The visual angle of active participation reference model was not scientific and its contents were not sys-tematic in the past EBM information service. A new EBM information service model was thus established by compa-ring the finding process of evidence and the transforming process ofinformation-knowledge-intelligence with the need of evidence-based decision making in clinicians as a logic starting point in order to provide the theory of what to do andhow to scientifically do for clinical librarians and clinicians, to effectively direct clinical librarians to perform EBM information service, and to help clinicians to scientifically make their decision.

Target restoration space (TRS) is the most precise space required for designing optimal prosthesis. TRS consists of an internal or external tooth space to confirm the esthetics and function of the final restoration. Therefore, assisted with quantitive analysis transfer, TRS quantitative analysis is a significant improvement for minimum tooth preparation. This article presents TRS quantity-related measurement, analysis, transfer, and internal relevance of three TR. classifications. Results reveal the close bond between precision and minimally invasive treatment. This study can be used to improve the comprehension and execution of precise esthetic prosthodontics.
Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Prosthodontics ; methods ; Tooth Preparation

Adult ; Colonic Diseases, Functional ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; beta-Endorphin ; blood ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the role of ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaMKII)in chronic inflammatory pain in mice.Methods Forty healthy male ICR mice weighing 20-25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each):group A control;group B chronic inflammation;group C KN92:group D KN93 30 nmol and group E KN93 45 nmo1.Chronic inflammatory pain was produced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) 20 ul into the dorsal surface of left hind paw in group B,C,D and E.In group A normal saline 20 ul was injected instead of CFA.On the 1st and 3rd day after CFA injection group D,E and Creceived intrathecal administration of specific CaMK Ⅱ inhibitor KN93 30 and 45 nmol and KN92 45 nmol(aninactive analog of KN93).in 5 ul respectively.Mechanical and thermal pain threshold to von Frey hair and radiantheat stimulation were determined at 30 min before CFA injection (To,baseline),30 min before(T1) and 30 min after IT.administration (T2) on the 1st day after CFA injection and at 30 min after IT administration(T3) on the 3rd day after CFA injection.The mice were immediately killed by C02 anesthesia after the last determination of pain threshold.The lumbar segment of the spinal cord Was then removed for determination of the expression of p-CaMK Ⅱ a by Western blotting.Results The thermal and mechanical pain threshold Was significantly decreasedat T1-3 in group B,C and D but only at T1 in group E as compared with the baseline values and group A.Thermal and mechanical pain threshold were significantly hisher at T2.3 in group E than in group B.p-CaMKⅡa expression in the spinal cord was significantly higher in group B,C and D than in group A but there was no significant difference in p-CaMKⅡa between group A and E.The p-CaMKII a expression in the spinal cord was significantyly lower in group E than in group B.Conclusion CaMK Ⅱ is involved in the development of chronic inflammatory pain.

Objective To construct an effective network machine room (NMR) in hospital. Methods According to Computer Room Design Standard (GB50174-93), the NMR of XiJing hospital was designed and configured in reason with special equipment in such aspects as fitment, power distribution, air conditioning, monitoring, lightning proof, etc. Results The improvement of network machine running condition provided better support to network equipment and ensured the nicety and reliability of the database of XiJing hospital. Conclusion The project attains the anticipated effect. Network equipment running in well environment is the precondition of stabilization of the whole network system in hospital.

After the practical experiences with embedded subject service for research in nursing science in Library , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University was described , such as constructing and recommending resources for nursing staff , helping them to search and read related resources , providing training service of how to write and submit papers , the models of embedded subject service for research in nursing science were summarized , such as laying equal stress on construction and recommendation of resources , systematic service in the embedding processes , and tackling problems by groups in coordination .

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for perfecting the drug safety supervision mechanisms in China. METHODS:Based on the theory of“market failure”“contract failure”and“government failure”,representative drug safety supervision mecha-nisms were selected from USA for analysis and evaluation. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:USA has made some achievements in the implementation and application of drug safety supervision mechanisms. The representative drug safety supervision mechanisms included prescription drug applicant payment mechanism,drug safety information communication mechanism,punishment and in-centive mechanism, public-private partnership mechanism, passive monitoring and active monitoring combination mechanism. These mechanisms relieved“government failure”of FDA,and solved the problems of“market failure”and“contract failure”to cer-tain extent. In China,drug safety supervision mechanisms should be perfected from refining the legal guarantee,mobilizing exter-nal forces completely,absorbing and applying modern information technology,focusing on both prevention and disposal,paying at-tention to the coordination of different mechanism,striving for open procedure and transparent result.

Immunosenescence is a biological process featured by the structural and functional decline of immunity in ageing people,which favors the carcinogenesis by rendering the body's immune surveillance and tumor escape.Decreasing clearance of tumor cells by macrophages and natural killer cell reflects the immunosenescence of innate immune,also,the tumor antigen presentation ability of dendritic cell is decreased.While,the decline of the CD8 + T cells cytotoxic effect and the secretion of tumor growth factor accounts for the immunosenescence of adaptive immunity.Intervention of immunosenescence may produce the novelty ideas of prevention and treatment of cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as the seeds of tumor metastasis, manage to escape from immune clearance both in microen-vironment and in peripheral blood. CTCs can also facilitate formation of pre-existing environment, which is the crucial step in metasta-sis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), as a group of immunosuppressive cells derived from bone marrow cells, may play a key role in this process. In this review, the progress in MDSC and its role in the formation, survival, and immune escape of CTCs were exten-sively discussed to explore a new target for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of PKC? antisense oligonucleotides injected intrathecally on the hyperalgesia and expression of PKC? protein in rats with chronic morphine tolerance. Methods Twenty-four female SD rats weighing 150-180 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each): group Ⅰ control; group Ⅱ morphine (M); group Ⅲ sense oligonucleotides (S) and group Ⅳ antisense oligonucleotide (A) . An intrathecal catheter was placed in the lumbar subarachnoid space to allow for bolus injections. Chronic morphine tolerance was induced by intrathecal morphine 20 ?g twice a day (at 8:00 and 16:00) for 5 consecutive days. Intrathecal morphine (20 ?g twice a day) was continued in group M, S, and A and normal saline 20 ?l (in group M) or sense oligonucleotide 20 ?g (in group S) or antisense oligonucleotide 20 ?g (in group A) was given intrathecally between the two morphine doses (at 12: 00) for 6 consecutive days. Pain threshold was assessed by measuring the withdrawal response of the hindpaw to radiant heat with a thermal plantar testing apparatus 2 days before intrathecal catheter was placed and on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day after morphine tolerance was induced. The animals were killed on the 6th day of intrathecal NS/oligonucleotide administration after pain threshold was measured. The L2-6 segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of PKC? mRNA (RT-PCR) and PKC? protein (Western blot) .Results The establishment of morphine tolerance was confirmed by significant shortening of response latency to radiant heat. The thermal withdrawal latency was significantly prolonged in group S and A after intrathecal administration of sense or antisense oligonucleotide as compared with group M but was significantly shorter in group S than in group A. The expression of PKC? protein in spinal dorsal horn was significantly decreased in group S and A as compared to group M, but was significant lower in group A than in group S. The PKC? mRNA expression was significantly lower in group A than in group M but there was no difference in PKC? mRNA expression between group S and M. Conclusion The hyperalgesia induced by chronic morphine tolerance can be reversed by intrathecal PKC? antisense oligonucleotide through reduction of PKC? protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn.