Autophagy ; Cervical Cord ; injuries ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of autophagy in acute lung injury (ALI) caused by multiple trauma in rats via pretreat with 3-methyladenine (3-MA).

METHODSForty-five Sprague-Dawley male rats, with age of 4 months and body weight of 250-300 g,were randomly divided into three groups. In the sham group, the rats received sphenotresia only;in the control group, the rats were made model of femur shaft fracture combined with brain injury, and treated with physiological saline by abdominal cavity at 1 hour before making model; in the 3-MA group, the rats were made model of femur shaft fracture combined with brain injury,and treated with 3-MA of 10 mg/kg by abdominal cavity at 1 hour before making model. Histologic changes and the concentration of related inflammatory factors in the damaged lung tissue were examined at 48 h after opteration, at the same time, the effect of 3-MA on the expression of LC-3 II and Beclin-1 was examined through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with sham group, LC-3 II and Beclin-1 level in control group at 48 h after operation were obviously increased (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, LC-3 II and Beclin-1 level in 3-MA group at 48 h after operation were obviously decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with sham group, the level of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in control group obviously enhanced (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, above items in 3-MA group was obviously lower (P < 0.01). Compared with control group,the histopathological damage of lung in 3-MA group obviously reduced (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAutophagy can aggravate the acute lung injury caused by fracture of shaft of femur combined with brain injuries,but 3-MA can reduce tissue damage by inhibiting the autophagy and inflammatory response.

Acute Lung Injury ; prevention & control ; Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; analysis ; Beclin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Lung ; chemistry ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate extracellular splitting pattern of mitochondria and the depressant effects of CsA on the process and explore the mechanism of post-traumatic SIRS and its therapeutic strategy.

METHODSTen male SD rats with 60 to 70 days age and 240 to 280 g weight were used for mitochondrial isolation. Freshly isolated mitochondria were randomly divided into two groups, which were cultured in blood plasma with or without CsA respectively for 8 h. COX and MDH were assayed by ELISA every 30 min. Meanwhile, Rat macrophage cell line NR8383 were treated as follows, control (group A): cultivation with normal medium; NR8383+CsA co-culture group (group B): culture medium was supplemented with CsA of 10 mmol/L; NR8383+intact mitochondria co-culture group (group C): culture medium was supplemented with intact mitochondria (mtDNA=5 g/ml); NR8383+intact mitochondria+CsA co-culture group (group D): culture medium was supplemented with intact mitochondria (mtDNA=5 μg/ml)and CsA of 10 mmol/L; NR8383+disrupted mitochondria co-culture group (group E): culture medium was supplemented with disrupted mitochondria (mtDNA=5 μg/ml); NR8383+disrupted mitochondria+CsA co-culture group (group F): culture medium was supplemented with disrupted mitochondria (mtDNA=5 μg/ml)and CsA of 10 mmol/L. TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in supernatant were assessed at 1, 3, 5 h after culture.

RESULTSIn the mitochondria plasma cultures, MDH and COX levels were increased with the time and peaked at about 3 h and 3.5 h; CsA can delay the appearance of peak to 4.5 h. Among different treated groups,there was no significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 between group A and group B; there was significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 other groups. After 1 h culture, compared with group C, no significant difference of TNF-α and IL-6 was observed in group D, while TNF-α and IL-6 were significant higher in group E; after 3 h culture, compared with group C, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in group D, while TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in group E; after 5 h culture, compared with group C, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in group D, while no significant difference of TNF-α and IL-6 were observed in group E. At each time point, there was no significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 between group F and group E.

CONCLUSIONMitochondria can split in serum with time, which will further activate macrophages. CsA has depressant effect to mitochondrial splitting on the process and will therefore inhibit the activation of macrophages.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; secretion ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the injury of PC12 cell induced by MPP~+ and its mechanisms.Methods For expression in mammalial cells, pcDNA3.1(+)-14-3-3 plasmid was constructed and transfeeted into PC12 cell with Lipofectamine~(TM)2000. The overexpression of transfected 14-3-3 gene in PC12 cell was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The effects of 14-3-3 overexpressing on the cells viability,apoptotie ratio and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of PC 12 cell treated with MPP~+ were measured by MTT assay,flow cytometry analysis and microplate reader respectively.Results The expression of 14-3-3 protein in transfection group(1.19?0.06)increased evidently compared with control group(0.75?0.05).And the antioxidant enzyme activity assession,MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis shows that the overexpression of 14-3-3 protein elevates the activity of SOD(transfection group:(9.13? 0.41)U/mg protein,MPP~+ group:(6.45?0.52)U/mg protein)and GSH-Px(transfection group: (89.66?3.42)?mol/mg,protein MPP~+ group:(82.73?4.15)?mol/mg protein),increases the cell viability(transfection group:0.78?0.06,MPP~+ group:0.54?0.07),and inhibits cell apoptosis (transfeetion group:11.87%?3.26%,MPP~+ group:36.30%?2.39%)of PC12 induced by MPP~. Conclusion The overexpression of 14-3-3 protein could elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px,reduce oxidant stress,alleviate MPP~+ toxicity,and thus inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cell induced by MPP~+.

AIM: To investigate the effects of human urotensin Ⅱ (hUII) on in vivo mesenteric microcirculation in rats. METHODS: For recording of microcirculation images in the mesentery, the intestinal loop was mounted on the stage of an intravital microscope equipped with a TV camera. Video images of microcirculation were stored by a video cassette recorder. Temporal changes in internal diameter and microcirculatory velocity of microvesseles were measured by computer using the ImagePro software. The blood flow in intestinal wall was measured with PIMII laser Doppler perfusion Imager (Lisca Sweden). RESULTS: The internal diameters of arterioles and venules in control group were (21.4?2.3) ?m and (38.1?3.6) ?m,respectively. In UII group, the arterioles and venules contracted immediately after treated with UII and up to the peak at 1 min [(14.1?1.4) ?m and (22.2?5.2) ?m vs control,P0.05). The blood flow in intestinal wall increased 1 min after treated with UII and up to high peak at 5 min(6.4?1.1 perfusion unit vs control 4.2?0.9,P

Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Spondylolisthesis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of low calcium diet related hyperoxaluria and explore its features.

METHODSBy means of randomized blocks design, totally 24 SD male rats were divided into low calcium diet group, medium calcium diet group, and high calcium diet group. Each group was sequentially fed on different calcium diets for 3 days. The urinary volume within 24 hours was recorded, the consistency of urinary oxalate by high-efficiency liquid chromatography, and the consistency of urine creatinine by automatic biochemical analyzer. The consistency was corrected to the output of urinary oxalate of rats in 24 hours, and the results were evaluated by repeated measurement of variance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance.

RESULTSThe output of urinary oxalate of rats in 24 hours varied with time (F=7.893, P0.05). The output of urinary oxalate of rats in 24 hours varied with group division (F=3.565, P<0.05). The output of urinary oxalate in 24 hours in three groups on the third day was significantly higher than that on the first day (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBy controlling the calcium intake, we successfully established the model of low calcium diet related hyperoxaluria in rat.

Animals ; Calcium Carbonate ; administration & dosage ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hyperoxaluria ; etiology ; urine ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding combined with vessel pricking therapy for ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

METHODSEighty-six cases of AS were randomly divided into an acupoint catgut embedding combined vessel pricking group (group A) and a medication group(group B), 43 cases in each group. In the group A, acupoint catgut embedding combined with vessel pricking therapy were applied at Shenshu(BL 23), Dazhu (BL 11) and Jiaji (EX-B 2) etc. The group B was treated with oral administration of Sulfasalazine (SASP). The treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Symptom score, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), the indices of morning stiff duration, Schober test, occiput to wall distance, chest expansion, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-response protein (CRP) were compared before and after treatment between two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the total effective rate was 83.7% (36/43) in the group A, which was superior to that of 70.0% (28/40) in the group B (P < 0.05). The improvements of all indices in two groups were more significant than those before treatment (all P < 0.01), and symptom score, Schober test score and VAS score in group A were superior to those in the group B (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in the group A.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut embedding combined with vessel pricking therapy for AS is preferable without any adverse effects, which is superior to that of oral administration of SASP.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Catgut ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the patients of vertically unstable pelvic fractures treated with percutaneous iliosacral screws fixation and to explore the operative techniques and its therapeutic efficacy.

METHODSFrom June 2002 to August 2009, 54 patients with vertical unstable pelvic fracture were fixed with percutaneous iliosacral screws. After operation, 46 patients were followed up more than 18 months. Among them, 32 patients were male and 14 patients were female, the average age was 36.4 years old (ranged from 19 to 64 years). The average time from injury to operation was 8.5 days (ranged from 7 to 11 days). All pelvic fractures had vertical dislocation ranging from 8 to 40 mm (averaged 28.5 mm). After admitted, all patients were applied bone traction. After recuction, the fractures were fixed with percutaneous iliosacral 7.3 mm cannulated screws, which crossed the iliac and sacral-iliac joint and sacral promontory to S(1)vertebrae. After operation, all patients took X-ray examination. The reduction and the fracture reduction were judged according to Matta criterion and clinical function was judged according to Majeed functional scoring.

RESULTSForty-six patients were followed up from 1.5 to 3 years with an average of 29 months. Fracture uninon was achieved in all patients. All patients got clinical recovery at mean time of 5.2 months and returned to normal daily life. According to Matta criterion for fracture reduction, the results were excellent in 40 cases and good in 6 cases. According to Majeed functional scoring, 32 patients were excellent, 12 good and 2 normal. There were no serious complications of vascular damage.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous iliosacral screw fixation is an effective technique with advantages of minimal invasive and faster recovery in the management of vertically unstable pelvic fractures.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult