In response to problems from the development of multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria,it is urgent to find new antimicrobials.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are a kind of ideal new antimicrobials with the advantages including their potential for broad-spectrum activity,rapid bactericidal activity and low propensity for resistance development,and have a bright future.Alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides are a main kind of AMPs.The following features was reviewed and elucidated including the structure and activity relationship(SAR) from different aspects including the degree of helicity,hydrophobic moment,hydrophobicity,net positive charges and so on,and the application of SAR on the molecular design and improvement of AMPs.

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and epidemic trend of human brucellosis between 2007 -2010 in Qian'an county,and to provide a basis for future prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological data of brucellosis between 2007 - 2010 were obtained from the national disease surveillance report on management information system, population data were from the national disease surveillance information management system for basic information reporting system, and descriptive epidemiological methods was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 86 cases were infected with brucellosis in Qian'an county from 2007 to 2010, with 68 cases of male and 18 cases of female, and male to female ratio was 3.78 : 1. Patients were mainly in the age of 20 - 55, with 40 - ＜ 45 year-old group the highest. All patients were local residents. Most professional were livestock acquisition, processing and aquaculture personnel. The majority of patients lived in Jianchang town,with 51 cases, accounting for 59.30％. Thirteen patients were reported in 2007, incidence was 0.0201‰(13/ 647 983). Thirty-nine patients were reported in 2010, and incidence was 0.0563‰(39/657 380). There was a fluctuations increase from 2007 to 2010. In 2007 brucellosis occurred in only two townships(towns), which spread to eight townships (towns) and urban areas in 2010. ConclusionsThe epidemic of human brucellosis in Qian'an is in a spreading trend. We recommend the government to strengthen the quarantine of livestock, and the infected livestock should be timely treated. Strengthen the prevention and control in Jianchangying. At the same time increase the brucellosis propaganda, and enhance self-protection awareness of the occupational groups.

The tandem expression vector can effectively increase the expression level and structure stability of the target peptides(protein)with small size of molecular,and avoid toxicity towards host cell from some toxic peptides product,therefore,this approach is widely applied in biotechnology.The four construction methods of tandem expression plasmid including asymmetric and complementary cohesive ends,directional adapter,isocaudarners,and tandem expression cassette were reviewed in terms of protocol,characteristic and applicable field.In addition,selection principles from various construction methods of tandem plasmid were reviewed in terms of efficiency,accuracy and product cleavage.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever syndrome (EHF) from 2004 to 2010 and provide scientific basis for formulating control measures.Methods Epidemiological data of EHF between 2004 to 2010 were obtained from the“National Disease Surveillance Report on Management Information System”,and the population data were from the“National Disease Surveillance Information Management System for Basic Information Report System”.Descriptive epidemiological methods was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 173 cases were reported in Qian'an from 2004 to 2010.From 2004 to 2010,the cases were 86,67,12,1,0,1,and 7 cases,respectively,and the rate were 13.12/10 million ( 86/640 249 ),10.42/10 million (67/642 688 ),1.86/10 million ( 12/645 124),0.15/10 million (1/647 983 ),0(0/650 720),0.15/10 million( 1/653 839),and 0.11/10 million(7/657 380),respectively.The overall rate was 3.86/10 million(25/648 283) of population.From 2004 to 2008 the incidence reported declined rapidly,then increased slowly after 2009.The cases were found intensively in winter(November - next January) and spring season (february - may).The incidence in the age group of 10 - 45 was higher than that of other age groups,and the total number of cases was 82.08％(142/173).The incidence in males( 114 cases) was higher than that of females(59 cases).Occupational distribution mainly to peasants and students,which accounted for 87.86％ (152/173).Conclusions Epidemic in the city declines rapidly follows by a slow recovery,suggesting that in the future surveillance,mice-killing and protection of vulnerable population should be strengthened.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital ; surgery ; Tibia ; abnormalities ; surgery

Microdialysis coupled with RP-HPLC was used to study the blood pharmacokinetics of pingyangmycin hydrochloride in rabbits. Supelco RP-amide C16 column was adopted for the analysis of pingyangmycin hydrochloride. The data was analyzed with 3P87 program. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 1.04 to 66.56 microg x mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 4). The in vivo recovery of microdialysis probe was (42.8 +/- 3.4)% (n = 4). The concentration-time curve of pingyangmycin hydrochloride was fitted to two-compartment model. T1/2 alpha and T1/2 beta were 14.9 and 60.3 min, respectively. The method is proved to be accurate, simple and suitable for the pharmacokinetics study of pingyangmycin hydrochloride in rabbits.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Molecular Structure ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relative factors for hidden blood loss (HBL) after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

