Objective To explore the difference of two kinds of proteolytic enzymes (GLU-C and Lys-C trypsin),hemoglobin A1c were measured in mass spectrometry.Methods Based on the IFCC recommended hemoglobin A1c reference measurement method by mass spectrometry,the blood samples were preparied (the number of these blood samples:201201,201202,201203).Hemoglobin in the samples were enzymed respectively by two kinds of proteolytic enzymes (Glu-C and Lys-C),before the mass spectra which be used solid phase extraction method,under the optimal experimental conditions,hemoglobin A1c in the sample were measured by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and screened of variant hemoglobin with sequest software.All results by mass spectrometry are required to use the Sequest software to search RAW file in the human IPI Database,retrieve four common hemoglobin variant published results and compare hemoglobin variant sites,using statistical software SPSS13.0 and Excel 2003 on the results in the correlation analysis,compare between groups by the independent sample t test.Results In the detection of hemoglobin A1c,respectively Glu-C and Lys-C blood which the samples were enzymed,results of hemoglobin A1c by Lys-C were (34.70 ± 2.80),(51.76 ± 1.60),(73.39 ± 1.11) mmol/mol,results of hemoglobin A1c by Glu-C were(33.12 ± 1.48),(54.54 ± 2.50),(75.40 ± 3.60) mmol/mol,the difference between groups was not statistically significant,the results of two methods of drawing curve,all R2 ＞ 0.995.Searching the human database with sequest software,four common hemoglobin variant were not be finded.Conclusions In the detection of hemoglobin A1c by the mass spectrometry,the application of the above two kinds of proteolytic enzyme in the blood samples,that can be more consistent results,test results of two methods have a good correlation.

Objective To study the relationship between the serum paraoxonase-1(PON1) activity, PON1Q/R192 polymorphism and atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction(ATCI) in Chinese Han people.Methods In 48 cases with ATCI and 55 normal controls (NC group), serum PON1 activity was assayed by infrared spectrophotometer;the PON1Q/R192 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results Serum PON1 acuivity in the ATCI group was significantly lower than that in NC group[(74.41?18.85) U/ml,(113.65?26.64) U/ml, P

Objective To analyze the effect of cigarette smoking on replantation of amputed digit, investigate the pathologic mechanism of vascular crisis(VC) caused by smoking. Methods 1)The replantation risk factor such as smoking to VC and blood insufficiency of replanted digit was reviewed in 1 685 cases of digit replantation. 2)The complications after digit replantation in short and long terms among patients smoking were compared with those not smoking after operation. The results of management and time of appearance VC was assayed. 3)The possible pathologic mechanism of VC caused by smoking was analyzed. Results 1)A significant correlation between the ratio of VC, blood insufficiency of replanted digit and smoking index(SI, the number of cigarette in a day multiplies the years of smoking) was found. 2)The rate of VC, wound infection and unhealing in short term and the feeling of pain, numbness and cool in the long term in patients smoking after operation (92.6%,55.6%,48.1% and 71.6%) was obviously more than that in non smoking patients(17.8%,9.3%,2.0% and 3.0%,P

