ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism and prevention of invisible injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) system in thyroid surgery, with the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring ( IONM ) system. MethodsThe type of invisible RLN injury and its protection with the application of IONM system were analyzed. ResultsThe causes of invisible RLN injury mainly included stretching of Berry ligament or the tumor,contusion, thermal injury, cutting of silk and suction injury. RLN invisible injury was recoverable through neurotrophic and symptomatic treatment. No permanent vocal cord paralysis occurred. ConclusionsWith the application of IONM system, some invisible type of RLN injuries can be found. The risk of RLN injury can be reduced if the surgical techniques are improved with the development of study on mechanism of IONM system.

The basic theory of Higher Order Spectral Analysis and the most generally used Bispectrum are introduced in the paper. By certain experiments of EEG signal acquisition and bispectrum analysis, it is showed that the Higher Order Spectrum has an advantage over power spectrum, which is based on Second Order Statistics, in processing non-linear signal and restraining Gauss noise signal.
Electroencephalography ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Many researches have proved that auditory evoked potentials (AEP) can indicate the depth of anesthesia in the clinical practice. This paper introduces two methods of extracting AEP: the moving time average (MTA) model and the autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX). In our study we used both the MTA model and the ARX model to extract AEP and the results show that using the ARX model can get the results significantly faster than using the MTA model, and the ARX model is more suitable for the real-time monitoring of the anesthetic depth.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; physiology ; Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

With the aging and changes in living conditions,the incidence rate and mortality of tumors have been rising rapidly,which has become a hot topic in the medical field.At present,the treatment methods or tumors are also improving day by day,mainly relying on surgical resection.However,the characteristics of fast tumor metastasis and spread,as well as complex growth locations,make the surgical resection method limited.More and more people choose drug targeted therapy for tumors in order to reduce surgical side effects,among which cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthase interferon gene stimulatory factor(cGAS-STING signaling pathway)plays an important role in the occurrence,proliferation,and survival of tumor cells.At present,there are many types of drugs used to treat tumors,but most of them have limited control over tumor spread.In order to study the role of traditional Chinese medicine in tumor treatment and leverage its multi-component,multi target,and multi pathway characteristics,this article comprehensively analyzes and summarizes the treatment of tumors using traditional Chinese medicine based on the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in recent years,in order to further study the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients in the cGAS-STING signaling pathway,it also provides ideas for clinical research on new drugs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; China ; Disasters ; statistics & numerical data ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; psychology ; surgery ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; psychology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 90% portal branch ligation on liver regeneration and expression of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in rats.

METHODSNinety-six SD rats were randomly divided into Sham-PBL group and portal vein branches ligation group. The weight of both ligated and unligated lobes of liver were measured at post operation day (POD) 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The morphological changes of the non-ligated liver lobes were observed by microscope. The expression of PCNA, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 of the non-ligated liver lobes were studied by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS1) 95.8% rats survived from the ligation of 90% portal branch. Hepatic lobe at the ligated side diminished progressively after ligation, whereas the lobes of the unligated side underwent compensatory regeneration. The ratio of non-ligated lobes weight to the whole liver increased slowly within 1d, speeded up significantly during 1-5d period, increased slowly after POD5, and got the plateau stag at POD7; 2) PCNA index were markedly increased within POD 0.5-3 (P < 0.01). It reached the peak at POD5 and decreased slightly at POD7, but still higher than Sham-PBL group level, then gradually returned to normal. 3) The expression of MMP2,MMP9 and TIMP2 in the non-ligated liver lobes were markedly increased at 1d. It reached the peak at POD7 and gradually returned to normal within POD7-28. 4) The MMP2 and PCNA in liver had a positive correlation at POD 0.5, 1, 5, 7, 14. The expressions of MMP9 and PCNA had a positive correlation at POD 0.5, 1, 7, 21.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of TIMP2 and PCNA had a positive correlation at POD1, 7, 14, 21. The expression of MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 of the non-ligated liver lobes is markedly increased at POD1. It reaches the peak at POD7, and dropped to normal level gradually. The expressions of MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 and PCNA were correlated in 90% portal branch Ligation rats. The expression of MMP2,MMP9 and TIMP2 may play a pivotal role in liver regeneration.

Animals ; Ligation ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Portal Vein ; surgery ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the numerical aberration of chromosome X, Y and 18 in the spermatozoa of asthenospermia patients by triple-color fluorescence in situ hybridization.

METHODSThe experiment included 10 asthenospermia patients and 5 healthy men with normal semen quality as controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and probes for chromosomes including X, Y and 18 were used to determine the frequency of the aneuploid of the chromosomes in spermatozoa.

RESULTSOf the 45,547 spermatozoa counted from the semen samples, the hybridization rate was 99.18%. The frequencies of the chromosome disomies including XX18, XY18, YY18, X1818 and Y1818 were (0.124 +/- -0.086)%, (0.360 +/- 0.380)%, (0.109 +/- 0.195)%, (0.342 +/- 0.746)% and (0.299 +/- 0.564)% in the case group and (0.014 +/- 0.019)%, (0.090 +/- 0.080)%, (0.030 +/- 0.031)%, (0.068 +/- 0.103)% and (0.075 +/- 0.083)% in the control. The sperm aneuploid rate was 9.25% in the former and 2.70% in the latter, with significant difference in between (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAsthenospermia patients have a higher aneuploid rate of sperm chromosome than normal fertile men. However, larger samples are yet to be studied to obtain more scientific evidence.