METHODSA retrospective study of 422 consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA between October 2007 and August 2009 was carried on. There were 60 male and 362 female patients with a mean age of 65.7 years. The HBL was calculated according to Gross formula. The effect of patient gender, age, body mass index (BMI), pre-operative diagnosis, unilateral or simultaneous bilateral TKA, tourniquet time, type of prosthesis, postoperative anticoagulation method and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on the postoperative HBL were analyzed.

RESULTSThe HBL in patients underwent unilateral TKA was significantly lower than that in those underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA [(1284 ± 207) ml vs. (2248 ± 504) ml, P = 0.000]. Unvaried analysis showed that the HBL were associated with BMI, tourniquet time, prosthesis type and postoperative anticoagulation method. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the impact factors of postoperative HBL include BMI, tourniquet time and prosthesis type.

CONCLUSIONSBMI, bilateral simultaneous TKA, tourniquet time and intercondylar open prosthesis impact the HBL after primary TKA. However, the influence of gender, age, diagnosis, postoperative anticoagulation method and DVT on the HBL are not significant.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; surgery ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the proper anticoagulation intensity in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement in china.

METHODSThe anticoagulation therapy intensity and the complications in 480 patients after mechanical heart valve replacement were studied.

RESULTSThe follow-up rate was 89.17%, the total patient-years (Pty) was 2,110.04 years, the mean oral import warfarin dosage was (2.81 +/- 0.95) mg/day, and native warfarin dosage (2.38 +/- 0.46) mg/day. The mean PTR value of 2 116 samples was 1.43 +/- 0.26, and the INR value of 1 195 samples was 1.63 +/- 0.49. The total hemorrhage rate was 4.60% Pty, and the hemorrhage death rate was 0.38% Pty. The PTR and INR values were higher in the hemorrhage group than in the no-hemorrhage group. (t = 1.816, P < 0.05; t = 2.407, P < 0.01). The thromboembolism rate was 0.66% Pty, and the thromboembolism death rate was 0.05% Pty. There were 15 pregnancies in 14 women patients and no malformed newborns were found.

CONCLUSIONSThe most important complication of anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement is hemorrhage in china; The proper anticoagulation intensities of this group are INR 1.5-2.0 and PTR 1.3-1.5. It is beneficial to adopt the low intensity anticoagulation therapy for decreasing the death rate from hemorrhage, protecting pregnant women and newborns from hemorrhage and malformation, and improving the life qualities of the patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Thromboembolism ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Warfarin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

To study the effect of endotoxin on liver apoptosis, LO2 liver ceils were cultured and passaged in vitro, and then stimulated by endotoxin at 10 mg/mL for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h respectively. Liver apoptosis was flow cytometrically and fluorescently detected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the delivery of smac and caspase9. The delivery of liver cell smac and the activity of caspase3 were measured by caspase3 assay kit. The hepatic failure models of rats were established by using D-galactosamine. The blood serum and liver tissues were collected for the detection of the liver function, the level of endotoxin and the activity of caspase3 by using chromogenic substrate limulus amebocyte lysate method (LAL) and caspase3 active assay kit. The expression of smac and caspase9 in liver ceils was detected by Western blotting. With in vitro study, the LO2 cells stimulated by LPS condensed into conglobation and formed apoptotic bodies. After those cells were stained.by hoechst,the apoptotic cells displayed blue color under the fluorescent microscope. The apoptosis rate was increased over time and the apoptosis was mainly of advanced stage. Meanwhile, the rate of smac delivery and activity of caspase9 and caspase3 were increased on LO2 cell membrane. In vivo, hepatic failure and obvious endotoxemia were induced by injection of more than 200 mg/kg D-GaIN. Hepatic mitochondria smac was reduced with dosage of D-GaIN and, on the contrary, the activity of caspase3 was increased. D-GaIN at 200 mg/kg increased Caspase9 while D-GaIN at 300 mg/kg decreased caspase9. Mitochondria signal channel plays an important role in the endotoxin-induced apoptosis of hepatic cells by promoting the release of smac from mitochondria to cytoplasm and activating caspase9 and caspase3 in its low-level channel.