Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the Radix Campylotropidis Hirtellae ( RCH ) . Methods 60%ethanol extract of the RCH was separated by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 to obtain aimed compounds.Structures of the compounds were investigated by modern spectroscopy.Results Nine compounds were separated from Campylotropis hirtella ( Franch.) Schindl, and the structure of the new compound 1 was determined by spectral analysis and named hedysarimcoumestanⅠ( 1 ) , while the others were identified as the known isotrifoliol(2), hedysarimcoumestan B(3), umbelliferone(4), orobol(5), quercetin(6),(+) catechin(7), kaempferol (8) and dihydrokaempferol(9) .Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and 3-5 are separated from C.hirtella for the first time.The screening results of inhibition of H5N1 virus activity show that compound 5 has some inhibitory activity at a level of 50.0 μg /ml.

The effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and humoral immune response in Miichthys miiuy were evaluated. One hundred and fifty Miichthys miiuy weighing approximately 200-260 g were divided into five groups and reared in 15 tanks with closed circuiting culture system. The animals were fed 5 diets: basal diet only (control) or supplemented of the basal diet with C. butyricum at doses of 10(3) (CB1), 10(5) (CB2), 10(7) (CB3) or 10(9) (CB4) CFU/g. Compared with the control, the serum phenoloxidase activity was significantly increased by the supplementation (P<0.05), acid phosphatases activity was increased significantly (P<0.05) at the doses of 10(9) CFU/g. Serum lysozyme activity peaked at dose of 10(7) CFU/g and in the skin mucus at dose of 10(9) CFU/g. Immunoglobulin M level in the serum and skin mucus was increased except at dose of 10(3) CFU/g (P<0.05). The growth at the dose of 10(9) CFU/g was higher than that of the control (P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of C. butyricum can mediate the humoral immune responses and improve the growth performance in Miichthys miiuy.
Animal Feed ; microbiology ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; physiology ; Clostridium butyricum ; immunology ; Dietary Supplements ; microbiology ; Fishes ; growth & development ; immunology ; Probiotics ; administration & dosage

Objective To establish a post?treatment prognostic score model for newly diagnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to investigate the feasibility of stratified therapy. Methods A total of 263 eligible patients with newly diagnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 2002 to 2010 were enrolled as subjects. The primary tumor was treated with conventional radiotherapy, three?dimensional conformal radiotherapy, or intensity?modulated radiotherapy, and radiation areas included nasopharyngeal tumor and cervical lymphatic drainage region. The metastatic bone tumor was mainly treated with conventional external radiotherapy, while the metastatic liver or lung tumor was mainly treated with surgical resection, radiotherapy, or radiofrequency ablation. The first?line therapy for most of patients was cisplatin?based combination chemotherapy. Factors including the general characteristics, tumor status, and therapy for patients were involved in multivariate analysis, and a prognostic model was established based on the n value (HR=en ) of the prognostic factors. Results The factors influencing the overall survival (OS) in patients were a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) not higher than 70(P= 0?? 00), multiple organ metastases (P=0?? 00), combination with liver metastasis (P= 0?? 00), a number of metastases not less than 2(P= 0?? 00), a level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) higher than 245 IU/ L (P= 0?? 00), a number of chemotherapy cycles ranging between 1 and 3( P= 0?? 00), a poor response for metastatic tumor ( stable disease or progressive disease)(P= 0?? 00), and primary tumor not treated with radiotherapy (P= 0?? 01). Based on the prognostic score, patients were divided into low?risk group (0?1?? 5 points), intermediate?risk group (2?? 0?6?? 5 points), and high?risk group (≥7?? 0 points), and the 5?year OS rates in the three groups were 59?? 0%, 25?? 1%, and 0%, respectively. Conclusions The prognostic score model based on the KPS, serum level of LDH, multiple organ metastases, combination with liver metastasis, and number of metastases can effectively predict the survival in patients. Active treatment including at least 4 chemotherapy cycles and radiotherapy for primary tumor can prolong the survival time of patients in the low?and intermediate?risk groups. However, patients in the high?risk group were mainly treated with palliative radiotherapy due to no improvement in the survival by radiotherapy for primary tumor.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and importance of the application of simulation ward in medical practice between classes.MethodsTo divide the interns into two groups:the experimental group of 30 and the control group of 30. Both groups apply the simulation ward to practice between classes and both are assessed at the end of the practice.ResultsTo compare the final score of the experimental group and the control group,and significant differences are found in the following aspects:humanistic care,history taking,physical examination,medical record analysis,the theoretical knowledge examinations with the data of P ＜0.05.ConclusionThe application of simulation ward in medical practice between classes can improve the quality of clinical teaching.

Objective To evaluate the effects of body position and cuffed endotracheal tube (cETT) position on the intracuff pressure during tonsillectomy in the pediatric patients.Methods Sixty pediatric patients,aged 3-12 yr,scheduled for elective tonsillectomy under general anesthesia,were divided into group A and group B using a random number table,with 30 patients in each group.The cETTs were placed on one side of the blade of Davis retractor in group A.The cETTs were placed between the blade of Davis retractor and the body of tongue in group B.The intracuff pressure was recorded when the head was in the neutral position (T1),after changing to the head back position (T2) and when the retractor was placed for operation (T3).Results The intracuff pressure was significantly higher at T2 than at T1 in the two groups (P＜0.01).The intracuff pressure was significantly higher at T3 in group A and lower at T3 in group B than at T2 (P＜0.01).Compared with group A,the intracuff pressure was significantly decreased at T3 (P＜0.01),and no significant change was found in the intracuff pressure at T1,2 in group B (P＞0.05).Conclusion The intracuff pressure is affected by body position and cETT position during tonsillectomy in the pediatric patients,and routine monitoring of the intracuff pressure is recommended.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and its receptor in the development of hypertrophic scar. MethodsThe expression of PDGF and its receptor were detected in biopsy specimens of 9 pieces of normal skin, 7 pieces of granulation tissue of burn wound and 34 pieces of hypertrophic scar by immunohistochemical staining using specific polyclonal antibodies.ResultsPDGF and its receptor markedly increased in granulation tissue and hypertrophic scars, reaching the peak in the hypertrophic scars within 6 months and then decreased after the peak, whereas PDGF and its receptor expressed weakly in only a few normal skin specimens, and the differences were significant(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe increasing expression of PDGF and its receptor may be related to the development of hypertrophic scar.

The excipient processing is an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and understanding its scientific connotations is a critical scientific issue that urgently needs resolution. Building upon a foundation where the composition of traditional Chinese medicine substances is fundamentally clear, this paper applies the techniques and methods of chemoinformatics to the study of the excipient processing mechanism. Relevant information on traditional Chinese medicines processed with four kinds of excipients (wine, vinegar, salt and honey) was collected, including properties, taste, meridian tropism, chemical components, etc. Molecular descritors and skeletons corresponding to each chemical component were calculated using chemoinformatics to characterize the properties and structural features of the components. Characteristic components associated with the four excipients (wine, vinegar, salt and honey) were explored through multivariate statistical analysis and Murcko skeleton analysis. Further analysis, taking honey-processed Astragali Radix as an example, the focus was on the impact of the processing excipient honey on the solubility and permeability of its characteristic pharmacologically active components (isoflavones). It was discovered that the excipient honey can increase their solubility and permeability, emphasizing that the impact of processing excipients on the pharmacological classification properties is a key breakthrough in elucidating the mechanism of excipient processing. In summary, this study analyzed the characteristic components associated with the processing excipients "wine, vinegar, salt and honey" based on their composition characteristics, providing data support for the research on the mechanism of excipient processing from a biopharmaceutical perspective.

The effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and humoral immune response in Miichthys miiuy were evaluated. One hundred and fifty Miichthys miiuy weighing approximately 200～260 g were divided into five groups and reared in 15 tanks with closed circuiting culture system. The animals were fed 5 diets: basal diet only (control) or supplemented of the basal diet with C. butyricum at doses of 103 (CB1), l05 (CB2), 107 (CB3) or 109 (CB4) CFU/g.Compared with the control, the serum phenoloxidase activity was significantly increased by the supplementation (P＜0.05), acid phosphatases activity was increased significantly (P＜0.05) at the doses of 109 CFU/g. Serum lysozyme activity peaked at dose of 107 CFU/g and in the skin mucus at dose of 109 CFU/g. Immunoglobulin M level in the serum and skin mucus was increased except at dose of 103 CFU/g (P＜0.05). The growth at the dose of 109 CFU/g was higher than that of the control (P＜0.05). It is concluded that supplementation ofC. butyricum can mediate the humoral immune responses and improve the growth performance in Miichthys miiuy.