Aneuploidy ; Asthenozoospermia ; genetics ; Chromosome Painting ; methods ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the quantity and the pathway to damage hematopoietic cells of CD8+CD25+ and CD8+ HLA-DR+ effector T cells in peripheral blood (PB) of severe aplastic anemia(SAA) patients and explore the immunopathogenesis of SAA.

METHODSThe quantity of CD8+ CD25+ and CD8+ HLA-DR+ cells in PB and the expressions of perforin, granzyme B, tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) and FasL in 29 SAA (14 untreated and 15 recovered) patients and 12 normal controls were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe fraction of CD8+ CD25+ T cells in CD8+ T cells was (3.67 +/- 2.58)% in untreated SAA patients, (5.19 +/- 4. 29)% in recovered patients and (4.84 +/- 2.31)% in normal controls, and that of CD8+ CD25+ T cells in CD3+ cells in the three groups was (2.25 +/- 1.35)%, (2.98 +/- 1.35)% and (2.11 +/- 1.88)%, respectively. They had no statistic difference among the 3 groups (P >0.05). The fraction of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells in CD8+ T cells was (39.30 +/- 8.13)% in untreated patients, which was significantly higher than that in recovered patients [(20.65 +/- 5.38)%] and controls [(18.34 +/- 6.68)%] (P<0.001), while there was no statistic difference between the latter two groups (P>0.05). CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells in CD3+ cells was (27.81 +/- 7.10)% in untreated group, which was significantly higher than that of recovered group [(12.02 +/- 3.03)%] and controls [(8.50 +/-2.33)%] (P<0.01). And that in recovered group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The expressions of perforin, granzyme B, TNF-beta and FasL of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells in untreated group were 8.51%, 96.08%, 72.11% and 94.25% respectively, which were higher than those in recovered group (1.78%, 85.20%, 34.38% and 51.20%) and controls (1.86%, 82.09% ,17.92% and 32.91%). There was no statistic difference between recovered patients and controls (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere were elevated quantity of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells and high expressions of perforin, granzyme B, TNF-beta and FasL in SAA, which might contribute to the bone marrow failure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Female ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphotoxin-alpha ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perforin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens in the genital tract of infertile female,and comparing traditional methods with simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) in the detection of UU,CT,NG and MG.Methods 467 female infertility patients were selected from the reproductive center of Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University between June and September 2016 to analyze the distribution of UU,CT,MG and NG.The age was between 20 to 48 years old (mean 31.52±6.83 years old).352 cases of female patients with assisted reproductive technology were selected,aged from 21 to 46 years old (mean 30.67±6.67 years old).The swabs were tested by traditional methods or SAT.The sensitivity and specificity of the methods in detecting the pathogens were evaluated according to the experimental results.Results Among the 467 infertile women,the number of UU positive cases was the highest,the positive rate was 62.53％ (292/467),the positive rate of CT was 1.93％ (9/467) and the positive rate of NG was 0.21％ (1/467),and the positive rate of MG was 1.71％ (8/467).UU infection rate was higher in infertile women than normal control group 23.81％ (25/105) (x2 =52.01,P＜0.01).352 cases of female patients with assisted reproductive technology were selected for further analysis.For UU detection,the positive rate of swab samples detected by liquid culture was 48.9％,while the positive rate detected by SAT was 63.9％.Obviously the positive rate of SAT was higher than that of liquid culture.Swab culture and SAT results were analyzed by paired x2 test (x2 =41.93,P＜0.01).The positive rate of CT SAT was 1.71％,and the positive rate of CT-latex method was 0.28 ％.There was significant difference between CT latex method and SAT (Fisher exact probabilistic method statistical analysis,P＜0.005),which indicated that SAT method had a higher sensitivity.The positive rate (1.7 ％) and sensitivity (100％) of SAT were also higher than that of traditional method.Conclusion UU was the most common pathogen in female reproductive tract pathogens,followed by CT and MG.The SAT method has higher sensitivity than the conventional method in detecting of UU and CT.

Objective To express and purify H5N1 influenza virus (A/Anhui/1/2005) NP in prokaryotic system and to explore the NP-interacting proteins of human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B in vitro . Methods The full length H5N1 NP gene fragment was amplified by PCR, inserted into prokaryotic expression vector(pET30a) to generate NP expression plasmid pET30a-NP. After transforming pET30a-NP into E. coli (BL21), the expression of soluble NP protein was induced by IPTG. The expressed NP protein was purified by two steps with metal chelation chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. Then the total proteins of BEAS-2B cells was extracted for screening the components which have protein-protein interaction with purified NP by pull-down and LC-MS/MS methods. Results The expression of H5N1 NP protein could be induced by IPTG in bacterial system using expression plasmid pET30a-NP. The soluble NP was purified. Twenty proteins were found by pull-down and LC-MS/MS, the further experiments may be needed to prove protein-protein interaction between them. Conclusion The soluble H5N1 NP fusion protein with high purity was obtained and twenty proteins were found which could interact with it by pull-down and LC-MS/MS.