Objective: To study review the experience of the preparation method of total nutrient admixture(TNA).Methods: 273 patients receive TNA in 2005.More than 4 200 bags of TNA were prepared.Results: There were no infusion reaction and complication in clinical application because of unsuitable preparation.100 bags of TNA were detected for bacteris and all were negative.Conclusion: The ingredients of parenteral nutrition are various and the preparation is important.Strict aseptic technique and preparation procession are wanted.

RNA interference(RNAi) is an high efficient,specific gene silencing.The discovery process of RNAi and its mechanism was reviewed.In the further,RNAi will play important roles in characterizing new genes in the metabolic pathways,improving plant nutritional value,enhancing plant resistance and creating new varieties.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of aged men with hyperinsulinemia, and to explore its influence factors. Methods 521 aged persons belonging to the high-risk population of diabetes mellitus (DM) were given 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and then divided into hyperinsulinemia group and normal insulin group according to the plasma insulin levels. Clinical features, glucose metabolism state, constituent ratio, complicating diseases, ? cell function and insulin resistance were compared between the two groups. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR, and ? cell function was determined by HOMA-?. The relationship between glycometabolic change and body weight was analyzed in hyperinsulinemia patients for a period of 2-10 years. Results 195 cases were in hyperinsulinemia group, and 326 cases were in normal insulin group. Compared with the latter, the subjects in hyperinsulinemia group showed higher values of BMI, waistline, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial glucose (2hPBG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP)(P

To investigate the clinical risk factors of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in type 2 DM, Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed on 63 male patients.With a routine 2 dimensional echocardiograph, mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocity were recorded. The patients were classified into DM, IGT and NGT based on well standardized criteria of WHO. All analyses were performed by the SPSS/PC or Windows Release 9.0 Statistical Package. The risk factors of impairment of diastolic function were analyzed by regression. Results showed that the levels of blood glucose and insulin were independent risk factors for diabetic cardiac diastolic dysfunction.

In order to explore the clinical feature, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas, we reviewed 98 cases of adrenal incidentalomas for which adrenalectomy was performed in our hospital from 1993 to 2002. It was found that the average age of the patients was 48 years old, 16 cases (16 3%) had no specific symptoms, and others were incidentally diagnosed. Of the 98 cases, 18 (18 4%) were malignant lesions, including 8 metastatic cancers, 8 adrenal carcinomas and 4 lymphangioma, and 80 were benign lesions. Twenty one cases were functioning adrenal adenoma. Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or MIBG were effective methods to detect adrenal incidentalomas.

In order to investigate the distribution and diagnosis of adrenal tumors, 282 cases of patients who had undergone adrenalectomy in our hospital from March 1993 to December 2001 were reviewed. There were 147 (52 1%) women and 135 (47 9%) men, with a mean age of 43 6?13 0 (3～75) years. Of the 282 patients, 83 patients (29 4%) were operated on because of hyperaldosteronism, 59 (20 9%) pheochromocytoma, 27 (9 5%) hypercortisolism, 105 (37 2%) incidentaloma, 36 (12 8%) malignant tumors and 13 (4 6%) for other reasons. The average diameter of adrenal tumors was 4 8?3 4 (0 3～22 5)cm. The size of tumor mass was smallestin hyperaldosteronism, while the largest was malignant tumor. The conformation rate of the preoperative diagnosis and pathological findings was 65 2%.

Objective To investigate the distribution and expression of adiponectin receptors in different tissues of normal Wistar rats. Methods The rats were euthanized and the total RNA was extracted from equal weight tissue samples of cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, testicle and fat. RT-PCR was employed to amplify the isolated cDNA, and the expression of adiponectin receptors in different tissues was semi-quantitatively analyzed. Results AdipoR1 was observed in rat cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, testicle and fat, with the highest expression in testicle and fat (P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of detecting peripheral artery disease (PAD) using ankle-brachial index (ABI) determined by an electronic sphygmomanometer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Method The brachial blood pressure and the ankle blood pressure were measured in each upper limbs and lower limbs by the Doppler ultrasound method and the electronic sphygmomanometer method in fifty-nine DM patients who were selected from Department of Geriatric Endocrinology of General Hospital of PLA. ABI was calculated with the formula of ABI = ankle systolic blood pressure/ brachial systolic blood pressure. The measurement data were expressed as x?s. Then the data of systolic pressure and ABI were analyzed by paired Student's t tests and correlations. The related diagnosis criteria of PAD, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the global accuracy were calculated. Furthermore, the correlation of brachial blood pressure as measured by the electronic sphygmomanometer and the mercury column sphygmomanometer was compared. Results There were no significant differences but good correlations between the data of systolic pressures and ABI obtained as measured by two methods. The correlation for systolic pressure was: right upper limbs 0.92, P

objective To understand the clinical features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly patients, as well as the medicine used for treatment and the distribution of abnormal metabolic components. Methods Totally 349 T2DM patients admitted from 2001 to 2005 were retrospectively studied, among them 194 patients were combined with MS. The clinical data of those 194 patients were analyzed to evaluate their clinical feature, medicine used and the distribution of several abnormal metabolic components. of T2DM combined with MS. Results The proportion of MS in the elderly T2DM patients was 55.6%. Body mass index (BMI), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), blood pressure and triglyceride (TG) were higher than that in those patients of T2DM without MS, while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower (P

Objectives To compare the value of different criteria (WHO, IDF and CDS criteria) on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the elderly people. Methods 2 456 elderly patients admitted to General Hospital of PLA for routine physical examination during 1996 to 2005 were involved in present study. The value of different criteria (WHO, IDF and CDS criteria) on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) was compared. Results The incidences of MS in the involved patients were 27.2%, 27.0% and 42.6%, respectively, according to WHO, IDF and CDS criteria. The diagnostic coincidence of CDS and IDF criteria was 79.0%. For the 1759 cases with the waistline data, the incidences of MS were 32.3%, 37.8% and 53.8%, respectively, according to the above three criteria. The diagnostic coincidence of CDS and IDF criteria was 76.5 %. According to the criteria of WHO, IDF and CDS, central obesity was detectable in a rate of 35.9%, 49.6% and 52.2%, respectively. Hypertension was diagnosed in a rate of 61.6%, 72.4% and 61.6%, and abnormal glucose metabolism was found in a rate of 24.9%, 40.5% and 24.9%, respectively. The most common clinical symptom complex of MS was hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal lipid metabolism. Conclusions A higher coincidence exists between CDS and IDF criteria for MS, but the incidence of MS is higher in CDS criterion compared to WHO and IDF criteria. It is indicated that more attention should be paid on the measurement of the waistline in the elderly people. It seems more appropriate that the waistline data in CDS criterion should be modified from 85cm to 90cm for the elderly people, however, this should be verified by more epidemiological investigation.