Education of ultrasound professional postgraduate is an important way to cultivate high-quality,high-level ultrasound professionals. This paper has given the initial exploration on how to improve the quality of post-graduates,from such aspects as the clinical skills,research and innovation capability,and quality education etc.

OBJECTIVE:To study the in vitro dissolution of Enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agilent HC-C18 with mobile phase A of acetonitrle-phosphate buffer solution(70:30,V/V) and mobile phase B of acetonitrle-phosphate buffer solution(5:95,V/V)(gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 215 nm,column temperature was 50 ℃,and volume injection was 80 μl. Media were water,hydrochloric acid solution(pH 1.2),phosphate buffer solution(pH 5.0)and phosphate buffer solution(pH 6.8),medium volume was 900 ml and rotation speed was 50 r/min. The dissolution behavior of enalapril maleate in Enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet in 4 media were studied and compared with the dissolution behavior in vitro in original preparation of Enalapril maleate tablet,meanwhile,the dissolution behar-ior of folic acid in Enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet in phosphate buffer solution(pH 5.0)were studied and compared with dis-solution data of folic acid preparation in Japanese Orange Book to evaluate the intrinsic quality. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.561-14.03μg/ml for enalapril maleate(r=0.999 9)and 0.043-1.085μg/ml for folic acid(r=0.999 9),respectively;RSDs of pre-cision and stability tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries of enalapril maleate in 4 media were 100.63%-102.33%(RSD=0.72%, n=9),99.27%-100.44%(RSD=0.41%,n=9),99.71%-100.29%(RSD=0.15%,n=9)and 96.74%-99.19%(RSD=0.79%,n=9),respectively. Recoveries of folic acid were 100.18%-101.63%(RSD=0.48%,n=9),97.73%-101.81%(RSD=1.32%,n=9),99.60%-102.24%(RSD=0.74%,n=9)and 100.00%-102.76%(RSD=0.90%,n=9),respectively. In 15 min,the dissolution of enalapril maleate of 2 preparations in 4 dissolution media were more than 85%;dissolution speed of folic acid in Enalapril male-ate and folic acid tablet was faster than that in folic acid preparation in phosphate buffer solution(pH 5.0). CONCLUSIONS:The method is suitable to determine the dissolution of Enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet;the in vitro dissolution curve of enalapril maleate in Enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet is similar to Renitec,and the in vitro dissolution of folic acid is better than folic acid preparation.

Objective To analyze retrospectively the MR features of MELAS patients,in order to improve the early diagnosis of MELAS.Methods MR data of 1 6 MELAS patients confirmed by clinical diagnose and muscle biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. MR features of plain scan(n=1 6),ASL(n=3),MRA(n=1 5),DWI(n=14)and MRS(n=3)were analyzed.Results MRI data demonstrated brain lesions mainly distributed in posterior cerebral hemisphere extending to subcortical area,which was not consistent with the vascular supply territories.The lesions were observed as low signal on Spin-echo sequence of T1 WI,while high signal on T2 WI, FLAIR and DWI.The focal lesions showed increasing Lac peak on MRS.Fifteen of 16 patients underwent MRA and one showed increased arterial branches in lesion zones.Three patients had ASL scanning demonstrating high irrigation in lesion zones which would wander once relapsed.Meanwhile,old lesions showed encephalatrophy and cerebromalacia.All patients’muscle biopsy pathology showed ragged red muscle fibers.Under electron-microscopic,bioblasts were bigger and more than average level and muscle fibers atrophied.Mitochondrial DNA sequence of 3 patients showed mtDNA A3243G transgenation.Conclusion The DWI,MRS and ASL sequences show good ability in MELAS diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

AIM: To study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-1(NO/ET-1) and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: The changes of NO/ET-1 system and their relationship with hepatic I/R injury were compared between I/R group and IPC+I/R group in a rat hepatic I/R model. Two hours after reperfusion, the liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR to see whether there was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS:In the acute phase of hepatic reperfusion, the ratio of NO/ET-1 was reduced, which was due to a significant reduction of NO - 2/NO - 3 (the metabolic product of NO) and significant elevation of ET-1 in the blood plasma. The content of ALT, AST, LDH and TNF-? in blood plasma, and of MDA in liver tissue were increased but ATP in liver tissue was reduced, the hepatic damage was deteriorated. The protection of the hepatic IPC was concerned with the elevation of the ratio of NO/ET-1 caused by the elevation of NO - 2/NO - 3, and reduction of ET-1 as well. There was no iNOS mRNA detected in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Hepatic I/R injury is related to the disturbance of NO/ET-1. The protection of the hepatic IPC in the acute phase might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The cNOS rather than the iNOS generated the NO in this situation.

