Objective To measure 95% effective doses (ED95) of propofol and etomidate by using up-down intravenous administration method, and compare the potency ratio and the anesthesia duration of them. Methods Twenty eight male SD rats were divided into two groups randomly: the propofol group and the etomidate group. Loss of righting reflex was regarded as the judgment index of unconsciousness. The dose-response curve was made according to the formula of Y=Ymin+(Ymax-Ymin)/ [1+10log(ED50-X)× m]. Values of ED95 of propofol and etomidate were calculated, and the anesthesia duration periods after administration of the two equivalent dose drugs were measured respectively. Results The values of ED95 were 9 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg for propofol and etomidate. The ED95 ratio for propofol and etomidate was 6. There was a significant difference in anesthesia duration between propofol group (465.6±18.5)s and etomidate group (233.7±9.3)s (P<0.05). Conclusion The anesthesia duration of propofol is longer than that of etomidate, taking the ED95 as equivalent dose.

Objective:To obtain mutA gene of Strepto c occus mutans (Ms),and to express it in E.coli DH5?.Methods: mutA gene was amplified by PCR with specific primers from genome of Ms CH43 strain. After sequencing, the gene segment was inserted into vector pProEX and expressed in E.coli DH5?.The protein expression was induced by ITPG an d the protein products were examined by 180 ml/L SDSPAGE electrophorosis. Results:The length of PCR product was 147 bp and was identical to mu tA gene reported by GenBank.The mutA gene product was expressed in E.col i DH5? with Mr of 5.7?10 3.The maximum mutA protein product amount (20% of the total bacterial protein) was obtained when the A 600 value of DH5? was 1.666,IPTG concerntration 1.0 mmol/L and induction time 6 h.Conclus ion:mutA of Ms CH43 can be cloned and expressed in E.coli DH 5?.

BacKground:RectaI carcinoid is a rareIy seen neuroendocrine tumor. TiII now,there is controversiaI for the treatment modaIities of rectaI carcinoids with diameter between 1-2 cm. Aims:To study the expression of Ki-67 in rectaI carcinoids and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection. Methods:A totaI of 83 rectaI carcinoid patients with tumor diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm were enroIIed. AII patients were pathoIogicaIIy diagnosed and underwent endoscopic mucosaI resection from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013 at Chongqing Three Gorges CentraI HospitaI and Wuhan Tongji HospitaI. The medicaI records were retrospectiveIy reviewed and expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results:AII patients underwent preoperative endoscopic uItrasonography. Tumors were Iimited to mucosa or submucosa, and no muscuIaris propria invoIvement or metastasis was seen. The mean foIIow-up duration was 38 months,and no recurrence or metastasis occurred. Ki-67 was IowIy expressed in aII rectaI carcinoids(0. 84% ± 0. 67%). When tumors were grouped by size,no significant differences in gender,age,tumor site and Ki-67 expression IeveI were seen between <1. 0 cm group and 1. 0-1. 5 cm group(P >0. 05). Furthermore,when tumors were grouped by a cutoff vaIue of mean Ki-67 index 0. 84%,differences in cIinicopathoIogicaI parameters between the two groups were not significant either( P >0. 05 ). Conclusions:Ki-67 is IowIy expressed in rectaI carcinoids Iess than 1. 5 cm in diameter enroIIed in this study,which denoted an inactive proIiferation. For rectaI carcinoids with diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm,with Iow Ki-67 expression and without muscuIaris propria invoIvement and metastasis, IocaI endoscopic excision is an effective and safe treatment modaIity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Niaodukang-enema liquid on chronic renal failure. Methods: 112 cases were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. The patients of treatment group were given oral Medicinal Charcoal Tablets and Niaodukang-enema liquid(120ml) for enema at high position,56 cases. The patients of contral group were given oral Medicinal Charcoal Tablets only, 56cases. The renal function was observed before and after treatment in both groups.Results :The distinct effective rates and total effective rates in treatment group were obviously better than that in contral group (P

