OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on overcoming cancer multidrug resistance(MDR). METHODS: Doxorubicin-TiO2 nanoparticles(DTN) were prepared, the K562/DOX cells were chosen as the model cells. And doxorubicin solution(F-DOX) and doxorubicin liposomes(DOX-L) were also prepared as the control. The MTT assay were measured, and the amount of doxorubicin in the K562/DOX cells at different time were determined by HPLC. The P-gp expression were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The MTT assay shows that IC50 of group DTN were lower than that of group F-DOX. The uptake test shows that amount of doxorubicin in K562/DOX cells of group DTN was 1.23 times of group DOX-L when in 4 h, and the efflux test shows that amount of doxorubicin in K562/DOX cells was 1.18 times of group DOX-L. The flow cytometry result revealed that the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on overcoming MDR maybe through down-regulating the expression of P-gp in K562/DOX cells. CONCLUSION: The TiO2 nanoparticles are a new inorganic materials-based nanoparticles which promising approach to overcome MDR.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the synergetic effect of schisandrin B and liposomes on overcoming multidrug resistance(MDR). METHODS: Co-delivery of doxorubicin and schisandrin B by liposome(DS-L) were prepared, and doxorubicin solution(F-DOX), schisandrin B and doxorubicin mixture(Sch B+DOX), doxorubicin liposomes(D-L), doxorubicin liposomes and schisandrin B mixture(D-L+Sch B), verapamil and doxorubicin mixture(Ver+DOX) were also prepared as the control. The MTT test were measured, and the amount of doxorubicin in the K562/DOX cells at different time were determined, and time course of uptake and efflux were drawn. RESULTS: The MTT test shows that the resistance factor(RF) of group DS-L were 1.68, 14.52 and 1.42 times of group Sch B+DOX, group D-L and group D-L+Sch B respectively. The uptake test shows that amount of doxorubicin of K562/DOX cells in group DS-L was 1.30 and 1.21 times of that in group D-L and group Sch B+DOX respectively. And the efflux test shows DS-L could delay doxorubicin efflux from K562/DOX cells. CONCLUSION: The co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and P-gp inhibitors schisandrin B by liposome is a promising approach to overcome MDR. And there is a synergistic effect between liposome and schisandrin B to overcome MDR.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles for successful chemotherapy in cancer. Inorganic material-based nanoparticles provide a novel choice to effectively circumvent the intrinsic drawbacks of traditional organic materials in overcoming the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells due to their unique structural and compositional characteristics, for example, high stability, large surface area, tunable compositions, abundant physicochemical multifunctionalities, and specific biological behaviors. In this work, the recent advances of inorganic materials-based nanoparticles to overcome MDR of cancer cells were reviewed. And the advantage and mechanism of inorganic materials-based nanoparticles to overcome MDR were summarized. The recent development of inorganic materials-based nanoparticles (mesoporous SiO2, Au, TiO2, magnetic Fe3O4, Ag, combinations of inorganic materials-based nanoparticles with traditional overcoming MDR strategy etc.), to overcome the MDR were also discussed. And the future developments of these inorganic materials-based nanoparticles are suggested. These elaborately designed inorganic materials-based nanoparticles offer an unprecedented opportunity and show the encouraging bright future for overcoming the MDR of tumors.

Objective To evaluate the initial clinical application value of placing the Freka R Trelumina guided DSA. Methods The Freka(R) Trelumina was placed guided by DSA in 10 patients with disease of digestive tract post operation complicated with stomal leak or/and stomal stegnosis or various kinds of patients with gastric emptying disorder. Results The Freka(R) Trelumina could be put 20 cm away from Treize anadesma guided by DSA. The achievement ratio was 90%. The putting time was 1 to 3 weeks. The localization of the Freka(R) Trelumina was well. The process of feeding was successfully. The effectiveness of decompression of stomach intestine was also good. Stomal leak healed up quickly. The appearance of gastric emptying disorder disappeared. Conclusion Placing the Freka(R) Trelumina guided by DSA is a simple, safe and reliable method for jejunum nourishment and gastrointestinal decompression.

With the development of imaging technology,the detection rate of gallbladder benign lesions has increased year by year.And part of the diseases may evolve into gallbladder cancer through a series of pathophysiologic processes.There are some misunderstandings in the understanding of gallbladder benign lesions for surgeons,so it is difficult for the clinical decision-making.The relationship between gallbladder benign lesions and gallbladder cancer should be correctly understood.Surgeons can neither exaggerate the risk of gallbladder cancer nor miss optimal timing of operation.The key point of the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder benign lesions should be based on making full use of imaging data and strictly grasp pre-and intraoperative indications,and it is important to identify the malignant transformation of gallbladder benign lesions as soon as possible and carry out standardized treatment.

OBJECTIVETo develop an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 5 constituents in Fructus Cnidii.

METHODAnalysis was performed on an Alltech C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column. The mobile phases were acetonitrile water and acetic acid with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1). The monitoring wavelength was 325 nm and 245 nm. The column temperature was 40 degrees C.

