Objective To understand the dietetic habits,the knowledge level of nutrition and food hygiene,the understanding of the relationship between food and disease,and their sources of and the demands for nutrition and food hygiene in the residents of Tianjin.Method 1 206 subjects(605 male and 601 female) aged 18 to 69 yrs were selected by the stratified multi-stage random sampling and investigated with the questionnaire.Results of all the subjects,no one's diet was consistent with the Chinese balanced diet guideline.Most subjects had some knowledge about food and nutrition,but only 60.2% of them passed the test.The situation of the knowledge awareness varied with their living area,education background and occupation.87.5% of the subjects had a good awareness for the relationship between food and disease,and varied with their education and occupation.Television was the most important approach for their acquiring the knowledge about nutrition and food hygiene.81.5% subjects were interested in learning more about nutrition and food hygiene.Conclusions The dietetic habits in residents of Tianjin was still not satisfied.It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of the nutrition and food hygiene in residents and explore an effective education model for them.

Objective To study the regulating roles of PAI 2 in the differentiation mechanism of the human epidermis. Methods Human skins were take from the early, middle and late human embryos respectively and observed with immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. The cell culture and dot blot were also used in the observation of the materials from late embryo. Results 1 PAI 2 exhibits a very high experssion in the development of embryonic period, with the highest level in the middle embryonic phase while the transcripts of PAI 2 still keep a rather high level in the late human embryonic stage. 2 PAI 2 is mainly localized in the superficial, more differentiatied layers of the epidermis.3 PAI 2 is localizated in peripheral cytoplasm of the vitro or vivo keratinocyte.Conclusion PAI 2 is involved in the regulation of the keratinocyte differentiation. [

Objective To study the effects of Chinese herb extracts on cell proliferation and glucose absorption in intestinal epithelial cell line(IEC-6 cells) of rats.Methods The extracts of four Chinese herbs,including Herba Agastaches(HA),Rhizoma Atractylodis(RA), Cortex Phellodendri(CP),and Gypsum Fibrosum(GF),were made.Their suitable concentration on the cell proliferation in IEC-6 cells was determined by MTT method,and glucose absorption and the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase in IEC-6 cells were assayed.A method of real time PCR was applied to the determination of SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expression in the cells.Results Chinese herb extracts treatment altered the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,RA volatile oil(50 ?g/mL) and CP alkaloid(10 ?g/mL) treatment increased glucose absorption and the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase genes(P0.05).Conclusion The three extracts treatment,including RA volatile oil,CP aklaloid,and HA volatile oil,could increase glucose absorption and the expression of glucose transport carrier genes,but their regulative mechanism are not totally the same.

An α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) was isolated from white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) by ethanol fractional precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration column chromatography. It was a homogeneity glycoprotein demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on CL-6B. The glycoprotein contained 88.2% protein and was rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, threonine and serine. The carbohydrate moiety was consisted of Man, Glc, Gal and Xyl in a mole ratio of 2.42∶1.50∶1.52∶1.00. The glycan and the core protein backbone was connected by O-linkage as determined by β-elimination reaction. The continuous oral administration of the α-AI (150 mg·kg-1·d-1 ) for 7 days can lower fasting blood glucose and 300 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 α-AI for 7 days can improve the sugar tolerance on alloxan-dependent diabetic model rats. The result showed the α-AI obtained from white kidney beans had good hypoglycemic effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats and may have high potential pharmaceutical value as a regulative digestive-starch degradation in patients suffering from diabetes.

Objective: To assess the implementation effects of clinical pathways, compared with usual care, among patients with stroke. Methods:Two investigators independently searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang Database for studies published before December 2014. Jadad methodological approach was applied to assess the quality of included studies and RevMan software (version 5.2.7) was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 11 RCTs involving 913 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results showed that a shorter average length of stay [MD = -2.92; 95% CI (-4.06, -1.78); P < 0.001] and a lower inpatient expenditures [SMD = -1.64; 95% CI (-1.80, -1.48); P < 0.001] in clinical pathways group comparing with the usual care group. The higher score of patient satisfaction was also seen in clinical pathways group. Conclusion: clinical pathways may reduce the average length of stay, reduce the inpatient expenditures, increase patient satisfaction and improve the quality of care in stroke management.