Objective To work out the suitable iodine content in iodized salt among general population in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,Hubei province by determination of the iodine content in salt.Methods The method of direct titration was used to determine the iodine content in salt samples collected from residents in natural villages sampled from four directions of east,west,south and north in each township which was sampled from five directions of east,west,south,north and center in each city(county) in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,and salt samples were collected in Hubei Salt Industry Group Co.,Limited.Enshi Branch in 2011.The method of three-days weighing was used to estimate the resident's daily per capita intake of iodized salt.The appropriate iodine content for general population in salt was worked out according to the iodine content in salt from households and enterprises in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,the amount of iodine loss in iodized salt,the amount of per capita daily intake of iodized salt and the national iodine nutrition monitoring results.Results The median of iodine content in salt from residents and the production enterprises in 2011 was 33.5 mg/kg and 34.7 mg/kg,respectively.The residents' per capita salt intake was 10.9 g,actual intake of iodine wss 335.0 μg/d.Iodine content in iodized salt was 20 mg/kg ±30％ for the general population,actual intake of iodine was 149.4-250.4 μg/d.Conclusions The residents iodine intake is higher in Enshi Autonomous prefecture.Considering the comprehensive factors,including food iodine,water iodine,and iodine cooking loss,that affect the intake of salt iodine,the appropriate iodine content in iodized salt is 20 mg/kg ± 30％ for the general population.

OBJECTIVETo determine the validity of the pulmonary function equipment.

METHODS12 young students (including six males and six females) were enrolled as our research subjects. And the values of oxygen consumption (VO(2)), carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) and energy expenditures (EE) of the subjects under three typical activity intensities: resting, moderate intensity (on a treadmill with grade 10% and speed 2.7 km/h) and hard intensity (on a treadmill with grade 10% and speed 5.8 km/h) were measured using the pulmonary function equipment (K4b(2)) and Douglas-bag respectively. And the Douglas-bag method was used as reference and the results were compared with the other method.

RESULTSThe measured VO(2) values by using the Douglas-bag and the pulmonary function equipment under three typical activity intensities were: at rest (0.22 ± 0.03), (0.22 ± 0.05) L/min (t = 0.120, P > 0.05); moderate intensity condition (0.95 ± 0.12), (0.96 ± 0.14) L/min (t = 0.240, P > 0.05); hard intensity condition (1.63 ± 0.28), (1.54 ± 0.35) L/min (t = 1.487, P > 0.05). For VCO(2) values: at rest (0.18 ± 0.02), (0.18 ± 0.04) L/min (t = 0.425, P > 0.05); moderate intensity (0.82 ± 0.11), (0.83 ± 0.13) L/min (t = 0.579, P > 0.05); hard intensity (1.64 ± 0.27), (1.52 ± 0.39) L/min (t = 2.330, P < 0.05). And for EE values, at rest (269.40 ± 35.70), (267.02 ± 55.39) kJ/h (t = 0.200, P > 0.05); moderate intensity (1165.76 ± 148.06), (1185.91 ± 161.89) kJ/h (t = 0.326, P > 0.05); hard intensity (2062.91 ± 341.97), (1912.27 ± 483.88) kJ/h (t = 1.718, P > 0.05) respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two methods except the VCO(2) values under high intensity condition was underestimated by the pulmonary function equipment. Bland-Altman test showed that the difference of the two methods was evenly distributed by the mean and standard error of the system was 24.7 kJ/h. Our data showed the results from the Douglas-bag and the pulmonary function equipment were consistent.

CONCLUSIONPulmonary function equipment had good validity in assessing the energy expenditure in Chinese adults.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Energy Metabolism ; physiology ; Exercise Test ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; instrumentation ; Students ; Young Adult