Because preterm infants are premature,the rates of refractive errors and visual abnormalities are significantly higher than those normal full-term infants.By understanding their refractive characteristics and the factors those affect visual development,meanwhile,recognizing that premature birth also plays a role in the refractive or visual development of preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),we can establish the strict follow-up system,then early detection and be early in time for premature children with clinical intervention or treatment which is beneficial for normal visual development.It is extremely important to reduce abnormal visual development in preterm children,and to improve the visual quality of patients and quality of life.This paper summarizes the researches of refractive and visual development in preterm infants.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders is a common functional disease without organic pathologic changes, mainly including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.As the dissatisfaction, side effects and recurrence with drug treatment, transcutaneous electrical stimulation has taken an important role in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in recent years.This article reviewed the progress of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in treatment of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.

Objective: To investigate the impact of clopidogrel or aspirin resistance on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to explore the application value of thromboelastogram (TEG) in antiplatelet therapy. Methods: A total of 177 ACS patients admitted in our hospital from 2012-09 to 2014-12 were enrolled. The patients were at the mean age of (70.4±10.7) years, all of them received TEG and coagulation function test. Based on the reaction of antiplatelet therapy, they were divided into 2 groups: Non-resistance group,n=98 and Resistance group,n=70, which was further divided into 2 subgroups as Maintenance dose subgroup,n=39 and Increased dose subgroup,n=40. The patients were followed-up for 3 months to observe MACE occurrence including cardiovascular death, angina recurrence, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute thrombosis and hemorrhage. Results: In Resistance group, there were 50/79 (63.3%) patients with aspirin resistance and 29 (36.7%) with clopidogrel resistance. Compared with Non-resistance group, Resistance group showed decreased coagulation time, clot formation time, TEG reducing rate after 30 minutes maximum amplitude (LY30), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and international normalized ratio (INR), allP<0.05; while increased levels angle, maximum amplitude of TEG, coagulationindex, ifbrinogen and D-dimer, allP<0.05. Compared with Non-resistance group, Resistance group had the higher MACE rate 21.5% vs 7.1%,P<0.05; in addition, Increased dose subgroup had the lower MACE rate than Maintenance dose subgroup 17.5 vs 25.6%,P<0.05. Conclusion: Clopidogrel or aspirin resistance had the higher incidence of MACE in elder ACS patients; TEG was helpful for guiding antiplatelet therapy and reducing MACE incidence.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of the three operation mode in treatment of ovarian cyst. Methods According to the digital table,138 patients with ovarian cyst were divided into three groups,the group A (n=46 cases)were operated through open operation,group B (n =46 cases)were operated through transvaginal operation,group C(n=46 cases)were operated through laparoscopic operation.The three groups were observed the situation of operation (operation time,bleeding volume,the first exhaust time,hospitalizationtime ),complications (infection,hemorrhage,perimenopausal changes ),postoperative follow -up for 1 years.The recurrence rate was observed.Results Group A of 46 patients were successfully completed surgery,B,C groups of 1 patients was con-versed to laparotomy due to severe adhesion.B,C groups in the operation time,amount of bleeding during the opera-tion,the time of hospitalization were significantly less than that of group A (t=4.306,5.172,3.012,3.926,3.776, 2.168,P<0.05,P<0.01).B group was significantly less than those of A,C group in the first exhaust time (t=3.014,2.446,all P<0.05).In the operation time of group B was obviously less than that of group C (t=2.748,P<0.05).A,B,C three groups of postoperative complication rates were 39.1%,11.1%,15.6% respectively;the incidence of complications of B,C groups was lower than that in A group (χ2 =9.82,8.64,all P<0.01 ).After 1years follow-up,the recurrence rate in group B was significantly higher than that of A and C groups (χ2 =6.72, 6.72,all P<0.01).Conclusion Treatment of ovarian cyst vaginal surgery and laparoscopic surgery wound is small, but the person that weigh should be performed open adhesion treatment,individualized treatment.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of combination of Modified Lianpo Decoction and standard quadruple therapy for Hp-related gastritis of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach. Methods Based on the principles of random, contrast, and double-blind, 118 cases of Hp-related gastritis of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach were randomly divided into western medicine group (39 cases) and combined Chinese and western medicine group (79 cases). The western medicine group was treated with standard quadruple therapy (PPI + bismuth + two kinds of antibiotics), and the combined Chinese and western medicine group with Modified Lianpo Decoction additionally for two weeks. The clinical efficacy, TCM symptom scores, and eradication rate of Hp were observed by electronic gastroscope, rapid urease test, and pathologic examination before and one month after the treatment, respectively. Results The clinical effective rate of the western medicine group was 76.9% (30/39), while that of the combined Chinese and western medicine group was 94.9%(75/79), with statistical significance (P<0.05). The Hp eradication rate of the western medicine group was 87.2%(34/39), and that of the combined Chinese and western medicine group was 97.5% (77/79), with statistical significance (P<0.05). TCM symptom scores regarding damp-heat syndrome of the spleen and stomach of the combined Chinese and western medicine group were significantly better than those of the western medicine group (P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy, TCM symptoms, and eradication rate of Hp can be significantly improved by combination of Modified Lianpo Decoction and standard quadruple therapy in the treatment for patients with Hp-related gastritis of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic of autoimmune gastritis (AIG).Methods From January 1990 to April 2010,the clinical data of 55 AIG patients were retrospectively analyzed,which included hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH),gastrin,intrinsic factor antibody (IFA),parietal cell antibody (PCA),gastrointestinal endoscopy examination and 24-hour esophageal pH recording.Another 31 megaloblastic anemia (MA) patients were selected as control.Statistical analysis was performed by independent-samples t test.Results Among 55 AIG patients,49 patients were associated with MA,and three out of four cases were identified of IFA.About 43.8％ (21/48) patients were PCA positive.Before treatment,the levels of LDH and α-HBDH of AIG patients with MA were (1045.50±853.46)U/L and (853.71±824.23) U/L which significantly increased,than those of patients without MA [(166.67±41.03) U/L,(133.67±27.90) U/L],the differences were statistically significant (t=-4.665,-2.120,both P＜0.05),however there was no significant difference when compared with the control group [(1047.52±1028.31) U/L,(1050.23±1264.37) U/L,both P＞0.05)].A total of 46 patients underwent gastroendoscopy examination,63.0％ (29/46) patients had gastric body atrophy while gastric antrum not involved; 34.8％ (16/46) patients had neither gastric body nor antrum atrophy; seven patients gastric mucosal showed intestinal metaplasia and one patient showed intestinal metaplasia with atypical hyperplasia and 2.2％ (1/46) presented both the antrum and the body atrophy.Conclusions The levels of LDH and α-HBDH increased in AIG patients might be related with MA caused marrow in-situ hemolysis.IFA is recommended as a routine test for AIG.There is still some limitations of AIG diagnosis according to histopathological features of gastric endoscopy specimen.The clinical features should be taken into consideration.

Pancreatic cancer was one of common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, early diagnosis of which was difficult and surgical resection rate was low. The prognosis was poor, and its incidence increased year by year. Conventional treatment of pancreatic cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but 90％ of the patients had lost the surgical opportunity when they see a doctor, and not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Relative to these traditional treatments, gene therapy is an innovative approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and had attracted wide attention in recent years. Many gene therapy drugs for pancreatic cancer had now entered Ⅰ / Ⅱ clinical trials. The gene therapy techniques for pancreatic cancer included antisense gene therapy, suicide gene therapy, immune gene therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. In this article, we reviewed recent advances in gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase Ⅰ type (HSV 1\|tk) and Ganciclovir(GCV) in animal model of human glioma. Methods We demonstrated that tk gene was stably integrated into the genome of retrovirus vector producing cell line pN 2A\|tk/VPC(VPC) by Southern blot hybridization; then we established the nude mice model of glioma by inoculating the VPC and the human glioma cells DBTRG\|05MG(05MG) at 1∶1,1∶4 ratios respectively(only inoculated 05MG cells as control group), then GCV treatment was administrated i.p.,30mg/(kg\5d), twice daily for 14 days. A week later, the nude mice were sacrificed and the pathological sections of tumor tissues were observed by light microscopy. Results The tumor mass of 1∶1 group decreased remarkably compared with 1∶4 group or control group respectively ( P

Training ability and level of trauma management skills have an straight influence on the results of pre-hospital care and treatment of casualties, and thus are very important to save the life of the wounded and to reduce the mutilation rate. The adoption of a teaching module employing a human analogue significantly improves first aid training level, which can help the students master trauma management skills and gain self-confidences. The application of virtual realty technique and human analogue to such first-aid training is reviewed as the training for dressing, hemostasis, fracture fixation, casualty transport, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and urgent airway management.

Objective To establish an intelligent nutritional diet analysis system in the hospital to guide and monitor the patient's diets and nutrition.Methods Individual health report and nutrition prescription were output intelligently through an intelligent nutritional diet knowledge-based system as well as the interfaces between the modules of electronic record interchange,intelligent nutrition analysis and diet management,and the modules were all interfaced with HIS and LIS respectively.Results The patient's diets and satisfaction were all enhanced by the system.Conclusion The system integrates computer technology into nutritional diet management to realize whole-course traceable closed-loop management.