The content of ATP, ADP, AMP, sodium phosphate and sodium pyrophosphate were determined by 31P NMR, the linear range of ATP, ADP and AMP were found to be 0.004-0.080 mol x L(-1), sodium phosphate and sodium pyrophosphate were 0.005-0.100 mol x L(-1). The RSD were 0.40%-1.30%, the recovery were 96.9% - 105.2%. The method has been applied to the determination of ATP injection. The impurities of ATP injection were ADP and sodium phosphate. The content of ATP is in line with the requirement of the pharmacopoeia. The results indicated that the method is of good reproducibility, high accuracy, rapid and simple operation, without pretreatment and interference of other elements, 31P NMR is a new and reliable method of analyzing ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphate.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; analysis ; Adenosine Monophosphate ; analysis ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; analysis ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Diphosphates ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Perfusion ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; Phosphates ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of allopurinol in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.Methods:The databases of Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane library were searched for randomized controlled trials of allopurinol in patients with chronic kidney disease. According to the Cochrane system evaluation method, two evaluators independently screened the literature and extracted the data, and analyzed the results with Revman 5.3 software.Results:Finally, 10 articles were included, including 940 patients (472 in the experimental group and 468 in the control group). Meta analysis showed that allopurinol treatment could reduce blood uric acid ( MD=-2.40, 95% CI: -2.74--2.05, P<0.01), 24-hour urinary protein ( MD=-0.61, 95% CI: -1.17--0.06, P=0.03) and increase estimation of glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) ( MD=2.51, 95% CI: 1.86-3.17, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the experimental group and the control group ( OR=1.40, 95% CI: 0.61-3.19, P=0.42), but allopurinol treatment could reduce the risk of cardiovascular events ( OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, P=0.01). Conclusions:Allopurinol treatment of chronic kidney disease can reduce urinary protein, improve eGFR, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

A 39-year-old man presented with recurrent lower back and leg pain for 8 months due to repeated hemorrhage into an L5 ligamentum flavum cyst. Lumbar MR imaging showed an extradural cystic mass originating from the ligamentum flavum on the right side in the L5 segment. Microsurgical laminotomy and flavectomy were performed. The symptoms resolved completely and the patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery.
Adult ; Cysts ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Ligamentum Flavum ; pathology ; surgery ; Male

Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of iloprost in acute vasodilatation test during cardiac catheterization and to explore a useful hemodynamic indication regarding operability in the patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) related to congenital heart disease (CHD).

METHODSThe clinical data of 46 patients [mean age (12 ± 9) years] with severe PH related to CHD from June 2006 to December 2008 was retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent standard right and left cardiac catheterization and a trial of inhaled iloprost test during cardiac catheterization. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was (80 ± 13) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and pulmonary vascular resistance index was (17 ± 10) wood.m². A positive response to inhaled iloprost was defined as a decrease of at least 20% in pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) without changes on systemic artery pressure. Patients with positive response to iloprost underwent cardiac surgical repair. The pulmonary artery pressure and PVRI was monitored by Swan-Ganz catheter postoperatively.

RESULTSOf the 46 patients, 29 (63.1%) showed a positive response after iloprost inhalation, defined by a significant reduction in PVRI from (15 ± 6) wood.m(2) at baseline to (9 ± 4) wood.m² in response to iloprost inhalation therapy (P < 0.05). The ratio of pulmonary to systemic resistance (Rp/Rs) decreased from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 0.4 ± 0.2 (P < 0.05). Seventeen patients (36.9%) didn't respond to iloprost displayed only little changes in PVRI [from (21 ± 10) wood.m(2) to (19 ± 9) wood.m²] and Rp/Rs (from 1.0 ± 0.5 to 0.9 ± 0.5). Out of 29 positive patients, 21 (72%) underwent successful cardiac surgical repair with a reduction of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) to an average of (27 ± 10) mm Hg after the operation. Only 2 patients out of the 17 patients from the negative group were referred to surgery. Their mPAP was greater than 45 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONSA significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure after cardiac surgery was observed in patients with positive response to inhaled iloprost. Inhaled iloprost may be a valuable tool in the preoperative evaluation of patients with severe PH related to CHD.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Iloprost ; pharmacology ; Infant ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Preoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) in primary hepatocytes under conditions of calcium overload and ethanol-induced injury.

METHODSThe in vitro model of chronic ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury was established using primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Ethanol-induced changes (24, 48 and 72 h; 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mmol/L) in expression of the SOCs proteins stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Oria1) were detected by qualitative PCR analysis (mRNA) and western blotting (protein). The possible role of these two SOCs proteins in the ethanol-induced extracellular calcium influx and related liver cell injury was determined by treating the cell system with various channel blockers (EGTA, La3+, and 2-APB). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and cytosolic free calcium ion concentration was determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTSAfter 24 h of exposure to 0 (untreated) to 800 mM/L ethanol, the cell viability was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. The 400 mmol/L concentration of ethanol decreased cell viability by 57.34% +/- 2.34%. and was chosen for use in subsequent experiments. Compared with the untreated control cells, the ethanol-treated cells showed significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of both STIM1 and Orai1 at all times examined, suggesting that the ethanol-stimulated expression of STIM1 and Orai1 could persist for at least 72 h. The ethanol treatment induced increase in cytoplasmic calcium levels was significantly (and similarly) reduced by co-treatment with any of the three channel blockers.

CONCLUSIONChronic ethanol exposure can increase the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 in primary liver cells, suggesting that ethanol may increase extracellular calcium influx by up-regulating expression of these SOCs protein molecules, ultimately aggravating liver cell damage.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Primary Cell Culture ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and function of long non-coding RNA linc00467 in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: Bone marrow samples were collected from 5 children with AML who were diagnosed from May 2016 to June 2018. Normal bone marrow samples based on bone marrow examination were collected from 3 children as controls. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of linc00467 in the two groups. A lentivirus system was used to achieve overexpression of linc00467 in AML cells (HL-60) (linc00467 overexpression group), and empty vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was transfected into AML cells to establish a GFP control group. A lentivirus system was used to insert an interfering sequence into AML cells (sh-linc00467 interfering group), and a random sequence was inserted to establish an sh-NC control group. Cell proliferation and resistance to doxorubicin were observed for all groups. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the children with AML had a significant increase in linc00467 (P=0.018). Overexpression and interference with linc00467 expression had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Compared with the GFP control group, the linc00467 overexpression group had a significant increase in the viability of HL-60 cells at the adriamycin concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 μg/mL (P<0.05). Compared with the sh-NC control group, the sh-linc00467 interfering group had a significant reduction in the viability of HL-60 cells at the adriamycin concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 μg/mL (P<0.05). Compared with the untreated group, the adriamycin treatment group had a significant increase in the expression of linc00467 in HL-60 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the biological function of linc00467 to promote the resistance to adriamycin in AML, which provides a basis for developing new therapeutic drugs for AML.
Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; genetics

Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy between warm needling moxibustion and electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney. Methods: Seventy patients with simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney were randomly divided into a warm needling moxibustion group and an EA group, with 35 subjects in each group. Same major acupoints were selected for the two groups, including Shuifen (CV 9), Guanyuan (CV 4), Daheng (SP 15), Shuidao (ST 28), Shousanli (LI 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). The warm needling moxibustion group received warm needling moxibustion, while the EA group received EA treatment. The interventions were performed once every other day, with 15 treatments as one course. The therapeutic efficacy, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were then observed and compared. Results: The total effective rate in the warm needling moxibustion group was 85.7％ versus 77.1％ in the EA group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The warm needling moxibustion was remarkably superior to the EA in weight loss and lowering BMI, both with statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). At the three-month follow-up, the body weight and BMI further decreased in the warm needling moxibustion group (both P<0.05), and the levels were lower than those in the EA group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion can produce reliable and consistent efficacy in the treatment of simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney. Compared with EA, warm needling moxibustion shows advantage in both short-term and long-term efficacies, and thus is worth promotion in clinical practice.

Objective To study the expression pattern of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in myocardial tissue from forensic routine cases and to explore its application value in the forensic determination of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods The data of 96 autopsy cases accepted by the center of Medico-legal Investigation of China Medical University between December 2008 to May 2014 were collected. There were 62 cases in SCD group cardiac and 34 cases in non-SCD group. The myocardial tissues were taken from left and right ventricular wall, respectively. The expressions of BNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocardial tissue were detected by HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot-ting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), etc. Results The immunohistochemical staining of myocardial tissue showed diffusely positive staining in SCD group, and patchily or diffusely positive staining in non-SCD group with lighter degree. The result of Western blotting showed that the expression of BNP protein elevated in left ventricular wall of SCD group. The result of RT-qPCR showed a positive correlation between the BNP mRNA expressions in bilateral ven-tricular walls and the heart weight, bilateral lung weight, and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration. There were large differences between the BNP mRNA concentra-tions in SCD group and non-SCD group, and the former was statistically higher (P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of BNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocardial tissue are related to the causes of death. Combined with pathological changes, the expressions of BNP protein and BNP mRNA in myocar-dial tissue have certainly practical significance for the determination of SCD and the analysis of the death mechanism in the cases related to forensic pathology.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene on cell growth and invasion of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSRecombinant lentivirus vector for shRNA delivery of EZH2 was constructed and transfected into 293FT cells. After collecting the viral particles, the NPC cell line 5-8F cells were transfected. The effects of EZH2 silence on cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected using MTT assay, plate colony formation assay and flow cytometry. The migration and invasion of 5-8F cells were determined by wound healing assay and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. The expressions of EZH2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers at mRNA and protein levels were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSThe expressions of EZH2 mRNA and protein in the transfected 5-8F cells were obviously reduced. MTT assay showed that EZH2 downregulation significantly inhibited the growth of 5-8F/shEZH2 cells (P < 0.001). Colony formation rate (84.44%) of 5-8F/shEZH2 cells was lower than control (31.56%, P = 0.001). Cell cycle analysis showed that most 5-8F/shEZH2 cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase, with a very low ratio of cells in S phase. Wound healing assay indicated that the migration ability of cells silencing EZH2 decreased significantly, and the 48-hour relative migration distance of 5-8F/ShEZH2 cells and control cells was 0.58 ± 0.05, and 0.81 ± 0.02, respectively (P < 0.000). Matrigel invasion assay, showed the invasive capacity of cells silencing EZH2 was significantly inhibited, with less penetrating cells (72.23 ± 4.08) compared to control (150.95 ± 16.27), P < 0.000. The mRNA expressions of epithelial markers E-cadherin and Keratin 18 in the cells silencing EZH2 increased by 177% and 158% respectively, and the mRNA expressions of mesenchymal markers β-catenin and N-cadherin decreased by 18.04% and 41.18% respectively. Similar results also were obtained with Western blot analysis.

CONCLUSIONEZH2 significantly enhanced the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro, which might be mediated by inducing EMT.

Carcinoma ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; genetics