, and preoperative anemia were the predictors of survival ( P=0. 006, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 017, 0. 000, 0. 016, 0. 000,0. 011,0. 001,0. 006,0. 037 and 0. 010) . Multivariate prognostic analysis showed that preoperative CEA level, tumor location, TNM stage, preoperative bowel obstruction, and preoperative anemia were the predictors of survival ( P=0. 000,0. 000,0. 000,0. 001 and 0. 001) . Conclusions Postoperative IMRT with or without chemotherapy is an effective method for rectal cancer with mild adverse reactions and high compliance. Preoperative CEA level, tumor position, TNM stage, preoperative bowel obstruction, and preoperative anemia are independent prognostic factors for the overall survival.