Objective To explore the correlation of fatigue with health-promoting lifestyle in the udnergraduate students, so as to provide scientific evidence for the intervention. Methods A cross-section trial was carried out in the undergraduate students from a medical university in Guangzhou. By a self-designed questionnaire, the incidence of fatigue in the undergraduate students was figured out after data processing and statistical analysis. Results A total of 6 100 questionnaires were released, and 5 843 were responded, with a respondent rate being 95.79%. The number of effective questionnaires arrived 5 676. The results showed that the prevalence of fatigue among undergraduate students was 49.6%. The female had a higher risk than the male ( 51.6% vs 45.8%, P<0.01). The prevalence of fatigue in grade 1-3 students was 49.4%, 48.1% and 52.1% , respectively, the difference being insignificant among the three grades (P>0.05). The students with poor level of health-promoting lifestyle had a higher risk of suffering from fatigue (OR=6.647, 95%CI: 4.913-8.993). Conclusion Fatigue is prevalent among the undergraduate students. The incidence of fatigue can be reduced by increasing the level of self-actualization, physical exercise and pressure management.

ObjectiveTo analysis the clinical features of thoracic spine and spinal cord injury (SCI) and summarize the inclusive standard of cellular transplant clinical trial for SCI.MethodsThe data of 72 cases with thoracic spine and spinal cord injury from 1990 to 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsMean follow-up period was 20 months (6～48 months). There was no recovery in 12 spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) patients, but improvement of urine function in 4 cases. 5 cases of 52 fracture-dislocation complete injury were improved to grade B (sense recovery), rate of recovery was 9.6%; recovery rate was 62.5% in incomplete injury. Sense recovery of all cases was better than motor recovery. Partial cases appeared spasm paralysis relief.ConclusionIncidence rate of complete injury is high and recovery is bad in thoracic spine and spinal cord injury. The inclusive standard of cellular transplant clinical trial for SCI is old complete thoracic spinal cord injury without residual compression.

OBJECTIVETo study the transfer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) using four simulated marine food chains: dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense --> Artemia Artemia salina --> Mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis; A. tamarense --> N. awatschensis; A. tamarense --> A. salina --> Perch Lateolabrax japonicus; and A. tamarense --> L. japonicus.

METHODSThe ingestion of A. tamarense, a producer of PST, by L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina was first confirmed by microscopic observation of A. tamarense cells in the intestine samples of the three different organisms, and by the analysis of Chl.a levels in the samples. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly through the vector of A. salina was then studied. The toxicity of samples was measured using the AOAC mouse bioassay method, and the toxin content and profile of A. tamarense were analyzed by the HPLC method.

RESULTSBoth A. salina and N. awatschensis could ingest A. tamarense cells. However, the ingestion capability of A. salina exceeded that of N. awatschensis. After the exposure to the culture of A. tamarense (2000 cells x mL(-1)) for 70 minutes, the content of Chl.a in A. salina and N. awatschensis reached 0.87 and 0.024 microg x mg(-1), respectively. Besides, A. tamarense cells existed in the intestines of L. japonicus, N. awatschensis and A. salina by microscopic observation. Therefore, the three organisms could ingest A. tamarense cells directly. A. salina could accumulate high content of PST, and the toxicity of A. salina in samples collected on days 1, 4, and 5 of the experiment was 2.18, 2.6, and 2.1 MU x g(-1), respectively. All extracts from the samples could lead to death of tested mice within 7 minutes, and the toxin content in artemia sample collected on the 1st day was estimated to be 1.65 x 10(-5) microg STX equal/individual. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly from the vector of A. salina was also studied. The mice injected with extracts from L. japonicus and N. awatschensis samples that accumulated PST either directly or indirectly showed PST intoxication symptoms, indicating that low levels of PST existed in these samples.

CONCLUSIONParalytic shellfish toxins can be transferred to L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina from A. tamarense directly or indirectly via the food chains.

Animals ; Artemia ; drug effects ; Cell Count ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Eukaryota ; drug effects ; Feeding Behavior ; drug effects ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Hydrolysis ; Marine Toxins ; analysis ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mollusca ; chemistry ; Paralysis ; chemically induced

AIMTo develop a high throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

METHODSICAM-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cells was measured by ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was measured by MTT.

RESULTSLipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Two thousand compounds were screened and the hit rate was 1.5%. Among these 30 compounds, 24 were cytotoxic.

CONCLUSIONThe ELISA method was inexpensive, reproducible and suitable for high throughput primary cell assay. This assay was feasible to identify inhibitors of ICAM-1 and simultaneously discriminate the activity from the cytotoxic effects.

Cell Adhesion Molecules ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo construct small interfering (siRNA) Sox9 expression plasmid and transfer it into human chondrosarcoma cells HTB-94, and to check the mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 and cell growth and apoptosis of HTB-94 human chondrosarcoma cells.

METHODSsiRNA(Sox9) expression plasmid was designed and synthesized. And it was transferred into HTB-94 human chondrosarcoma cells. Then the expression of the mRNA and protein of Sox9, cell growth and apoptosis in transferred HTB-94 human chondrosarcoma cells were checked.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid was confirmed by enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing. The expression of the mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 in transferred HTB-94 were significantly reduced. The cell growth of HTB-94 was inhibited, and the apoptosis of HTB-94 was remarkably increased.

CONCLUSIONsiRNA (Sox9) expression plasmid could be transferred into HTB-94 human chondrosarcoma cells. And it can reduce the mRNA and protein expression of the HTB-94, inhibit the cell growth and cause the apoptosis of the tumor cells.

Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Chondrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Plasmids ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in clinicopathologic features of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by Aspergillus and Mucorales, and to discuss the pathogenesis of tissue injury induced by these two kinds of fungi.

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic features of 19 patients with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis due to Aspergillus (group A) and 16 patients with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis due to Mucorales (group M) were retrospectively reviewed. HE, PAS and GMS stains were performed on all the paraffin-embedded tissues. The diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination and microbiological culture results.

RESULTSAmongst the group A patients, the clinical course was acute in 4 cases and chronic in 15 cases. Thirteen cases had underlying predisposing conditions, including diabetes (number = 4), malignant tumor (number = 5), history of trauma (number = 1) and radical maxillary sinus surgery (number = 3). Follow-up information was available in 13 patients. Seven of them died, 4 due to fungal encephalopathy and 3 due to underlying diseases. Amongst the group M patients, the clinical course was acute in 14 cases and chronic in 2 cases. Fourteen cases had underlying predisposing conditions, including diabetes (number = 8), malignant tumor (number = 5) and history of wisdom tooth extraction (number = 1). Follow-up information was available in 14 patients. Four of them died of fungal encephalopathy. There was significant difference in clinical onset between the two groups (P = 0.01). There was however no difference in terms of underlying predisposing conditions and disease mortality. Histologically, the microorganisms in group A patients formed fungal masses and attached to the mucosal surface, resulting in necrotic bands (11/19). Epithelioid granulomas were conspicuous but multinucleated giant cells were relatively rare. Deep-seated necrosis, granulomatous inflammation against fungal organisms (3/19) and vasculitis with thrombosis (4/19) were not common. On the other hand, large areas of geographic necrosis involving deep-seated tissue could be seen in group M patients (13/16). Isolated multinucleated giant cells were commonly seen. Granulomatous inflammation against fungal organisms were identified (16/16). Vasculitis and thrombosis were also observed (10/16).

CONCLUSIONSThe invasiveness of Mucorales is remarkable; and when it causes invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, the clinical course is often acute and large areas of tissue necrosis can be seen. The invasiveness of Aspergillus in tissue is relatively mild. Granulomas are more common and the disease often runs a chronic clinical course. There is however no significant difference in long-term mortality. The pathogenesis may be related to the different components of the fungi.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aspergillosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Aspergillus ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucorales ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Mucormycosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

The present study is to determine the flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, biflavones, gingko acid and procyanidins of ginkgo pollen. UPLC-TQ-MS technology was used for the determination of 24 kinds of resource chemical composition in ginkgo pollen qualitatively and quantitatively. The results shows that the contents of rutin, quercetion 3-O-[4-O-(α-L-rhamnosyl )-β-D-glucoside] and kaempferolis were 120.9, 114.0, 222.1 μg x g(-1). In this paper, the contents of 24 kinds of chemical components of ginkgo pollen were determinated by UPLC-TQ-MS for the first time. This method is simple and quick, which will be benefit for recycling utilization of ginkgo pollen.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Pollen ; chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins ; analysis ; Rutin ; analysis ; Terpenes ; analysis