RESULTThe linear response ranges were 1-20 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 9) for xanthotoxin, 1-20 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 9) for isopimpinellin, 11-20 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 8) for bergapten, 100-1 200 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 7) for imperatorin, 100-2 000 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 9) for osthole. The average recoveries were all above 95%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, sensitive and accurate with good reproducibility.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Furocoumarins ; analysis ; Methoxsalen ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To investigate the protective effects of left ventricular myocardial perfusion after delivery of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by using ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction ( UTMD ) with real‐time myocardial contrast echocardiography( RT‐MCE) . Methods Among 64 male SD rats ,52 rats were randomly selected and were induced DCM by streptozotocin through intraperitoneal injecting ,the other rats as normal control group . DCM rats were randomly divided into the DCM model group ,aFGF only group ,SonoVue‐aFGF group and the SonoVue‐aFGF+ UTMD group in this study . The aFGF only group rats were injected with aFGF solution through tail vein ,the SonoVue‐aFGF group were injected with SonoVue‐aFGF solution through tail vein and SonoVue‐aFGF+ UTMD group rats were injected with SonoVue‐aFGF solution through tail vein and using UTMD simultaneously . All rats underwent conventional echocardiography and RT‐MCE exams before and 4 weeks after intervention . Left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening( LVFS ) were measured by conventional echocardiography . The plateau intensity ( A ) ,initial slope of the curve (β) and myocardial blood flow ( A ×β) of left ventricular anterior wall at the papillary muscle level were measured in left ventricular short‐axis view by RT‐MCE . Results Before intervention , LVEF and LVFS in the DCM model group ,aFGF only group ,SonoVue‐aFGF group and the SonoVue‐aFGF+UTMD group were significantly lower than in the normal control group ( P <0 .01) .During 4 weeks after intervention ,LVEF and LVFS in the aFGF only group ,SonoVue‐aFGF group and the SonoVue‐aFGF+UTMD group were slightly increased than those in the DCM model group ,but no statistically significant differences were found ( P > 0 .05) ,however A and A × β in the SonoVue‐aFGF+ UTMD group were significantly increased than those in the DCM model group( P < 0 .01) . Compared with the same group before intervention ,A and A ×βin the SonoVue‐aFGF+UTMD group were higher ( P <0 .05) and these in the DCM model group were lower during four weeks after intervention ( P < 0 .05) . Conclusions Acidic fibroblast growth factor delivered by using UTMD can improve the left ventricular myocardial perfusion in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats .

AIM: To investigate the effect of problem - based learning ( PBL) used in the teaching of medical students'evidence-based medicine ( EBM) .
METHODS: Five classes ( total 147 students ) were randomly selected as experimental ( PBL ) group, at the same time, another 5 classes ( total 149 students ) were also randomly selected as control group, using traditional teaching method ( lecture-based learning, LBL ) in 2010 grade. The final examination scores of the experimental group were compared with control at the end of term. In addition, all students were interviewed using self -administered questionnaire to obtain their evaluation for PBL practice. SPSS13. 0 software was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The homogeneity test in baseline survey showed that the basic characteristics between the two groups of students were no significant differences, and were comparable (P>0. 05). Final exam results showed that in addition to the scores of the EBM basic knowledge indicated no significant difference between two groups of students (P>0. 05), for the 5 steps of EBM procedure, namely, asking questions, finding the best evidence, evaluating the evidence, using and practicing the evidence, re - evaluating the evidence, and the total scores between the two groups, there were significant statistically differences (P<0. 05). The results to student learning evaluation showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05) in aspects of better understanding classroom knowledge, improving language expression ability, and writing skill exercises. And other residual items had a significant difference ( P<0. 05), especially in aspects of improving enthusiasm for learning, self - study ability, improving learning efficiency, information analysis and utilization ability, team collaboration, and communication between teachers and students, however, there was a very significant difference (P<0. 001) between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: PBL teaching mode can effectively improve teaching effectiveness and the quality of EBM teaching, so the this teaching mode is worth further popularizing.

Background: The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is unknown in China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DDH in Chinese adults. Methods: In this study, we performed a cross?sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults. All participants underwent questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and X?ray examination. Factors associated with DDH were analyzed with logistic regression. Results: We invited 29,180 individuals aged 18 years and over to participate, randomly selected from 18 primary sampling units (street districts in urban areas and townships in rural areas). The survey and examination were completed in 25,767 people (10,296 men and 15,471 women). DDH was diagnosed in 391 people, yielding an overall DDH prevalence of 1.52%. Based on this information, we estimate the number of individuals with DDH in China to be approximately 16.05 million. DDH prevalence increased with age (odds ratio = 1.53 [1.03–2.27], P = 0.036), was significantly higher among women than men (2.07% vs. 0.75%, P < 0.001), and was higher among rural residents than urban residents (1.75% vs. 1.29%, P < 0.001). Economic development was independently associated with the presence of DDH. There was no evidence of an association between body mass index alone, education, or current smoking or drinking and risk of DDH (P > 0.05). Conclusions: DDH has become an important public health problem. Special attention should be paid to residents with DDH. Screening for DDH should be performed in China.

OBJECTIVEStudy on the flavonoids from the air part of Eupatorium lindleyanum.

METHODAlcohol percolation, silica gel column chromatography and re-crystallization et al.

RESULTJaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin, trifolin and hypersoide were isolated from E. lindleyanum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence.

CONCLUSIONJaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin and trifolin were isolated from E. lindleyanum for the first time.

Eupatorium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification