450, can be chosen as the indication of preoperative jaundice-reducing. The jaundice index descending rate can be chosen as the standard of the operation opportunity.

From an ethanol extract of Euphorbia micractina roots, seven steroids fifteen aromatic derivatives were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including column chromatography over macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as stigamast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-diol(1), stigamast-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol(2), stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol-7-one(3), stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one(4), stigmast-1, 4-dien-3-one(5), stigmast-3,6-dione(6), beta-sitosterol(7), scopoletin(8), aesculetin(9), 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(10), quercetin(11), 3,3', 4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid(12), p-hydroxyphenylethyl anisate(13), m-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol(14), (E)-cinnamic acid(15), (E)-ferulic acid(16), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(17), vanillic acid(18), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(19), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (20), ethyl gallate(21), and methyl gallate(22). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Steroids ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of alcohol extract of Plumula Nelumbini (AEPN) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis rats and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSTotally 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the high dose AEPN group, and the low dose AEPN group, 8 in each group. 1,000 mg/kg AEPN was given to rats in the high dose AEPN group by gastrogavage at 10 mL/kg, once daily, while 500 mg/kg AEPN was given to rats in the low dose AEPN group by gastrogavage at 10 mL/kg, once daily. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin (ALB) were examined using automatic biochemical analyzer. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the hepatic tissue were determined using colorimetry. The degree of liver fibrosis was observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal control group, serum levels of ALT and AST obviously increased and the serum ALB level obviously decreased in the model group (all P < 0.05). After treated by AEPN, serum levels of ALT and AST were lowered. and the serum ALB level was higher (all P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group, collagen deposition was obviously seen in rats' livers of the model group, and pseudolobule had formed; inflammatory activities and fibrosis degrees were serious; contents of Hyp also increased (P < 0.05).After treated by AEPN, collagen deposition was obviously reduced with no obvious pseudolobule; inflammatory activities and fibrosis degrees were alleviated; contents of Hyp were also lowered (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group, contents of MDA in the liver tissue obviously increased, while activities of SOD obviously decreased (P < 0.05) in the model group. After treated by AEPN, contents of MDA in the liver tissue decreased and the serum SOD level significantly increased (all P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the normal control group, the expression of α-SMA was obviously elevated in the model group (P < 0.05). After treated by AEPN, its expression was obviously lowered (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAEPN could fight against CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats. Fighting against lipid peroxidation and inhibi- ting activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells might be possibly main mechanism.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Collagen ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Chinese Association for Science and Technology in conjunction with Beijing Institute of Biotechnology and Beijing Science and Technology Consulting Center carried out a survey of the research publications by science and technology professionals in China in year 2014.Based on the overall survey data,we selected the group of medical professionals,including medical organization personal according to the classification of different types of units and health care personals according to the job type,and analyzed the status of research publications,including the number of papers published,motivation,stress,evaluation mechanisms,journal selection,and compared with other classification groups.

Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour (BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Objective To investigate the short term effect of gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus and possible mechanisms. Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus who received gastric bypass surgery from March to August, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The levels of fasting plasms glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2h PG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were dynamically monitored, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and body mass index ( BMI) were calculated. All data were analyzed using variance of analysis and LSD test. Results Of the 58 patients, 48 (83% ) met the requirement of complete response criteria and stopped administration of hypoglycemic agents; 7( 12% ) had to use hypoglycemic agents, but the dose of the agents was lowered by 50% compared to that before surgery. The surgery was ineffective in 3 patients (5% ). The levels of FPG, 2h PG, HbAlc and HOMA-IR of the 58 patients showed a significant decreasing trend after surgery when compared to those before surgery (F = 67. 867, 50. 885, 78. 278, 572. 757, P <0.05), while there was no significant change of the BMI after surgery ( F = 3. 503, P > 0. 05 ). Conclusions Gastric bypass surgery has a good effect on nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose BMI was less than 25 kg/m2. The improvement of insulin resistance after the surgery might be the main reason.

Hemolymphangioma is a kind of deformity of the lymphatic vessel and venule,which is rarely seen in clinical practice.A 66-year-old female patient who had a chief complaint of distention in left upper quadrant of the abdomen for 6 months was admitted to the General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA.Examination of computed tomography and B ultrasound confirmed that the patient had a retroperitoneal cystic mass.During the exploratory laparotomy,the soft mass was found at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and had invaded to the pancreas.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed that the mass was a pancreatic hemolymphangioma.

Objective To detect the expression of melanoma antigen-1 gene (MAGE-l),melanoma antigen-3 gene (MAGE-3) and explore their clinical significance. Methods The expression of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 in central tumor tissue, para-tumorous normal mucosa and tissue of resection-border were detected by RT-PCR. Results The expression of MAGE-1 was positive in 10 out of 33 (30.30 %) cases of rectal cancer, 4 out of 33 cases (12.12%) and 4 out of 33 cases (12.12 %) in para-tumorous normal mucosa and tissue of resection-border respectively; the expression of MAGE-3 was positive in 14 out of 33(42.42 %) eases of rectal cancer, 6 out of 33 cases (18.18 % ) and 5 out of 33 cases (15.15 %) in para-tumorous normal mucosa and tissue of resection-border respectively; 7 out of 33 cases (21.21%) was expressed MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 simutaneously; 17 out of 33 cases (51.51%) was expressed at least one of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3;the positive rates of MAGE-1 or MAGE-3 in center tumor tissue were significant higher than those of its para-tumorous and resection-border (P＜0.05). The expression of MAGE-1 or MAGE-3 was not related to age, sex, histological grades, metastasis to lymph nodes, duke stages (P＞0.05). Conclusion As their significance, MAGE-1, MAGE-3 protein may be used as a target molecule of immunotherapy for rectal cancer and indexes for follow-up study of rectal cancer as well.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the way to realizing clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights,and to provide reference for the revise of related policies and regulations. METHODS:The clinical pharmacists prescribing rights and its necessity were inter-preted. Referring to pharmacists’prescribing rights in Canadian limited prescription mode,British dispensatory mode,United States consultative prescription mode,clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights in China were expounded. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:It is necessary and feasible to achieve clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights in China. Clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights can be realized and the pharmaceutical role of clinical pharmacists can be played through conducting clinical pharmacist pre-scription training,establishing chronic disease,common disease,mild disease and other disease dispensatory,gradually revising the concept of“prescription”and“prescribing rights”,promoting the legislation of pharmacists and clinical pharmacists’prescrib-ing rights,promoting the realization of the prescription right of clinical pharmacist,prompting clinical pharmacist to play the role of pharmacy.

Objective To analyze the papers published by domestic scientific research workers in order to improve the academic level of their papers. Methods The papers published by over 3000 domestic scientific research workers were investigated with questionnaires. Their motives to publish papers and the relation between the number of pub-lished papers and the assessment of their performance were analyzed. Results The number of papers published by domestic scientific research workers was increased. However, their academic level was to be further improved. Over quantization of the assessment mechanisms for scientific research increased the external motives to publish papers, thus leading to the insufficient internal motives of them to engage in scientific research. Conclusion A loose and comfortable academic environment should be created for the scientific research workers in order to initiate their in-ternal motives to publish papers. Over quantization of the assessment mechanisms for scientific research should be changed in order to reduce the external motives of domestic scientific research workers to publish papers. Innovative and cultural environment should be created in order to improve the soft power of scientific research in our country.