Objective To investigate the dynamics and development trends of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis after water improvement in Xinbaerhuyouqi of Hulunbeir city, Inner Mongolia and to provide a scientific evidence for the development of countermeasures. Methods We mainly selected Adunchulusumu and Kerlunsumu in Xinbaerhuyouqi of Hulunbeir city as the two monitoring points after water improvement in 2000 -2009. Of these, 1 sample of centralized water supply source water and 3 samples of tap water and 5 samples of noncentralized water supply source water according to water well locations of east, west, south, north and center were collected and the levels of water fluoride were tested; the prevalence of dental fluorosis of school children aged 8 to 12 were examined; from 2002 onwards, the urine samples of 30 children aged 8 to 12(five age groups, six urine samples for each age group) were collected, and all urine samples were collected in the case of less than 30, and urine fluoride was tested. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean method; water fluoride was tested using fluoride ion selective electrode(WS/T 106-1999); urinary fluoride was tested by determination of fluoride in urine using ion-selective electrode(WS/T 89-1996). Results In 2000 - 2009, the mean levels of fluorine in drinking water in Adunchulusumu and Kerlunsumu were 1.79 - 4.35 mg/L and 1.38 - 3.18 mg/L, respectively; the detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 were 45.24％(19/42) - 89.78％(123/137) and 40.00％ (28/70) - 74.47％ (70/94), respectively; the median urinary fluoride of them were 2.30 - 4.15 mg/L and 2.73 - 4.55 mg/L, respectively. ConclusionsThe detection rate of children's dental fluorosis remains high in Xinbaerhuyouqi during the past 10 years after changing water. The endemic fluorosis remains a serious disease. Effective prevention and control measures must be taken to control the occurrence of fluorosis in the future.

Objective To design a mobile container-based negative pressure chamber compatible with kinds of carriers to isolate and treat patients with respiratory infectious diseases.Methods A negative pressure chamber with standard container sizes was developed whose enclosure structure involved in 2 mm-thick galvanized steel plate,10 mm-thick high-performance thermal isolation polyurethane foam board,2 mm-thick galvanized steel plate and 10 mm-thick integral inner panel.There were three functional areas included in the chamber for clean office area,semi-polluted passage and polluted ward with toilet.Negative pressure differences between the functional areas were generated by full DC air supply and exhaust system to form directional air flow in the chamber.The patient's exhaled air was purified before emission with the high-efficiency particulate air filtration system.The negative pressure chamber was equipped with a portable life monitoring and support device,a remote consultation and guidance system,a water and electricity support system and etc.Results Air quality tests showed that the negative pressure chamber met the national standards in air cleanliness,static pressure difference,number of dust particles,settled bacteria,microorganisms on the surface of the object and etc.Conclusion The negative pressure chamber compatible with kinds of carriers can be used for the isolation and emergency treatment of patients with respiratory infectious diseases and the long-distance transport of critically ill patients.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(9):24-28]

OBJECTIVETo develop multiplex reverse translation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detection of dengue virus type 1-4.

METHODSBased on the genomes sequence analysis of dengue virus type 1-4, four-pair of primers were designed. The specificity of the primers was primarily tested by searching the GenBank DNA sequence database. The optimal reaction conditions of the multiplex RT-PCR were then established. The specificity of RT-PCR was tested using the homologous yellow fever virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. 30 serum samples of dengue virus from suspected sufferers in the prevalence of dengue virus in 2003 were detected using the methods we developed.

RESULTSPositive segments about 295, 237, 118, 347 bp could be seen in the multiplex RT-PCR production of dengue virus type 1-4, respectively. There were no positive segments in the RT-PCR productions of Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus. 25 of the 30 serum samples showed dengue virus type 1 positive results, while the sequencing results suggesting the amplification sequence having a high homology with dengue virus type 1 strain Cambodia, GD14/97 and GD05/99 (97%, 97%, 98%, respective).

CONCLUSIONThe method of multiplex RT-PCR we established could be used for early detection and identification of dengue virus type 1-4.

Base Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Dengue ; epidemiology ; virology ; Dengue Virus ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Severe Dengue ; virology