OBJECTIVE: To explore the applications of imaging examination on rib fracture sites in forensic identification. METHODS: Features including the sites, numbers of the processed imaging examination and the first radiological technology at diagnosis in 56 cases of rib fractures from 163 injuries were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The detection rate of the rib fractures within 14 days was 65.6%. The initial detection rate of anterior rib fracture proceeded by X-ray was 76.2%, then 90.5% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 66.7% and 80.0%, respectively. The initial detec- tion rate of rib fracture in axillary section proceeded by X-ray was 27.6%, then 58.6% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 54.3% and 80.4%, respectively. The initial detection rate of posterior rib fracture proceeded by X-ray was 63.6%, then 81.8% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 50.0% and 70.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION It is important to pay attention to the use of combined imaging examinations and the follow-up results. In the cases of suspicious for rib fracture in axillary section, CT examination is suggested in such false X-ray negative cases.
Aged ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Forensic Medicine ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rib Fractures/diagnostic imaging* ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in Chinese neonates.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ neonates,aged ≤ 28 days,with normal body weight,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were enrolled in the study.Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 6.00％ sevoflurane in oxygen.The infants were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.The inhaled concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to achieve the preset end-tidal concentration and maintained at this level for 20 min.Skin incision was then performed.The concentration of sevoflurane was determined by modified Dixon's up-and-down method.The initial end-tidal concentration of sevofluren was 3.00％.Each time the concentration increased/decreased by 0.25 ％ in the next infant according to the infant's response.Successful skin incision was defined as no body movement during skin incision.The MAC,ED95 and 95 ％ confidence interval of sevoflurane were calculated using logistic regression analysis.Results The MAC and ED95 (95 ％ confidence interval) of sevoflurane required for successful skin incision were 2.82％ (2.66％-2.98％) and 3.39％ (2.89％-3.89％),respectively,in neonates.Conclusion The MAC of sevoflurane is 2.82 ％ in Chinese neonates and lower than the present reference values previously described in foreign reports.

The study is to prepare taste masking and enteric-coated clarithromycin granules by melting and fluid bed coating technology. Clarithromycin and matrix materials were melted at a certain temperature, and then made into particles by fluidized bed coating. X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the crystal and morphology of drug loading granules. In vitro dissolution method was used for the observation of the drug release behavior. The results showed that the drug particles size range was 0.2 - 0.6 mm; the crystal form of clarithromycin in the granule did not change; enteric-coated granules accumulated release in 0.1 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid in 2 h was less than 10%, while in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer in 1 h was more than 80%. The taste masking and enteric-coated clarithromycin granules not only have good taste masking effect, but also have a good release behavior. It is expected to have better clinical application.

Objective To investigate the role of endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs ) transplantation in rats with sepsis induced by endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharides, LPS ). Methods Sixty clean grade Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats with genetic background were divided into three groups according to random number table method:control group, model group, and EPCs transplantation group, with 20 rats in each group. The sepsis model was reproduced by intravenous delivery of LPS 5 mg/kg. Rats in control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. EPCs were isolated, and cultured and identified were fluorescently labeled with the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) adenoviral transfection method. The EPC transplantation group was injected with LPS, then a fluorescently labeled EPCs suspension was injected via the tail vein 1 hour later. The expression of fluorescent markers of EPCs was detected with both small animal in vivo imaging instrument and frozen section. Seven days after transplantation, abdominal aorta blood was collected to determine interleukins ( IL-6 and IL-10 ) in peripheral blood with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), and the lung, liver, and kidney tissues were harvested, the wet/dry ratio of the lung ( W/D ) was calculated, and hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining was performed to observe, the change in histopathology. Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) mRNA expression in lung, liver, and kidney tissues was determined with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ). Results The positive rate of EPCs cells with double marking of CD133 and CD34 was 99.0% at the 5th generation of subculture by using flow cytometry. After the transplantation of EPCs labeled with the green fluorescent protein, the appearance of fluorescence indicated that EPCs were mainly localized in the chest, and a stronger fluorescence was observed near the blood vessels. EPCs transplantation could significantly reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and cell damage in lung, liver, and kidney tissue in septic rats. Compared with control group, the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in the peripheral blood, W/D ratio, and TLR4 mRNA in lung, liver, and kidney were increased significantly in the model group. Compared with model group, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced after EPCs transplantation [ IL-6 (μg/L ):2.127±0.118 vs. 2.664±0.438, IL-10 ( ng/L ): 24.5±3.9 vs. 31.5±3.8, both P < 0.01 ]. EPCs transplantation reduced the W/D ratio of lung, liver and kidney tissues ( lung: 4.68±0.24 vs. 5.48±0.15, liver: 3.33±0.11 vs. 3.94±0.09, kidney: 4.08±0.20 vs. 4.84±0.21, all P < 0.05 ], and down-regulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA ( ×103, lung: 782±131 vs. 1 136±126, liver: 39.1±14.0 vs. 69.2±8.7, kidney: 52.2±15.2 vs. 83.5±17.1, all P < 0.01 ). Conclusions EPCs can enter the lung, liver and kidney tissues of the rat successfully after transplantation of EPCs via vein. EPCs transplantation can down-regulate pro-inflammatory process, help to recover the balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory processes, alleviate the damage to the lung, liver, and kidney tissue significantly.

