According to the concept of sagittal spinal balance, the alternating curves of cervical and lumbar lordosis and thoracic and sacral kyphosis enable the head to be positioned over the trunk and pelvis. But the sagittal imbalance represents departure from this ideal form. Cervical kyphosis may represent the most disabling of these imbalances, for it can cause pain, postural difficulties, or neurologic deficit. A summary and discussion is reviewed regarding the anatomy, biomechanics, etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory examination and treatment of this condition.

The application of fetal echocardiography in clinical is increasing , more and more patients need de-tailed consulting services .The following suggestions are made:Echocardiographic doctors should set up the consulting service consciousness , provide consulting with patience , popularity and carefulness; the doctors should understand the patients and their family′s emotions and also pay attention to the psychological care;environmental requirements for patients′echocardiographic examination and counseling service;encouraging multidisciplinary join the participa-tion of consulting services .

Chronic pain is a common clinical disease,which brings great burden to the patients.However,the pathogenesis underlying of chronic pain is complicated,which is affected by many factors,such as physiology,psychology and society.Therefore,the treatment of chronic pain has been a problem in clinical practice.Considering its complexity,a single way of treatment usually could not reach satisfactory results,so combination therapy is often used to treat chronic pain at present.The combination therapy includes pharmacological treatment,psychological approaches,interventional treatment,self management and so on.The treatment plans are distinct for different types of chronic pain,even the individual patients with the same kind of pain.The emergence of interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs shed light upon the treatment of chronic pain recent years.This paper reviewed the research on chronic pain treatment,in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo know urban-rural differences of reference factors for the identification of students from poor families in order to provide references for identifying index system.Methods Questionnaires were used among 708 students from poor families.ResultsThere were 78.9％ urban and 89.1％ rural families whose average earnings were lower than 410 RMB per month.The number of majority urban and rural family (58.8％,75.4％ ) was 4 - 6 ; 77.0％ ( 86.3％ ) urban and 97.3％ (97.9％) rural fathers' ( mothers' ) education levels were high school or below; 8.6％ ( 23.1％ ) urban and 82.3 ％ ( 85.1％ ) rural fathers ( mothers ) were farmers.The proportion of students having computers was 87.2％ (urban) and 7 1.9 ％ (rural) ; 54.9％ urban and 63.9％ rural students' life was not frugal; 85.2％ urban and 79.1％ rural students thought campus cards shouldn't be monitored.ConclusionsThere are significant urban-rural differences of reference factors for the idenffication and family residence is the key indicator which should have higher weights.

Two parental strains BY-14 and BY-6,with high leavening ability in lean and sweet dough respectively,were selected.Through spore production and separation,two haploids with opposition types were selected for cross-breeding.At last one hybridization strain was obtained,with good fermentation ability as BY-14 in lean dough and better than BY-6 by 25%in sweet dough.

AIM: To observe pathomorphological changes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the mouse with synthetic vascular dementia. METHODS: The synthetic vascular dementia model was produced in the mouse. Animals were killed 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d after the operation, brain tissues were removed and embedded in paraffin. Section of 8?m thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Nissl methods, and observed with light microscope. RESULTS: The cerebral cortex in the mouse became thinner on the seventh day, karyopyknosis in partial nervous cells was formed, the number of local neurons was reduced, sieve structure was observed, and glial cells proliferated, with the similar results 15 d and 30 d after operation. Model mouses hippocampal cells in CA 1 area were reduced and almost disappeared 30 d after operation. At the same time, glial cells were abundantly proliferated, tubercles were formed. Cells in CA 2, CA 3 area were also reduced and hippocampal sclerosis occurred. CONCLUSION: Delayed necrosis of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be the pathological basis of ischemia cerebral vascular dementia.

Objective To observe the relationship of awake bispectral index (BISawake) and the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods 100 patients aged 60~75 years with ASA status Ⅰ~Ⅱ, underwent elective lower abdominal surgery with intravenous anesthesia (propofol, remifentanyl and rocuronium). The BIS was adjusted in 40~60 during the surgery. Their cognitive function was assessed with the neuropsychological test battery commended by International study of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (ISPOCD). Results 8 patients withdrew for unwilling or serious complications. The BISawake was more than 65 in 68 patients (group A), and less than 65 in 24 patients (group B). The difference of the verbal learning immediate and delayed of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised was more in the group B than in the group A. Conclusion Lower BISawake may be associated with the decline of postoperative cognitive function.

Objective To know the problems of reference factors,and then provide evidences for scientific and specific identifying index system for students from poor families.Methods Questionnaires were used among 719 students from poor families.Results There were 86.0％ families whose earnings were lower than 410 RMB per month.57.2％ families depended on agriculture.70.1％ students were from the rural areas.Family member number was 4～6 for the majority ( 70.7％ ).91.2％ ( 94.5％ ) fathers'( mothers' ) education levels were under high middle school.64.0％ ( 67.3％ )fathers ( mothers ) were farmers.The proportion of students having computers was 76.1％.61.2％ students' life was not frugal.There were 80.9％ students who thought campus cards shouldn't be monitored.Conclusion Family economic situation should be the key indicator.Most of the basic family information could be reference factors.Basic situation of students at school was inappropriate to be reference factors.

With the high incidence of diabetic nephropathy, the clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in diabetic nephropathy area play an important role in the development of this subject. Therefore, follow-ing the principles of medical ethics, issues of fully understanding professional requirements of ethics review for clinical research of diabetic nephropathy and the protection of patients' rights are questions which should be solved. This article was based on the investigations on ethical needs of experts and patients in diabetic nephropathy area of TCM clinical trials . Discussions and considerations were made on results . A the more per-fect and regulated medical informed consent formwork for diabetic nephropathy of TCM clinical trials was made based on these consultations .

Objective To study the expression of Rho kinase and its functional activation in lung tissue from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH) rat model,and the effects of fasudil on HPH.Methods Seventy-two male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,hypoxic model group,and fasudil-intervention group[group with hypoxia and fasudil for 15 mg/(kg?d)],respectively.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and right ventricle hypertrophy index(RVHI) were measured.Expression of Rho kinase mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively.The phosphorylation of binding subunit of myosin phosphatase(MBS)-a substrate of Rho kinase was detected by Western blot and defined,as the mark of functional activation of the kinase.Results The expression of Rho kinase mRNA in hypoxic model group was markedly upregulated even before the onset of the third day after the experiment(HPH),and it was much lower in rats of fasudil group than that of hypoxic model group.The phosphorylation of MBS was significantly higher in hypoxic model group than that in control group,and it was positively correlated with the mPAP and RVHI(all P