AIM: To observe the dynamic changes of interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-10,IL-12 in rat serum and lung tissues during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: The ARDS model of rats was induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. The levels of IL-4 ,IL-10,IL-12 in serum and the supernatant of lung tissues were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The Levels of serum and lung IL-10,IL-12 in ARDS rats were increased in 4 h ,8 h,16 h group compared with control group . The levels in IL-10 in serum in 16 h group and IL-10 in lung tissues of 8 h group were lower than that in 4 h group. The Levels of IL-4 in serum in 4 h, 8 h group were higher than that in control group , while IL-4 in 16 h group was lower than that in 8 h group. IL-4 of lung tissues in 4 h,8 h,16 h group were increased significantly,but in 16 h group were lower than that in 8 h group. The biggest changes of pulmonary coefficient and histopathology were observed at 4 h after injection of oleic acid. CONCLUSIONS: IL-4,IL-10 and IL-12 might play important roles in inflammatory reaction induced by oleic acid. The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced successively during ARDS. The relationship between unbalanced cytokines and lung injury in ARDS needs to be further studied.

OBJECTIVETo explore biomechanical properties and stress-strain of mucosa scars after cleft palate surgery.

METHODSAfter the model of mucosa scars was made, the mucosa scars and normal mucosa were excised and examined immediately by tensionometry.

RESULTSThe mucosa scars after cleft palate surgery were compared with normal mucosa. The Poisson's ratio of mucosa scars and normal mucosa was 0.5 and 0.49, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups. The ultimate Young's modulus of mucosa scars was about 24.22 MPa, however, it declined to 3.32 Mpa in normal mucosa.

CONCLUSIONSThe mucosa scars after cleft palate surgery are biomechanically weaker than normal mucosa. It can be used for further research, such as maxillary orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis, and orthodontic treatment.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cicatrix ; physiopathology ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy, Le Fort

Objective To investigate the effects of maternal long-term exposure to low-dose trichlorfon on the serum paraoxonase (PON) activity of pregnant mice and development of embryos. Methods Female ICR mice (n=120) were randomly divided into control group and trichlorfon groups of different doses,and were managed by intragastric injection with trichlorfon of 0,2,10 and 50mg/kg,respectively. All the mice were managed once a day for a consecutive of 27 days,and were subjected to mating. The pregnant mice were continued to be managed with trichlorfon for 3 days,and were sacrificed on day 3 of gestation. The serum PON and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities were detected,and the development of embryos was evaluated. Results The serum PON activity of 2,10 and 50mg/kg trichlorfon group were (14.15?1.22),(12.78?1.80) and (10.45?1.95)IU/mL,respectively,and that of 50mg/kg trichlorfon group was significantly lower than that of control group [(13.37?2.31)IU/mL] (P0.05),while the the percentage of abnormal embryos of 50mg/kg trichlorfon group had an increased tendency. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose trichlorfon can inhibit serum PON and AchE activity in pregnant mice without obvious effect on the development of embryos.

Objective To find the effective therapeutic arrangement through investigating the clinical characteristics of chronic cardiac insufficiency with anaemia. Methods A total of 46 cases of anemia from 315patients who had been admitted to department of cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University for chronic cardiac insufficiency with anaemia were selected. They were divided into two groups. There were 22 patients in the first group who only accepted treatment to improve cardiac function (normal cardiac, diuretic,vasodilator therapy, etc.), and 24 patients in the second group who accepted treatment to improve cardiac function while receiving anti-anemia therapy treatment, oral ferrous sulfate tablets(0.3 g/tablet), 1 tablet each time, 3 times a day and(or) 2 times per week subcutaneous erythropoietin 3000 U. The hemoglobin(Hb), red blood cell(RBC) ,hematocrit (HCT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV) , cardiac output(CO) and E peak and A peak ratio(E/A) were observed before and after treatment. By logistic regression, grade grade Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ, the incidence of anaemia were 7.9% (10/126), 19.2% (23/120) and 24.6% (17/69),respectively. Grade Ⅱ compared with grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ, the difference was statistically significant (x2 = 4.08, 3.12, all (3.49 ± 0.17) × 1012/L, (0.36 ± 0.08)%, (48.9 ± 3.11)%, (15.6 ± 1.8)%, (38.9 ± 3.7)%, (4.4 ± 1.6)% and (130.7 ±5.75)g/L, (4.12 ± 0.25) × 1012/L, (0.43 ± 0.02)%, (58.5 ± 2.65)%, (18.0 ± 2.5)%, (49.1 ± 7.7)%, (5.1 ± 1.2)%in the first and second groups, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t =value of Hb, RBC, HCT, LVEF, FS,SV, CO were (102.7 ± 6.93)g/L, (3.41 ± 0.12) × 1012/L, (0.35 ± 0.07)%,(47.5 ± 2.86)%, (16.0 ± 2.4)%, (38.2 ± 7.9)%, (3.7 ± 1.4)%, respectively. Compared with those after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (t = 15.632, 13.325, 5.569, 17.182, 3.186, 2.999, 3.074, all P ＜ 0.05);Ⅳ-level relative risk were 1.62, 3.14(P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01) . Conclusions Based on the standard treatment with treatment of anemia, cardiac contractile function can be improved.