BACKGROUND:The blood loss and the need of blood transfusion after bilateral total knee arthroplasty are very high. Therefore, the use of medicine such as tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty is overheated in recent years. Tranexamic acid has been proved to be able to decrease the blood loss after total knee arthroplasty, while the study of its use in bilateral total knee arthroplasty is seldom. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect and safety of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss and the change of hemoglobin in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We selected 69 patients who received bilateral total knee arthroplasty and divided them into two different groups randomly. The patients in the experimental group were given 1 g of tranexamie acid dissolved in 100 mL of 5% glucose solution through intravenous infusion. Those in control group were only given 5% glucose solution 100 mL. Total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, the hidden blood loss, amount of postoperative drainage, the ratio of blood transfusion, hemoglobin, D-dimer, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were studied and compared between the two groups. We also observed the incidence of thrombotic events between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The blood loss of the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group (t=2.194-2.908,P < 0.05). The blood transfusion rate of experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group (χ2=5.219,P=0.022). The hemoglobin of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3 and 5 days after replacement (t=-3.481, 2.319,P < 0.05). No significant difference in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was detectable between the two groups before and after replacement (P > 0.05). Thrombotic events were not visible in both groups. Venous ultrasonography in the lower extremity did not reveal deep venous thrombosis. Above results suggest that tranexamic acid can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty, decreases the requirement of blood transfusion and the dynamic change of hemoglobin, and does not increase the risk of thrombosis.

Objective To explore application value of blood flow ratio indexes in the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) with different thyroid functions.Methods One hundred and four patients who were diagnosed clinically as HT were enrolled in the study.The patients were classified into three groups according to thyroid functions:the hyperthyroidism group,the hypothyroidism group and the euthyroidism group.Thirty-two volunteers with normal thyroid functions were enrolled as control group.All the cases were examined with ultrasound and five blood flow ratio indexes were calculated automatically.Their differences in the four groups were compared.Results ①Among the five blood flow ratio indexes,three indexes(mean ratio,maxratio and minratio) had significant differences between each two groups(P ＜ 0.001),the other two indexes didn't have any differences among the four groups.②Two receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves on meanratio were drew:a)HT with hyperthyroidism and HT with euthyroidism;b) HT with euthyroidism and HT with hypothyroidism.The cutoff value as a result of the ROC analysis of HT with hyperthyroidism and HT with euthyroidism was 0.235 with the maxim of specificity and sensitivity.The cutoff value of HT with euthyroidism and HT with hypothyroidism was 0.113 with the maxim of specificity and sensitivity.Both Bland-Altamn scatter diagrams and high intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) showed that blood flow ratio indexes have high repeatability.Conclusions Blood flow ratio indexes are promising quantitative indexes in reflecting the vascularity of thyroid parenchyma,and they are helpful in the differential diagnosis of HT with different thyroid functions.

This study run through the process of developing behavioral medicine discipline in a general hospital with action research method,based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) framework.The four perspectives of the behavioral medicine BSC covered the main areas in hospital discipline development,including patients and community,healthy financial disciplines,clinical service process and efficiency,and research,innovation and growth.By the implementation of the discipline BSC,this hospital clarified its discipline development strategy,provided a communication platform,determined the objective and monitored the discipline effectively,and provided a mode which can integrate the discipline development and providing clinical services.The hospital set up the first neurology behavioral medicine clinic in Jinan Region though the exploration of the path and methods for developing behavioral medicine discipline,which had practical guiding significance for behavioral medicine development and services.