Objective: To assess the implementation effects of clinical pathways, compared with usual care, among patients with stroke. Methods:Two investigators independently searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang Database for studies published before December 2014. Jadad methodological approach was applied to assess the quality of included studies and RevMan software (version 5.2.7) was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 11 RCTs involving 913 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results showed that a shorter average length of stay [MD = -2.92; 95% CI (-4.06, -1.78); P < 0.001] and a lower inpatient expenditures [SMD = -1.64; 95% CI (-1.80, -1.48); P < 0.001] in clinical pathways group comparing with the usual care group. The higher score of patient satisfaction was also seen in clinical pathways group. Conclusion: clinical pathways may reduce the average length of stay, reduce the inpatient expenditures, increase patient satisfaction and improve the quality of care in stroke management.
Stroke

Objective To investigate the role of endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs ) transplantation in rats with sepsis induced by endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharides, LPS ). Methods Sixty clean grade Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats with genetic background were divided into three groups according to random number table method:control group, model group, and EPCs transplantation group, with 20 rats in each group. The sepsis model was reproduced by intravenous delivery of LPS 5 mg/kg. Rats in control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. EPCs were isolated, and cultured and identified were fluorescently labeled with the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) adenoviral transfection method. The EPC transplantation group was injected with LPS, then a fluorescently labeled EPCs suspension was injected via the tail vein 1 hour later. The expression of fluorescent markers of EPCs was detected with both small animal in vivo imaging instrument and frozen section. Seven days after transplantation, abdominal aorta blood was collected to determine interleukins ( IL-6 and IL-10 ) in peripheral blood with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), and the lung, liver, and kidney tissues were harvested, the wet/dry ratio of the lung ( W/D ) was calculated, and hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining was performed to observe, the change in histopathology. Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) mRNA expression in lung, liver, and kidney tissues was determined with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ). Results The positive rate of EPCs cells with double marking of CD133 and CD34 was 99.0% at the 5th generation of subculture by using flow cytometry. After the transplantation of EPCs labeled with the green fluorescent protein, the appearance of fluorescence indicated that EPCs were mainly localized in the chest, and a stronger fluorescence was observed near the blood vessels. EPCs transplantation could significantly reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and cell damage in lung, liver, and kidney tissue in septic rats. Compared with control group, the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in the peripheral blood, W/D ratio, and TLR4 mRNA in lung, liver, and kidney were increased significantly in the model group. Compared with model group, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced after EPCs transplantation [ IL-6 (μg/L ):2.127±0.118 vs. 2.664±0.438, IL-10 ( ng/L ): 24.5±3.9 vs. 31.5±3.8, both P < 0.01 ]. EPCs transplantation reduced the W/D ratio of lung, liver and kidney tissues ( lung: 4.68±0.24 vs. 5.48±0.15, liver: 3.33±0.11 vs. 3.94±0.09, kidney: 4.08±0.20 vs. 4.84±0.21, all P < 0.05 ], and down-regulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA ( ×103, lung: 782±131 vs. 1 136±126, liver: 39.1±14.0 vs. 69.2±8.7, kidney: 52.2±15.2 vs. 83.5±17.1, all P < 0.01 ). Conclusions EPCs can enter the lung, liver and kidney tissues of the rat successfully after transplantation of EPCs via vein. EPCs transplantation can down-regulate pro-inflammatory process, help to recover the balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory processes, alleviate the damage to the lung, liver, and kidney tissue significantly.

Objective To study the effect of calcitonin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in femoral fracture healing in ovariectomized rats .Methods 80 female rats of 3 months old were randomly divided into four groups :Sham operation group(Sham ,10 cases);Ovariectomized operation group(OVX ,10 cases);Ovariectomy+ fracture+ salinegroup(Control ,30 cases) and Ovariectomy+ fracture +calcitonin group(Experimental ,30 cases) .Rats in Sham group and OVX group were performed ovari-otomy and killed after 4 weeks ,femoral bone mineral density was measured .For rats in Control group and Experimental group ,right middle femoral facture was performed 4 weeks later after ovariectomy .Calcitonin(16 IU/kg)were injected subcutaneously once per 2 days in Experimental group ,while those in Control group were given equal volume of normal saline .Rods in these two groups were killed after 3 ,6 ,9 weeks(10 at a time) ,femoral bone mineral density(BMD)was measured;hematoxylin-eosin staining and im-munohisto-chemical staining were performed at the 3th ,6th and 9th week after fracture ,respectively .Results Compared with Sham group ,rats weight in OVX group gained more(P< 0 .05) ,and BMD in OVX group significantly decreased more(P< 0 .05) .HE staining ,at the 3th week after fracture ,endochondral ossification domained in fracture healing ,and no significant difference existed (P>0 .05)in BMD .At the 6th week after fracture ,bone trabecula in both groups arranged in order ,compared with the control group ,BMD in experimental group increased significantly(P<0 .05) .At the 9th week after fracture ,bone trabecula in both groups arranged closely ,BMD in both groups showed significant difference(P<0 .05) .There was no significant difference of vascular endo-thelial growth factor(VEGF)between experimental group and control group at the 3th ,6th ,9th week after fracture(P>0 .05) .Con-clusion The results suggest that calcitonin treatment could enhance the bone mineral density significantly after fracture ,but it has no impact on the expression of VEGF in osteoporotic fracture healing .