Objective The thesis is written for the purpose of getting understanding of the ultrasound clinical teaching statues. Methods Conducting cluster surveys through clinical graduates of Grade 2006 and the seven-year-program students of Grade 2002 of Guangzhou TCM. Data is analyzed through statistics of SPSS13.0. Results It shows that the time of students practicing in ultrasound division is generally and comparably less,and graduates are generally poor in ultrasound basic knowledge. At the same time,the teaching in ultrasound division has been considered to be normative,however,the teaching level of teachers are not in the same standard,and teaching contents are in poor targets,which will bring about adverse impacts to the professional studies for graduates. Conclusion Ultrasound Clinical Teaching Status of graduates is not optimistic for Guangzhou TCM,and we should regulate or make some adjustments of enhancing the teaching standards of teachers,teaching contents and teaching methods,etc.

The relationship between the hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the balance of nitric oxide/endothelins (NO/ET) was studied. The changes of the ratio of NO/ET and the hepatic injury were observed in a rat hepatic I/R model pretreated with several tool drugs. In the acute phase of hepatic I/R injury, the ratio of plasma NO/ET was reduced from 1.58 +/- 0.20 to 0.29 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.01) and the hepatic damage deteriorated. NO donor L-Arg and ET receptor antagonist TAK-044 could alleviate the hepatic I/R injury to some degree, whereas NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME aggravated the damage. It was concluded that the hepatic I/R injury might be related with the disturbance of the NO/ET balance. Regulation of this balance might have an effect on the I/R injury.
Arginine ; Endothelins/*blood ; Liver/*blood supply ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide/*blood ; Receptors, Endothelin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Reperfusion Injury/*blood

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; secretion ; Islets of Langerhans ; drug effects ; secretion ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats

BacKground:RectaI carcinoid is a rareIy seen neuroendocrine tumor. TiII now,there is controversiaI for the treatment modaIities of rectaI carcinoids with diameter between 1-2 cm. Aims:To study the expression of Ki-67 in rectaI carcinoids and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection. Methods:A totaI of 83 rectaI carcinoid patients with tumor diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm were enroIIed. AII patients were pathoIogicaIIy diagnosed and underwent endoscopic mucosaI resection from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013 at Chongqing Three Gorges CentraI HospitaI and Wuhan Tongji HospitaI. The medicaI records were retrospectiveIy reviewed and expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results:AII patients underwent preoperative endoscopic uItrasonography. Tumors were Iimited to mucosa or submucosa, and no muscuIaris propria invoIvement or metastasis was seen. The mean foIIow-up duration was 38 months,and no recurrence or metastasis occurred. Ki-67 was IowIy expressed in aII rectaI carcinoids(0. 84% ± 0. 67%). When tumors were grouped by size,no significant differences in gender,age,tumor site and Ki-67 expression IeveI were seen between <1. 0 cm group and 1. 0-1. 5 cm group(P >0. 05). Furthermore,when tumors were grouped by a cutoff vaIue of mean Ki-67 index 0. 84%,differences in cIinicopathoIogicaI parameters between the two groups were not significant either( P >0. 05 ). Conclusions:Ki-67 is IowIy expressed in rectaI carcinoids Iess than 1. 5 cm in diameter enroIIed in this study,which denoted an inactive proIiferation. For rectaI carcinoids with diameter Iess than 1. 5 cm,with Iow Ki-67 expression and without muscuIaris propria invoIvement and metastasis, IocaI endoscopic excision is an effective and safe treatment modaIity.

Objective To investigate clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) combined with thrombosis. Methods One case with refractory MPP associated with thrombosis was retrospectively analyzed with literature review. Results The patient presented with respiratory symptom at the onset, while melosalgia and decreased respiratory sound in left lung were occurred during anti-infection therapy. Thereafter, thrombosis of lower extremity veins and pulmonary embolism were confirmed by a series of examinations. Serum anti-phospholipid antibody was positive. Finally, the patient was treated with a combination of anticoagulation and immunosuppressive therapies. Conclusions The mechanism of refractory MPP combined with thrombosis may be associated with excessive inflammatory response and endothelial cells injury. The thrombosis complication should be suspected in patient of Mycoplasma pneumonia infection with positive anti-phospholipid antibody and low concentration of protein C and immunosuppressive therapy should be implemented promptly.

AIM: To investigate the effects of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) scaffolding domain peptide, cavtratin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse acute lung injury and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity.METHODS: Adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8 to 10): control, Antennapedia internalization sequence (AP), LPS, LPS+hemin, LPS+ hemin+cavtratin and LPS+hemin+cavtratin+zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) groups.After LPS administration for 24 h, the lung pathological changes, the wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio of lung tissues, total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured.The co-localization of HO-1 and Cav-1 was displayed by immunofluorescence, and the HO-1 activity were detected.The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and iNOS was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS: The mice in LPS+hemin+cavtratin group had the decreased interaction between HO-1 and Cav-1, and the increased HO-1 activity compare with LPS group (P<0.05).Compared with LPS group, the pulmonary damage was attenuated in LPS+hemin+cavtratin group, and the injury indexes, including W/D ratio, total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the serum, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines all decreased (P<0.05).HO-1 activity inhibitor ZnPP abolished the above protective effect of cavtratin on the lung tissues with LPS-induced acute lung injury.CONCLUSION: Cavtratin has beneficial effects on the lung with LPS-induced acute injury by restoring the HO-1 activity.