Spasticity is a common complication of stroke.It may cause the function and ability of patients to be restricted significantly and affect the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers.The estimated prevalence of poststroke spasticity (PSS) is 19％ to 42.6％.PSS can be usually assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale,Modified Tardieu Scale,and electromyography.Therapeutic methods of PSS include physical therapy and drug treatment.The treatment options should be individualized.

Chuan Ya Wai Bian (External Therapies of Folk Medicine), compiled by ZHAO Xue-min, a medical expert in Qing Dynasty, is abundant in folk external therapies including acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint sticking therapies, which all have unique features. Folk acupuncture-moxibustion is an important part of acupuncture- moxibustion therapy, playing a role that can't be replaced by conventional acupuncture-moxibustion. It's worth exploring and needs constant improvements to adapt to the requirement of modern medicine, which is also significant for boosting the development of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.

The value of dobutamine 99m橳c-MIBI SPECT (DBA-SPECT) for detecting coronary artery disease was assessed in 56 patients with chest pain. Exercise ECG, DBA-ECG and DBA-SPECT were obtained. The hemodynamic changes in DBA infusion are similar to that in exercise test. In 21 patients who had coronary angiogram,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 87. 5% ,76. 9% ,81. 7% ,respectively in DBA-SPECT;75. 0%, 92. 3%, 85. 0%, respectively in DBA-ECG,and 87. 5%,46. 2% ,61.9% ,respectively in exercise ECG test. The results showed that DBA-SPECT is a feasible safe and non-invasive method for detecting coronary artery disease.

[Objective]To investigate the expression of protein destrin in cytoskeleton protein in traumatic arterial aneurysm(TAA) vessel wall tissue and its relationship with clinical representations and pathological characteristics.[Method]Western-blot analysis and RT-PCR were used to detect the quantitative expression of destrin protein in 13 patients with TAA and in the femoral arterial tissues of 8 normal subjects.The difference of protein expression was compared,and the results with clinical data were analyzed statistically.The correlation of unbalanced expression of destrin protein with the clinical presentations was studied.[Result] The expression of destrin in TAA tissue was lower than that in the femoral artery of normal subjects(P

The expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to radio-chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells (GSCs).Moreover,the growth of glioma stem cells could be inhibited comprehensively by increasing radio-chemosensitivity and apoptosis,simultaneously with the regulation of a single miRNA,which has been confirmed by some researches.Thereby microRNA is prospective for the adoption as a specific agent in targeted therapy of glioma,so as to increase the radio-chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells.

Objective To evaluate the effects of betulinic acid preconditioning on oxidative stress response during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Seventy-two male Kunming mice,aged 3 months,weighing 25-35 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group,and betulinic acid preconditioning group (group BP).Cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice anesthetized with 10％ chloral hydrate 40 ml/kg.In group BP,betulinic acid 50 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage everyday for 7 days before ischemia,while the equal volume of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide was given in S and I/R groups.At 22 h of reperfusion,neurological function was assessed and scored.The mice were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of infarct size,expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox1,Nox2 and Nox4) and p22phox mRNA,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone.Results Compared with S group,neurological score,cerebral infarct size,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone were significantly increased,and the expression of Nox1,Nox2,Nox4 and p22phox mRNA was up-regulated in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,neurological score,cerebral infarct size,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone were significantly decreased,and the expression of Nox1,Nox2,Nox4 and p22phox mRNA was down-regulated in group BP.Conclusion Betulinic acid preconditioning mitigates cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting oxidative stress response in mice.

Runx2 is a transcription factor belongs to RUNXX family, and it is one of the important factors involved in expression and participation in regulation of mammary specific genes in the mammary gland. The overexpression is also as-sociated with certain characteristics of breast cancer. This article aims to summarize the recent progress of the role that Runx2 plays in breast cancer.

