Objective To study on extraction and characteristics of ?-glucosidase inhibitor from Chlorella vulgaris.Methods The extracts were prepared by drying,degreasing and silica gel columniation washing with different organic solvents,and its pure degree and components were identified.The activities of the inhibitor and its effects on ?-glucosidase under different conditions were studied.Results The results showed that ?-glucosidase inhibitor from Chlorella vilgaris may be a kind of substance of hydroxybenzene.Conclusion The inhibitor showed potent inhibitive effection on ?-glucosidase,and belong to a mechanism of noncompetitive inhibition

Objective To observe the chronological and spatial expression of fibronectin(Fn)and TGF-?RⅡ in developing mouse glomeruli.Methods The expressions of Fn and TGF-?RⅡ were examined by immunohistochemical and stereological method in embryos(including fetal age of 12,14,16 and 18d)and postnatal mouse kidneys(including the age of 1,3,7,14,21,28 and 42d).Results Immunohistochemical results showed that at fetal age of 14d,Fn was stained in S-shaped corpuscles,but not stained in the comma-shaped corpuscles.After fetal age 16d,Fn was expressed in all stages of glomeruli except the comma-shaped corpuscles.TGF-?RⅡ was stained in all stages of glomeruli from fetal age 14d.Fn and TGF-?RⅡ were localized respectively in basement membrane and cell plasma of glomeruli.Stereological analysis showed that the expression of Fn was increased gradually in all stages of glomeruli with renal development,except in the comma-shaped corpuscles;also,the expression of TGF-?RⅡ increased gradually in all stages of glomeruli with renal development.Conclusion The expressions of Fn and TGF-?RⅡ in embryonic and postnatal mouse kidney show chronological and spatial sequence,implying that they might play a role in the development and maturation of renal glomeruli of mouse.

Objective To observe the chronological and spatial expressions of transforming growth factor-? receptor Ⅱ(TGF-?RⅡ) and fibronectin(Fn) in uriniferous tubules of mouse kidney and investigate the correlation of TGF-?RⅡ and Fn with development of uriniferous tubules.Methods The expressions and content changes of TGF-?RⅡ and Fn were examined by immunohistochemistry and stereological method in mouse kidneys on embryonic days 12,14,16 and 18 and postnatal days 1,3,7,14,21,28 and 42.Results The expression of TGF-?RⅡ was found in all stages of renal tubules and collecting ducts and increased gradually with the kidney development;however,the expressions were obvious in all stages of proximal tubules and collecting ducts,while little was observed in all stages of distal tubules.The expression of Fn was detected in all stages of renal tubules and collecting ducts and also increased gradually with the kidney development.Conclusion TGF-?RⅡ and Fn might play an important role in the development and maturation of uriniferous tubules of mouse kidney.

Put forward opinions and suggestions about characteristics of the new era of medical disputes pre -vention treatment through the analysis of a hospital in the past five years occurred in 44 medical disputes .We must fo-cus on innovation and long -term mechanism to prevent medical malpractice , medical malpractice to further improve the prevention, comprehensive mechanism , and continuously improve the effectiveness of medical dispute processing services.

Objective To evaluate the changes of ventricular synchrony in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)before and after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)by speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods Thirty patients with AMI were examined by traditional echocardiography and STI before and 5 d,1 month after PCI.Myocardial imaging of left ventricular apical long views and parasternal left ventricular short axis views were recorded and stored.The time to peak longitudinal systolic and diastolic strain rate(TS-SRL,TE-SRL)and to peak radial systolic and diastolic strain rate(TS-SRR,TESRR)were measured respectively.The differences of the maximum and minimum systolic and early diastolic peak time(TSL-diff,TER-diff)and the standard deviation(TSL-SD,TER-SD)in 18 longitudinal segments were calculated.And the differences and standard deviation of TS-SRR and TE-SRR(TSR-diff,TSR-SD,TER-diff,TER-SD)were calculated also.These parameters were compared before and after PCI.Results Compared with before and 5 d after PCI,the values of TSL-diff,TSL-SD,TEL-diff and TEL-SD in 1 month after PCI were decreased significantly(P＜0.01).TSR-diff,TSR-SD,TER-diff and TER-SD were decreased also and the differences had statistical significance(P＜0.01).The cardiac synchronized index and LVEF values showed good negative correlation.Conclusions The systolic and diastolic synchrony of left ventricle in AMI patients was abnormal.STI can evaluate left ventricular synchronized function and the changes before and after PCI to assess the effect of PCI.

Pressure ulcer care were always the focus and difficulty of nursing work.Timely and effective care were helpful to promote the repair of pressure ulcer.This article described and compared the different stages of system pressure sores assessment.This article mainly summarized the effective nursing methods at every stage of pressure ulcer at present,which were helpful to carry out evidence-based care and improve the quality of nursing.

