BACKGROUND:Bennett fracture repair is one of the problems for orthopedic surgeons, although there are a variety of clinical treatment for Bennett fracture, no treatment strategy is widely accepted. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:This study aims to provide evidence for developing an effective treatment strategy for Bennett fracture. ＜br> METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMeb database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed), CNKI China Journal Ful-Text database (http://www.cnki.net/) and Wanfang database (http://g.wanfangdata.com.cn/) between January 2004 and July 2014 was performed by the first author. Meantime, Campbel ’s Operative Orthopaedics, Shiyong Guke Xue and other orthopedic monographs were manual y retrieved, to analyze research progress about Bennett fracture. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 37 literatures associated with Bennett fracture were involved in this study. Conventional closed reduction plaster or Kirschner wire fixation is characterized by low cost and easy operation, but it fails to achieve anatomical reduction. AO principle for fracture treatment has been widely accepted in recent years, the application of AO screw and AO plate is increasing in treatment of Bennett fracture, it can not only repair bone fracture but also repair and reconstruct the damaged ligament, but the cost is very high and secondary surgery is needed to remove the implant. Traditional Chinese orthopedics and integrated traditional and western medicine are experienced methods for treatments of Bennett fracture, and Chinese herbs have obvious symptomatic treatment effect and effectively improve the symptoms of patients. As the thumbs play a crucial role in the hand movement, the optimal treatment strategy for Bennett fractures has important clinical significance.

AIM:To investigate the effects of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced MAPK phosphorylation in mouse liver.METHODS:54 male mice were divided into three groups:control(n=6),0.9% sodium chloride 0.2 mL ip;LPS group(n=24):LPS 5 mg ip;NAC+LPS group(n=24):NAC 150 mg?kg-1?d-1 ip,for 3 d;LPS 5 mg ip after 1 h of NAC administration at 3rd day.The liver was excised with carbrital anesthesia after LPS or 0.9 % sodium chloride injection at 0.5 h,1 h,2 h and 6 h for GSH and MDA assays.The protein extracted from liver was assayed for the phosphorylation of MEK1/2,ERK1/2,p38 MAPK by Western blotting.TNF-? in liver was assayed by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:MDA in the liver was decreased remarkably and the GSH in the liver was increased significantly by NAC pretreatment.The phosphorylation of MEK1/2,ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in liver were inhibited significantly by NAC pretreatment after LPS challenge.Meanwhile,TNF-? in liver was decreased markedly.CONCLUSION:Reactive oxygen species plays a critical role in MAPK signaling during the LPS induced acute liver injury.NAC partially inhibits LPS-induced MAPK signaling by antioxidant effect and decreases TNF-? production.

Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on both the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of rats.Methods Wistar male rats(3—4 weeks)were killed by cervical dislocation and hippocampal slices(400 ?m)were prepared,blind whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on the CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices to examine and analyze the effects of PNS(0.05—0.4 g/L)on CA1 afferent fiber-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents(EPSCs)and inhibitory postsynaptic currents(IPSCs),respectively.Moreover,the Schaffer collateral/commissural pathway was stimulated with paired pulses(interpulse interval was 50 ms)and the paired-pulse facilitation(PPF)was analyzed by EPSC2/EPSC1(P2/P1)ratio.Results PNS(0.1—0.4 g/L)significantly depressed amplitude of EPSCs in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region(P0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of PNS on EPSCs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is not due to the reinforcement of the inhibiting interneurons.It may be a result of direct inhibition on excitatory synaptic transmission.The increasing of P2/P1 ratio after PNS application suggests that PNS depresses the excitatory synaptic transmission by presynaptic mechanism.

Objective To establish RT-PCR-RFLP method for studying the genotype of wild mea-sles virus strains isolated from Tianjin area from 2002 to 2008. Methods Isolations of measles virus were carried out by tissue culture method from urine and throat swab specimens collected from suspected cases. RNA were extracted from the virus specimens. The 594 bp fragment of C terminal of the N (nucleoprotein) gene was amplified by one-step RT-PCR, then the PCR products were digested with Bcn I , separated on agarose gel electrophoresis and then analyzed by the method of RFLP (restriction fragment length polymor-phism). In addition, above results were compared with DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was plotted based on the results for the genetic relationship and distance analysis. Results Sixty-nine measles virus strains were isolated from 189 specimens from 2002 to 2008, of which the C terminals of N gene were all de-tected positive. Among the 69 strains of measles virus isolates, 98.55% (68/69) belonged to Hla sub-geno-type which was the predominant sub-genotype, and only one strain (1.45%) belonged to H1b sub-genotype by RFLP analysis which was in accordance with the results by DNA sequencing method. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated the H1a sub-genotype measles virus strains should be further divided into 2 clades, and the variation fluctuated between 0.2% and 3.8%. There were transmission chains caused by different virus strains co-cireulation. Conclusion A genotype, H1a and H1b sub-genotype can be identified by RT-PCR-RFLP assay specically based on the restriction enzyme Bcn I .The RT-PCR-RFLP assay can be a rapid, simple, accurate and efficient method for large-scale surveillance of measles virus strains in China.