Objective To compare the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway-Advance (ALMA) and laryngeal mask airway-Supreme (S-LMA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy,were randomly divided into2 groups (n=120 each):group S-LMA (group S) and group A-LMA (group A).LMA was inserted after induction of general anesthesia with propofol 2.0-2.5 mg/kg,sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg.After LMA was placed,the rim was immediately inflated and positive pressure was applied to the reservoir bag of anesthesia machine circuit to check for leaks.The plateau pressure at which leaks occurred was recorded.BP,HR,SpO2,PErCO2 and Ppeak were monitored during operation.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and the placement was scored (0 =unable to see the vocal cords and the ventilation of the lungs was inadequate,4=vocal cords were clearly seen and ventilation was adequate).The rate of successful placement,placement time,the incidence of leaks during operation,duration of anesthesia and surgery,extubation time,emergence time,blood stain on the LMA after being removed,backflow after extubation and postoperatve complacations including sore throat,hoarseness and dysphagia were recorded.The efficacy for airway management and the difficulty of placement were scored.Results There was no significant difference in the rate of successful placement,difficulty of placement scores,blood stain on the LMA after being removed,incidence of backflow,sore throat,hoarseness and dysphogia,anesthesia time,duration of surgery,extubation time and emergence time between the two groups.The placement time was shorter in group S than in group A,but the airway sealing pressure,FOB scores and efficacy for airway management scores were significantly higher and the incidence of leaks during operation was significantly lower in group A than in group S.Conclusion Both A-LMA and S-LMA can provide adequate ventilation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The efficacy of A-LMA is better.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of inducing neonatal immunotolerance against Graves'disease by gene TSH receptor (TSHR) 289 and its possible mechanism.Methods Neonatal (0-24 h) female BALB/c mice were divided into intraperitoneal injection group,intramuscular injection group,model group,and normal control group.The intraperitoneal group and the intramuscular group were further divided into low-dosage,middle-dosage,high-dosage tolerance groups,and the coresponding control groups.The tolerance groups and the controls were intraperitoneally or intramuscularly pretreated with low-dosage( 1×106 particles),middle-dosage( 1 × 108particles),high-dosage( 1 × 1010 particles)of Ad-TSHR 289 or Ad-lacz respectively.6 to 7 weeks later,the normal control group received intramuscular injection with Ad-lacz; the other groups were immunized with Ad-TSHR289,three times at 3 weeks interval.10 days after the first immunization,serum TRAb was detected.4 weeks after the last immunization,serum TRAb,TT4,splenic CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3/CD4 + were tested,and the thyroid tissues were examinated histologically.Results Ten days after the first immunization,no antibody response against TSHR was detected in the two high-dose tolerance groups,but the TRAb titer in respective controls was significantly higher( P＜0.05 ).4 weeks after the last injection,in high-dose tolerance groups,only 1/10 of mice immunized by intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection elicited anti-TSHR antibody,and no mice immunized intraperitoneally had elevated serum TT4.Two of ten mice challenged intramuscularly showed slightly increased TT4 levels,but the respective controls displayed a strong antibody response( P＜0.01 ) and elevated TT4 level ( P＜0.05 ).The similar percentages of high TT4 and thyroid hyperplasia were found in all groups.Additionally,the frequencies of CD4+CD25 +Foxp3/CD4+in two high-dose tolerance groups were significantly increased as compared to those in controls( P＜0.05 ).The incidence of Graves' disease in the other groups by intraperitoneal or intranuscular injections was not statistically different from those in the corresponding control groups and the model group.Conclusions The immune tolerance against Graves'disease is induced in neonatal mice by either intraperitoneal or intramuscular pathway with specific antigen of TSHR 289,carried by adenovirus vector,and then inhibits Graves' disease in adults. Stimulation with the high-dosage antigen is liable to induce immune unresponsiveness.CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 +T cells may play an important role in the induction and maintenance of tolerance.