Chitosan have applied extensively in the field of medicine. We review the mechanism of chitosan hemostasis. The effect of chitosan on hemostasis is independent of all known“Cascade-like”coagulation pathways,induding platelets and soluble coagulant factors. Chitosan induce hemostasis by coalesce erythrocytes to one another to form a blood clot. In addition,the use of chitosan in hemostat is indicated in this paper.

The effects of chitosan and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan on blood hemostasis are tested.The dynamic blood coagulation experiments show chitsan with low deacetylation degree has higher absorption ability.The experiments can't find that any altered red blood cell morphology or an unusual affinity between erythrocytes appears evidently in the ACD blood treated with chitosan.The concentration of the platelets on the chitosan surface may be one of causes that platelets produce blood coagulation.Chitosan is substituted by the carboxymethyl and has water solubility.But N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan can lead torouleau and not toaltering the morphology of the erythrocyte.The blood hemostasis effect is not obvious.The values of TT,PT,APTT and FIB are measured from blood and the results fail toprove that chitosan and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan can activate the coagulation factors.

Environmental physiological method adopted, the ergonomic experiment is to seek the best parameter of the protective hood structural size, on which the structure design of the protective hood will be based, through the analysis of the organic relationship between the microenvironment of power air-purifying medical protective hood and the body's physiological characteristics. The changes of such indexes due to different air currents are analyzed as the oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature and humidity in the microenvironment. The changes of testees' physiological parameters and their responses to psychological loads and body strengths are paid attention to. The results show the hood can meet the testees' demands with proper air current.

Objective Study and determine the suitable negative pressure condition for a negative pressure isolator. Method The filter efficiency, pressure, capabilities of inner environment and physiological parameters of the user were tested in different negative pressure conditions. Results The different negative pressure conditions influence above mentioned capabilities of the isolator considerably except for the filter efficiency Conclusion Under the conditions of -30Pa～-50Pa,those are optimized the capabilities of inner environment and physiological parameters of the user.

Purpose The research was conducted to evaluate the stability of N-terminal site-specific PEGylated uricase. Methods The enzyme activity is used as an index to evaluate the thermal stability (at 4-80 ℃) , the pH stability, the ability of avoiding the trypsin digestion and half-life in vivo of PEG-uricase, then it is compared with uricase. Results PEGylated uricase is thermally more stable than uricase between 4 ℃ and 60 ℃, but at 70 ℃, the enzyme activity of both PEG-uricase and uricase decreases sharply. In the test of pH stability, the curve of uricase shows an obvious decrease of enzyme activity at 5 .2-6.0 and 9.2-10.0. The behavior of PEG-uricase indicates that the destabilizing was prevented effectively by PEGylation. The test of anti-trypsin digestion suggests that PEG-uricase retains 70% of its enzyme activity,but uricase only 20% ,200 minutes after being reserved in trypsin solution. Stability in vivo indicates that the half-life of PEG-uricase is 1 530 min and uricase, only 45 min. Conclusion PEGylated uricase has improved thermal stability, the pH stability, ability of protecting from trypsin digestion and stability in vivo.

25% or decrease by 15%,at termination ofTCI propofol and 5 rain after termination for determination of arterial plasma propofol concentrations which werecompared with the values predicted by the TCI system.Performance was determined by the median performanceerror(MDPE),the mean absolute performance error(MDAPE),the divergence and the wobble.Results A totalof 200 blood samples were taken.The mean value for MDPE was 14.9%(-21.6%-42.9%),for MDAPE23.3%(6.9%-62.5%),for divergence -1.9%?h~(-1)(-32.7%?h~(-1)-23.0%?h~(-1))and for wobble 18.9%(4.2%-59.6%).PE did not increase with time but with increasing target propofol concentration.ConclusionThe anesthesia was satisfactory in all patients.The predictive performance of Diprifusor TCI system is consideredacceptable for clinical purposes.The wobble is relatively big,for Chinese patients the pharmacokinetic model needsimproving.

Objective:To establish a simple HPLC method for the determination of warfarin in human plasma and analyze the re-sults of 100 monitoring reports. Methods:Warfarin was extracted from the plasma samples by acetonitrile. The extract was separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm)with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0. 1% acetic acid (65∶35) at flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 and detected by a diode array detector. The detection wavelength was at 308nm and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0. 1-5. 12μg·ml-1 . The average recovery and RSD was ranged from 85. 0% to 102. 3% and 1. 2% to 3. 9%(n=6), respectively. Inter-and intra-day RSD were 1. 1%-1. 8% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively. Conclusion:The proposed method is rapid, convenient and accurate in the detection of warfarinin concentration in plasma.

Medical care on the battlefield is the core and basis of echelons of care.This review summarizes the background and characteristics of medical care units on the battlefield from the birth and growth of mobile army surgical hospitals before being replaced by forward surgical teams and combat support hospitals, since the United States Armed Forces began to lead the world military revolution during and after the World WarⅡ.Quick adaptation to the combat envi-ronment and the combat modes is the main reason that medical care units on the battlefield are adjusted continuously.This paper may provide some ideas for the development of our medical care units on the battlefield in the future.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of detecting hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) children's cardiac enzymes and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).Methods One hundred and fiftytwo HFMD children were selected as observation group,and 56 cases of healthy children were selected as control group.Cardiac enzymes and NSE levels were compared between two groups.Results The levels of aspartic transaminase(AST),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isozyme-MB(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-HBDH),and NSE in observation group were (40.4 ± 14.8)U/L,(109.9 ± 87.5) U/L,(47.0 ± 29.4) U/L,(316.9 ± 119.2) U/L,(256.2 ± 96.1) U/L,(30.9 ± 18.2) μ g/L,and in control group were (24.5 ± 9.2) U/L,(77.4 ± 32.5) U/L,(15.4 ± 7.4) U/L,(134.0 ± 34.4) U/L,(131.1 ± 37.7)U/L,(9.8 ± 4.6) μ g/L.The differences between two groups were statistical significance(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The heart and nervous system lesions of HFMD children can be found through detecting cardiac enzymes and NSE early,which provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the mechanism on integration of health care services at the county and town-ship level from the perspective of stakeholder theory. Methods: The stakeholder interest demand was determined by word frequency analysis of interview data from stakeholders in the three regions of Qianjiang, Huangpi, and Zhen-jiang;the degree of attention and gains and losses of stakeholders towards various demands was investigated from the three regions through interest demand questionnaires;the impact of demand benefits on behavioral responses has been evaluated through comprehensive evaluation theory and game theory. Results:Regional integration policies reflect the interest demands of stakeholders in varying degrees; the higher were the scores of demand benefits in interest de-mands questionnaires, the stronger was the willingness of stakeholders to coordinate integration policies. Conclusion:The policies of integration of health care services in rural China should consider all stakeholder interest demands;the better the interest demands of the stakeholders are satisfied, the stronger their motivation for integration reform will be, which may affect the implementation effects of local integration reforms to some extent.