Objective To study the effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its novel analogue ( STY39 ) on the production of tissue factor ( TF ) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs). Methods Female BALB/c mice were selected,purified and primarily cultured for 5 to 7 days. Immunofluorescence assay was use to detect the Ⅷ factor related antigen and identify the MBMEC model. The MBMECs were divided into eight groups:PBS control group, LPS stimulation group, after LPS stimulation 1,2,and 3 h adding 10 -7 mol/Lα-MSH groups or STY39 group (LPS+α-MSH,LPS+STY39) ( n=4 wholes in each group) . The cell culture supernatant and cells were collected at 6 and 8 h after LPS stimulation. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentrations of TF and TFPI in cell supernatant. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of TF mRNA. Results (1) LPS could induce MBMEC to produce TF and TFPI proteins. The level of TF in the cell culture supernatant reached the peak at 6 h,and the level of TFPI reached the peak at 8 h. (2) At 1,2,and 3 h after LPS stimulating MBMEC,10 -7mol/L α-MSH or STY39 were given. They could significantly decrease the TF protein content in the cell supernatant (P<0. 01),especially the effects of giving α-MSH or STY39 were most significant at 1 h after LPS stimulation (P<0. 05). The effect of STY39 for decreasing TF content was more significant than that of α-MSH (P<0. 05);however,α-MSH and STY39 did not have significant up-regulating effects for LPS inducing MBMEC to produce TFPI. (3) After LPS stimulation,10 -7 mol/Lα-MSH or STY39 were given at different time points. They significantly down-regulated the expression level of MBMEC TF mRNA (P<0. 01). The effect was most significant at 1 h time point (P<0. 05),but there was no significant difference in the effects betweenα-MSH and STY39. Conclusion Bothα-MSH and STY39 can suppress LPS-induced primary MBMEC to produce TF protein and express TF mRNA,and the effect of administration is better after 1 h LPS stimulation. The suppressive effect of STY39 on the production of TF protein is superior toα-MSH.

Objective To evaluate the effect of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its novel analogue STY39 on the production of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in mice with endotoxemia.Methods Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups with 9 mice in each group.Endotoxemia was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS,25 μg/kg) and D-galactosamine (D-Gal,100 mg/kg).The animals of the control group were given phosphate buffered solution (PBS) instead.In the experimental groups,the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg α-MSH or STY39 at 1,2 or 3 hours following LPS injection.The orbital blood was collected at different time points,and tissues of lung,liver,and kidney were collected 8 hours after the administration of LPS.The plasma TFPI levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the expression of TFPI mRNA in different tissues was determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The plasma TFPI levels (μg/L) began to increase (11.84 ± 1.55) in the endotoxemia mice 4 hours after LPS challenge and reached the peak (23.49 ± 1.12) at 8 hours.α-MSH or STY39 treatment at 1,2 or 3 hours after LPS challenge could significantly increase the TFPI content,with the best drug effect at 1 hour after LPS challenge (the blood was collected 8 hours after LPS challenge,α-MSH group:58.79 ± 2.67 vs.28.49 ± 1.69,STY39 group:71.08 ± 2.13 vs.28.49 ± 1.69,both P＜0.01),and the effect of STY39 was better than that of α-MSH (P＜0.01).A small amount of TFPI mRNA expression was observed in each tissue of the healthy mice.After LPS challenge,TFPI mRNA expression was increased in all the tissues,especially in the lung,liver and kidney.α-MSH or STY39treatment at 1 hour after LPS challenge could significantly up-regulate the expression of TFPI mRNA in the lung and liver (A value,α-MSH in lung:51.10 ±2.89 vs.32.43 ±2.51,STY39 in lung:72.11 ±3.48 vs.32.43 ±2.51;α-MSH in liver:43.21 ± 2.12 vs.29.29 ± 2.06,STY39 in liver:66.82 ± 1.76 vs.29.29 ± 2.06,both P＜0.01).The treatment with STY39 at 1 hour after LPS challenge could significantly up-regulate the expression of TFPI mRNA in the kidney (A value:45.21 ± 1.80 vs.30.44 ± 2.23,P＜0.01),but the treatment with α-MSH had no obvious effect (A value:24.61 ± 1.98 vs.30.44 ± 2.23,P＞0.05).The enhancing effect of early administration of STY39 on TTPI mRNA expression in the lung,liver and kidney tissues of endotoxemia mice was more powerful than that of α-MSH (all P＜0.01).Conclusion The early administration of α-MSH or STY39 may up-regulate TFPI production in the mice with endotoxemia,and the effect of STY39 is superior to α-MSH.

AIM: To investigate the processing and HPLC fingerprint of Radix Scutellariae processed with wine,and to set up appropriate quanlity control standard. METHODS: chromatographic condition of HPLC-UV fingerprint consisted of Hypersil C_18 column(200 mm?5.0 mm,5 ?m),mixture of methanol,0.4% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase in a gradient mode.Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength was set at 277 nm. RESULTS: There were no evident differences among fingerprints of Radix Scutellariae that was normatively processed from the production areas. CONCLUSION: The process is feasible,and can be used to provide a basis for quanlity control of Radix Scutellariae.

Objective To observe the effect of cognition training on the motor and executive functioning of patients after a basal ganglia stroke.Methods Thirty patients with basal ganglia stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The control group received standard stroke rehabilitation training,while the treatment group received in addition 2 months of cognitive function training.The executive and motor functions of all of the subjects and their facility in the activities of daily living (ADL) were tested using the Tower of Hanoi,the Wisconsin card sorting test,a Stroop-3 test and the Fugl-Meyer assessment,the Berg balance scale and the modified Barthel index before and at the end of treatment.Results After two months of training,both within-group and between group comparisons showed that the treatment group had improved significantly more in executive function,cognition and motor function.Conclusion Cognition training can improve executive function,motor function and ADL performance after a basal ganglia stroke.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Tracheostomy ; adverse effects ; methods

Objective:To observe influence of alprostadil injection on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in high risk patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 263 CIN high risk (CIN risk score ≥16 scores) patients were selected.According to random number table, patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=121, received routine hydration therapy) and alprostadil group (n=142, received additional alprostadil injection based on routine treatment group).Serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate(GFR), cystatin C (CysC) and β trace protein (β-TP) level before, 48h and 72h after PCI were measured and compared, and incidence rate of CIN, percentage of blood purification therapy and mortality were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before PCI, there was significant rise in SCr level and significant reduction in GFR in both groups on 48h and 72h after PCI (P<0.01 all);Compared with routine treatment group, there were significant reductions in levels of SCr [72h: (190.04±28.92) μmol/L vs.(141.10±21.18) μmol/L], and significant rise in GFR [72h: (26.0±4.4) ml/min vs.(36.4±4.9) ml/min], and levels of CysC[72h: (1.75±0.74) mg/L vs.(1.47±0.55) mg/L] and β-TP [72h: (1.53±0.50) mg/L vs.(1.22±0.38) mg/L] significantly decreased in alprostadil group on 48h and 72h after PCI, P<0.05 or <0.01;there were significant reductions in incidence rate of CIN (30.6% vs.18.3%) and percentage of blood purification therapy (10.7% vs.3.5%) in alprostadil group, P=0.001, 0.045 respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality between two groups, P=0.728.Conclusion: Alprostadil injection can significantly improve kidney function, reduce incidence rate of CIN and percentage of blood purification therapy in CIN high risk patients after PCI, which is worth extending.

Objective To summaize the experience of application of direct digital radiography and electrohydraulic shockwave lithotripsy in treatment of residual bile duct stones.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical records of 60 patients with residual bile duct stones treated in our hospital from 2003 to 2006 was made.Results In 59(95.9%) of 60 cases the stones were removed completely,including successful removal in one time of application of this method in 57 Patients(95.0 %),and 2 applications in 2 Patients ﹙3.3 %).One case with bile duct stone complicated with dile duct cancer was unsuccessful.The biggest stone was 3.5 cm?2.5 cm?2.0 cm.No serious complications occurred and changed to operation.The 59 cases were followed up for 6 mo to l yr,and all had a successful outcome.Conclusions The method of combination of direct digital radiography and electrohydraulic shockwave lithotripsy in treatment of postoperative residual bile duct stones after operation can facilitate removal of residual bile duct stones.The procedure is a safe way of treating residual stones.

Objective To evaluate the postoperative quality of life of donors in living donor renal transplantation patients.Methods One hundred and seventeen donors were involved in present study from 2006-2008.A crosssectional survey was performed with questionnaire research to all the donors who received living donor nephrectomy during this period.The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics,surgical complications,economic status,donors awareness status,family support,the health care,social welfare and daily exercise after surgery.The Chinese version of SF-36 was used as the measurement of quality of life.The statistic analyze include T test,analysis of variance and stepwise regression analysis.Results The donors' mental health status was better than the healthy population (P ＜ 0.05).The difference of quality of life and scores of other dimensions compared with the healthy population was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).In univariate analysis,four kinds of fields such as age,education level,economic status and physical exercise were associated with quality of life.In further multivariate analysis,with exclusion of the interaction between various factors,the main factors for postoperative quality of life are the cultural,economic status and physical activity (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Social and psychological factor should be concerned in donor's preoperative screening.Good social psychological background,the necessary psychological intervention and postoperative follow-up maybe play an important role to improve the postoperative quality of life in living donor renal transplantation.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on pelvic floor muscles and urinary function in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods From March, 2012 to March, 2015, 23 patients with spinal cord injury were divided into control group (n=8), early intervention group (n=8) and later intervention group (n=7). The control group received routine rehabilitation, the intervention groups received acupuncture at Baliao (BL-31, BL-32, BL-33 BL-34), Yanglingquan (GB-34), Sanyinjiao (SP-6) and Taichong (LR-3) acupoints in addition. The early intervention group was acupunctured one week before removal of catheter, and the later intervention group adopted inter-mittent catheterization after removal of catheter, and then received acupuncture. The pelvic floor muscles strength, the urine function and quality of life were recorded before and six weeks after intervention. Results There was no significant difference in all the indices before in-tervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the pelvic floor muscles strength improved in the intervention groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the mean frequency of urinary voiding, bladder capacity, time of establishing reflect uri-nation and residual volume of urine after intervention among all the groups (P<0.05), except the mean frequency of urinary voiding and blad-der capacity between the control group and the later intervention group (P>0.05). The quality of life improved in all the groups after inter-vention (F>0.864, P<0.05), however, no significant difference was found among three groups (F=1.558, P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture, especially early acupuncture, could improve the pelvic floor muscle strength and bladder function in spinal cord injury patients.

Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. zhuchuanlong@jsph.org.cn.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; Tablets