Objective To evaluate the effect of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), to evaluate the extent of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2010 to February 2012. The patients with ALI/ARDS were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in APRV group were given APRV pattern, while those in control group were given lung protection ventilation, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (SIMV+PEEP). All patients were treated with AVEA ventilator. The parameters such as airway peak pressure (Ppeak), mean airway pressure (Pmean), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial blood gas, urine output (UO), the usage of sedation and muscle relaxation drugs were recorded. AVEA ventilator turning point (Pflex) operation was used to describe the quasi-static pressure volume curve (P-V curve). High and low inflection point (UIP, LIP) and triangular Pflex volume (Vdelta) were automatically measured and calculated. The ventilation parameters were set, and the 24-hour P-V curve was recorded again in order to be compared with subsequent results. Venous blood was collected before treatment, 24 hours and 48 hours after ventilation to measure lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) and large molecular mucus in saliva (KL-6) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the correlation between the above two parameters and prognosis on 28 days was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Results Twenty-six patients with ALI/ARDS were enrolled, and 22 of them completed the test with 10 in APRV group and 12 in control group. The basic parameters and P-V curves between two groups were similar before the test. After 24 hours and 48 hours, mechanical ventilation was given in both groups. The patients' oxygenation was improved significantly, though there were no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters. The Pmean (cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) in APRV group was significantly higher than that in control group (24 hours: 24.20±4.59 vs. 17.50±3.48, P < 0.01; 48 hours: 18.10±4.30 vs. 15.00±2.59, P < 0.05). After ventilation for 24 hours, the ratio of patients with increased Vdelta in APRV group was higher than that in control group (90% vs. 75%), but without statistical difference (P > 0.05). The SP-D level (μg/L) in serum in APRV group showed a tendency of increase (increased from 19.70±7.34 to 27.61±10.21, P < 0.05), in contrast there was a tendency of decrease in control group (decreased from 21.83±7.31 to 16.58±2.90, P > 0.05), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 48-hour ventilation, SP-D in APRV group was decreased, but no change was found in control group, and no significant difference was found as compared with that of the control group (16.45±8.17 vs. 17.20±4.59, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum KL-6 between the two groups before and after ventilation. The SP-D and KL-6 levels in serum were unrelated with 28-day survival rate of the patients. The odds ratio (OR) of SP-D were 0.900 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.719-1.125], 1.054 (95%CI = 0.878-1.266), 1.143 (95%CI = 0.957-1.365), and the OR of KL-6 were 1.356 (95%CI = 0.668-2.754), 0.658 (95%CI = 0.161-2.685), 0.915 (95%CI = 0.350-2.394) before the test, 24 hours and 48 hours after ventilation (all P > 0.05). Conclusions APRV was similar to lung protective ventilation strategy in oxygenation and improvements in the lung mechanics parameters. APRV with a higher Pmean can recruit alveolar more effectively, and it had no impact on hemo-dynamics, but might exacerbate VILI.

Objective:This paper aims to analyze the related effects of the low price medicine policy, and prob-lems in the implementation process. Methods:To retrieve an official website of the state food and medicine supervi-sion and administration, collect the package supplements of the low-price medicines and analyze their varieties according to their situations, and calculate he highest and lowest average daily use indicators for the medicine, etc. from January 2009 to August 2014. Results:(1) The low-price medicine list contains 533 kinds of standard medi-cines, and the coincidence rate with the essential medicines list is 51. 59%. Results also show that 96. 82% of the low-price medicines are incorporated into the national medical insurance directory. ( 2 ) The daily medicine cost difference of the maximum and minimum bidder price to the same medicine produced by different manufacturers ran-ges from 0. 01 to 30. 96 Yuan with 94. 76% of the western medicine dosage constituting the existing price rise space. (3) The daily medicine cost difference ranges from 0. 01 to 19. 35 Yuan with 92. 13% of the proprietary Chinese medicine varieties constituting the existing price rise space. Discussions:The low-price medicine varieties lack in the strict proof, the fact of low pricing the medicine has a two-way effect, and the connection between the low-price medi-cine administration policy and other policies is unclear.