Filamentous fungi are widely used for large-scale production of cellulases. Morphological characteristics of mycelia under submerged condition are closely correlated with cellulases productivity. In order to find out the critical genes involved in the mycelial morphology development and cellulases production in liquid fermentation, 95 Neurospora crassa morphological mutants (named as SZY1-95) were screened for cellulases production. Compared with the wild type, cellulases production in four mutants SZY32, SZY35, SZY39 and SZY43 were significantly decreased, whereas mutants SZY63, SZY69, SZY87 and SZY11 produced much more cellulases than that of the wild type strain. Meanwhile, endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity, beta-glucosidase activity, viscosity of broth and dry weight of these mutants were measured. The mycelial morphology of the mutants was also studied by microscope. Particularly, pellets were formed in mutant SZY11 and SZY43, whose viscosities were 25% and 50% of the wild type strain, respectively. Mutant SZY87 appeared long hyphae, and the viscosity of its broth was at least 2 folds of the wild type strain. These results indicate that a single gene deletion could influence the mycelial morphology in liquid fermentation, and increased the cellulases production. The low-viscosity related genes identified in our study will be the potential candidates for genetic modification of filamentous fungi.
Cellulases ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; Gene Deletion ; Industrial Microbiology ; Neurospora crassa ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the pathological features,diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant melanoma in esophagus (PMME).Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with PMME who were admitted to the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2008 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received esophageal barium radiography,electronic fiberesophagoscopy,esophageal endoscopic ultrasonography,computed tomography,and underwent surgery.Adjuvant therapy and immunotherapy were applied postoperatively.Results The results of barium radiography showed irregular filling defect presentation in the distal esophagus.The results of endoscopy showed a purple black tumor with a length of 3-8 cm in the esophagus.The results of endoscopic ultrasonography showed that the tumor was derived from the mucosal layer with low echo density.The results of computed tomography showed thickness of the lower segment of the esophagus.All the 3 patients received left thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed malignant melanoma.The expressions of Mart-1,HMB-45 and S-100 antigen were positive.The survival time of 2 patients was longer than 3 years,and 1 patient died of metastasis 6 months after operation.Conclusions PMME is a kind of rare and malignant tumor with dismal prognosis.Surgical management is the first choice,adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy are hopeful to increase the survival time of the patients.

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic value of speckle-tracking imaging (STI) between dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM).Methods 40 DCM patients,32 ICM patients and 30 normal controls were enrolled for this study.Different views of high frame images of left ventricle were recorded.The time to peak radial strain,circumferential strain and longitudinal strain of 18 myocardial segments were measured by STI,and the maximum differential (Ts-dif) and the standard deviation(Ts-SD) of time to the peak strain were calculated.The left ventricular parameters measured by STI were compared between DCM and ICM,and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were investigated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results Parameters of different segments of ICM were obviously higher than those of DCM (P ＜ 0.05),and there were significant differences between ICM and DCM.The areas under the ROC curves of Ts-dif and Ts-SD to radial strain were 0.920 and 0.946 respectively.At the cut off of 170 ms and 53 ms for diagnosing DCM and ICM,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 87.5％,87.5％,87.5％ and 90.6％,90％,90.2％ respectively.Conclusions These strain parameters by STI,especially Ts-SD to peak strain can offer a new quantitative diagnostic method in distinguishing DCM from ICM.

Objective To investigate the global and regional dyssynchrony of left ventricle in patients with coronary artery disease before and after revascularization by tissue synchronization imaging(TSI).Methods Subjects with the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)stenosis＞75% who underwent revascularization(n=26)and normal controls(n=30)were studied with TSI.Echocardiography was performed one day before revascularization,then repeated one month and three month after the operation,respectively.The sample volumes were located at the mid-myocardium of base and middle segments in apical four-,two- and three-chamber view of left ventricle.The time-to-peak velocity(Tp)of all myocardial segments were examined to access the regional dyssynchrony,and the standard deviations of Tp of 12 segments(TSD)were calculated to evaluate the global dyssynchrony.Results Before revascularization,Tp of segments in the anterior wall and the interventricutar septum in patients were more delayed than those of control group(P＜0.01),and the color coding of ischemic segments were red and yellow.After operation,Tp of delayed segments were significant improved,and the color coding turn to yellow or even green,but there was still significant difference of Tp between disease group and control group(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).TSD decreased gradually on the preoperatative,early postoperative,and later postoperative echocardiogram,and it on each time point of the disease group were all longer than that of control group.An improvement of TSD was observed after revascularization,especially for the three month examination(P＜0.01),but the difference between early and later postoperation was not significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions The asynchronous motion of LV is very obvious in CAD patients.After revascularization,both global and regional dyssynchrony were improved gradually.Moreover,TSI is a convenient and non-invasive way to quantitate left ventricular asynchrony with the parameters.