Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignant tumor of infants.It not only seriously threats children's eyesight,but also endangers their lives.RB develops from the immature cells of retina and its occurrence is closely related with the tumor suppressor gene RB1.The inactivation of two alleles of RB1 is the basis of RB occurrence and development.With the rapid development of biological technology,RB gene related research has made great progress.Researches showed that there are many changes in the chromosome level of RB.Many genes are also involved in the development and progression of RB,including oncogene MYCN,murine double minute 4 (MDM4,also known as MDMX),driver protein family members 14 (K IF14),DEK,E2F3,tumor suppressor gene calcium 11 (CDH11) and so on.This review summarizes the progress in gene research of RB,reveal pathogenesis of RB on DNA molecular level and provides a scientific basis for clinical doctors to formulate effective therapeutic plans.

Target restoration space (TRS) is the most precise space required for designing optimal prosthesis. TRS consists of an internal or external tooth space to confirm the esthetics and function of the final restoration. Therefore, assisted with quantitive analysis transfer, TRS quantitative analysis is a significant improvement for minimum tooth preparation. This article presents TRS quantity-related measurement, analysis, transfer, and internal relevance of three TR. classifications. Results reveal the close bond between precision and minimally invasive treatment. This study can be used to improve the comprehension and execution of precise esthetic prosthodontics.
Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Prosthodontics ; methods ; Tooth Preparation

Aged ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Ischemia ; etiology

Objective To observe the effect of treating child anorexia belonging to deficiency of spleen and stomach type with Jianpichongji. Methods A total of 100 children with anorexia were randomly recruited into a control group (40 cases)and a treatment group (60 cases). The control group was treated with Shibeigao ganule, and the treatment group was treated with Jianpichongji. Therapeutic effects between the two groups after the treatment were compared. Results The total effective rate was 90.0% and 77.5% in the treatment group and the control group respectively, showing statistical difference (P=0.035).Conclusion It was effective to treat child anorexia belonging to deficiency of spleen and stomach type with Jianpichongji.

Objective To observe the change of peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore its clinical significance. Methods The clinical data and lymphocyte subsets of 40 active UC patients who admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital,from June 2007 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who had previously used immunosuppressants or tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody were excluded. Seventy-nine subjects with health examination served as controls. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets detected included total T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Only the first detection results of UC patients were used for analysis. Results The proportion of total T cells for UC patients (73.60% ± 8.35% ) was significantly higher than the controls (69. 76% ±7.37%) (P =0.012). CD8+T cell ratio (35.53% ± 10.99%) was significantly higher than the controls ( 30. 56% ± 6. 75 % ) ( P = 0. 011 ). When the UC patients were stratified according to inflammatory involvement,the total T cells, CD8 +T cell, and NK cell ratio were significantly different among pancolitis, non-pancolitis, and the controls ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). When the UC patients were stratified according to the disease course, the total T cells and CD8 + T cell ratio were significantly different among chronic recurrent/persistent, onset, and the controls ( both P ＜ 0.05 ). When the UC patients were stratified according to the extraintestinal manifestations, the total T cells and CD8 + T cell ratio were significantly different among those with extraintestinal manifestations, those without extraintestinal manifestations, and the controls ( both P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The proportion of total T cells and CD8 + T cells increase in UC patients. Such immune abnormalities are even more distinctive in those UC patients who suffer from pancolitis or chronic recurrent/persistent type or those with extraintestinal manifestations.

Objective To explore the effect of PCEA on intestinal peristalsis.Methods 120 patients with ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ lower abdominal or lower limbs surgery were randomly divided into four groups with 30 cases each and received PCEA at the end of operation sespectively.Group A were given 0.0002% fentanyl,0.2% Ropivacaine and 0.005 % Droperidol;0.01% morphine,0.2% Ropivacaine and 0.005% droperidol in group B;0.2% Ropivacaine in group C;0.9% saline in group D.Postoperative analgesia was provided by PCA pump with LCP model.Results Satisfactory analgesia in group A was 93%,97% in group B 47% in group C and 13% in group D.Both group A and B did not show any significant difference in the analgesic effects(P＞ 0.05).Satisfactory analgesia in group A and B were significantly better than in group C and D(P＜0.05).The renewal of intestinal peristalsis were significantly faster in lower limbs surgery patients than lower abdominal patients(P＜ 0.01),but it did not show any significant difference in the same kinds of surgery in four groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Both group A and B can get a satisfied analgesia effect;intestinal peristalsis of lower limbs surgery patients renewed were shorter than in lower abdominal patients.

Abnormality of sphincter of Oddi is divided into the anatomical and functional ones. Anatomical abnormality includes stenosis and insufficiency, and the dyskinesia of sphincter of Oddi is composed of hypermotility and hypomotility. Many biliopancreatic diseases are associated with the abnormality of sphincter of Oddi, which include congenital pancreaticobiliary maljunction, gallstones, primary choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis, post-cholecystectomy syndrome, and pancreatitis. The proper acknowledgement of abnormality of sphincter of Oddi is of importance to improve the diagnosis and therapy of corresponding biliopancreatic diseases.

With advances in surgical techniques,laparoseopic surgical instruments and constant equipment innovation,minimally invasive surgery has become the main stream of this century.Wide range of applications of endoscopy and laparoscopy as the representative of the revolutionary changes in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases since the second half of last century is the main symbol.Patients obtained benefits from the minimally invasive technique to reduce the trauma and pain,shorten the course of treatment,and gain rapid recovery.Singleincision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is proposed in recent years.It differs from conventional multiports laparoscopic surgery,with only a small 2-3 cm incision at the body's natural scar-umbilicus as the approach to assist laparoscope and surgical instruments into the abdomen cavity.In this paper,the surgical experiences of SILS based on 800 cases and understanding of the SILS at home and abroad were presented to talk about the application of SILS technique in digestive surgery.

This article introduces the explorations in improving minimally invasive therapies and techniques for intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stones in this center,including laparoscopic choledocholithotomy without the placement of T tube,laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones using an anastomosis stapler for liver partition,and modification of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.The improved therapies and techniques above have achieved good clinical effects,and a scientific judgment of their clinical effects still depends on a large number of cases and randomized controlled clinical trials.

Endogenous NO and CO have been identified in the recent years as signaling molecules and act as the messengers in the body . Both of them have identical characteristics in the mechanism of production and action. Many evidences indicated that NO and CO play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the prostate. This review highlights the current ideas on localization and function of them in the prostate. We also discussed the relationship between the gaseous messengers and the prostatic diseases.