Objective This study aims to test the hypothesis that low density granulocytes (LDGs) is involved in the pathogenesis of DM associated-Interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods Forty eight DM patients (28 with ILD) and 19 age-and sex-matched healthy Chinese volunteers were recruited to this study.LDGs percentage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was tested by flow cytometry.Neutrophilrelated genes (LL-37,MPO and MMP-8) expressions in PBMCs were tested by quantitative RT-PCR.Myositis disease activity assessment visual analogue scales (MYOACT) was used to assess the disease activity.Percentages of LDGs were compared in patients with ILD and without by using unpaired t test with Welch's correction,the correlations between LDGs and clinical parameters were further analyzed by linear correlation analysis.The expressions of neutrophil-related mRNA and proteins in PBMCs were compared by using MannWhitney U test.Results LDGs percentage in PBMCs was 7.1-fold higher in DM patients than healthy controls [(9.1±11.5)％ vs (1.3±0.7)％,t=4.664,P＜0.01].LDGs percentage in PBMCs was 2.7-fold higher in DM patients with ILD than DM patients without ILD [(12.3±14.1)％ vs (4.5±2.6)％,t=2.835,P=0.008 3].The mRNA expression level of LL-37,MPO and MMP-8 and LL-37 protein levels in the DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group.LDGs percentage positively correlated with MYOACT lung disease activity scores (r=0.439,P=0.010).Conclusion Percentage of LDGs in PBMCs is significantly increased in DM patients with ILD and positively correlated with MYOACT lung disease activity scores,suggesting that abnormall increasing of LDGs is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of DM-associated ILD.

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial effect of different self-etching adhesive systems against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans).Methods:Six reagents ClearfilTM SE Bond primer (SP), ClearfilTM SE Bond adhesive (SA),ClearfilTM Protect Bond primer (PP),which contained antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB),ClearfilTM Protect Bond adhesive (PA), positive control chlorhexidine acetate [CHX,1% (mass fraction )],and negative control phosphate buffer solution (PBS)were selected.They were mixed with S.mutans for 30 s respectively,then colony-forming units (CFU)were counted after incubated for 48 h on brain heart infusion (BHI)agar medium. The 6 reagents were applied to the sterile paper discs,and distributed onto the BHI agar medium with S. mutans and incubated for 24 h,then the inhibition zones were observed.CHX,PBS,PP,and SP were added on the dentin with artificial caries induced by S.mutans and kept for 30 s,then confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)was used to observe the live and dead bacteria after staining.The ratio of live to dead bacteria was calculated.PP+PA and SP+SA were applied on the dentin according to the manual and light cured.S.mutans were incubated on the samples for 2 h,ultrasonically treated and in-cubated on BHI agar medium for 48 h,then CFU was counted.The data were analyzed by non-parametric analysis and one-way ANOVA.Results:Compared with PBS,the PP,SP,PA,SA and CHX showed the antibacterial effect on free S.mutans (P<0.05 );SP and PP showed stronger antibacterial effect than PA,SA and CHX (P<0.05).CHX,SP and PP presented inhibition zones,while PBS,SA and PA did not.Compared with PBS,the CHX,SP and PP could lower the ratio of the live to dead bacteria significantly (P<0.05).Cured self-etching adhesive systems did not show any antibacterial effect on the free S.mutans.Conclusion:The primer of self-etching adhesives ClearfilTM SE Bond and ClearfilTM Pro-tect Bond showed significant antibacterial effect on free and attached S.mutans.The adhesive only showed antibacterial effect on free S.mutans before light-cured polymerization.After being cured,the self-etching adhesive systems did not show antibacterial effect anymore.

AIM: To study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-1(NO/ET-1) and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: The changes of NO/ET-1 system and their relationship with hepatic I/R injury were compared between I/R group and IPC+I/R group in a rat hepatic I/R model. Two hours after reperfusion, the liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR to see whether there was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS:In the acute phase of hepatic reperfusion, the ratio of NO/ET-1 was reduced, which was due to a significant reduction of NO - 2/NO - 3 (the metabolic product of NO) and significant elevation of ET-1 in the blood plasma. The content of ALT, AST, LDH and TNF-? in blood plasma, and of MDA in liver tissue were increased but ATP in liver tissue was reduced, the hepatic damage was deteriorated. The protection of the hepatic IPC was concerned with the elevation of the ratio of NO/ET-1 caused by the elevation of NO - 2/NO - 3, and reduction of ET-1 as well. There was no iNOS mRNA detected in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Hepatic I/R injury is related to the disturbance of NO/ET-1. The protection of the hepatic IPC in the acute phase might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The cNOS rather than the iNOS generated the NO in this situation.