Objective To evaluate the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy on the tissue perfusion of elderly patients undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy.Methods Thirty patients aged 60-82 years with ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ who were presenting for elective laparoscopic radical cystectomy were randomly divided into routine fluid replacement group (group C,n=15) and GDFT group (group G,n=15).Patients in group C received routine fluid replacement.Patients in group G were treated under goal-directed fluid infusion strategy with a target of SVV≤13%,CI≥2.5 L·min-1·m-2 and ScvO2≥73% under the monitoring of PiCCO.The indexes of hemodynamics and tissue perfusion were collected and recorded at 7 time points: before induction of anesthesia (T1),5 minutes after intubation (T2),5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum and change positions (T3),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (T4),5 minutes after the abdomen was opened (T5),1 hour after the abdomen was opened (T6) and the end of surgery (T7).Results Compared with group C,group G received less fluid.MAP and SVV between two groups were no statistical significance.The CI in group G in time point T4,T6 and T7 was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).The HR in group G in time point T5 and T6 was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).The aLac in group G in time point T4 and T5 was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05).Pcv-aCO2,DO2I and O2ERe between the two groups were not statistically different.Postoperative rehabilitation indexes between the two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusion The GDFT guided under SVV,CI and ScvO2 can keep the effective circulatory volume and pressure to ensure the whole body perfusion,reduce aLac and improve microcirculation without affecting the balance of oxygen supply and demand and the postoperative complication.

Objective To compare the outcomes of percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation or vertebra pedicle instrumentation for treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures (OVCF) in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective case cohort study was conducted on 62 patients with OVCF manifesting non-neurological symptoms treated from January 2009 to January 2012.There were 22 males and 30 females,with a mean age of 61.3 years (range,55 to 70 years).Fracture level was T11 in 8 patients,T12in 20,L1 in 22 and L2 in 12.Treatments included percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral fracture fixation in 36 patients (Group A) and percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation in 26 patients (Group B).Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,anterior vertebral body height,sagittal Cobb angle and visual analogue score (VAS) were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for average 46.5 months (range,36 to 58 months).Operation time in Group A [(82.6 ±16.2) min] was shorter than that in Group B [(96.8 ± 20.6) min] (P ＜ 0.05).Blood loss in Group B [(40.5 ± 10.2) ml] was less than that in Group A [(52.2 ± 15.5) ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Before operation and 3 days and 1 year after operation,the anterior vertebral body height and sagittal Cobb angle in Group A showed no significant differences compared to Group B (all P ＞ 0.05).At the final follow-up,the ratio of anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle in Group B [(87.8 ± 2.5) ％,(7.8 ± 3.5) °] were better than these in Group A [(82.6 ±3.2)％,(9.1 ± 1.8)°] (P＜0.05).VAS showed no statistical significance between the two groups before and after operation (P ＞ 0.05).Bone cement leakage was seen in four patients in Group B.During the perioperative period,there were 3 patients with lung infection in Group A and 1 patient with lower limb deep vein thrombosis in Group B.No implant failure occurred in both groups.Conclusion Both procedures are effective in treating elderly patients with OVCF,but percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation is associated with better results in maintaining vertebral height and preventing kyphosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of long-pulsed tunable Nd: YAG laser on capillary hemangioma and to analyse its influencial factors. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 124 patients with 135 vascular lesions treated with long-pulsed tunable Nd:YAG laser from February, 2007 to January, 2008. Working parameters, including spot size (3-5 mm), pulse duration (10-30 ms) and fluence (120-200 J/cm2) were determined based on the size, color and depth of lesions and adjusted according to the immediate reaction of lesions. The interval of two treatments was 1 month. Results Of the 135 lesions, 100 experienced a more than 95% subsidence, 22 achieved 60%-94% subsidence, 11 got 30% -59% subsidence, and 2 reached less than 30% subsidence. The cure rate and effective rate were 74.07% and 90.37% respectively. Smaller lesions showed a better response to the treatment than larger ones (P<0.0001), whereas the sites and depth of lesions had no effect on the efficacy (both P>0.05). Atrophy scar occurred in 4 (2.96%) lesions, and blisters in 12 (8.89%) lesions after the treatment. No purpura or pigmentary changes occurred. Conclusion The long-pulsed tunable Nd:YAG laser is an effective treatmnt for capillary hemangioma with fast action and few side reactions.

During the course of standardized residents training,the performance appraisal management of the residents was used besides other regular management methods.The allowances of residents were decided monthly by the evaluation and assessment of many kinds of tests or examinations.Through this new measure,the learning enthusiasm of residents could be fully motivated.The authoritative effectiveness of management was enhanced enormously.Meanwhile,the quality of the educational and training has also been improved greatly.This method could be very useful for the training process.

To explore the relationship between the drug-seeking behavior, motivation of conditioned place preference (CPP) rats and the frontal association cortex (FrA) electroencephalogram (EEG) sample entropy, we in this paper present our studies on the FrA EEG sample entropy of control group rats and CPP group rats, respectively. We invested different behavior in four situations of the rat activities, i. e. rats were staying in black chamber of videoed boxes, those staying in white chamber of videoed boxes, those shuttling between black-white chambers and those shuttling between white-black chambers. The experimental results showed that, compared with the control group rats, the FrA EEG sample entropy of CPP rats staying in black chamber of video box and shuttling between white-black chambers had no significant difference. However, sample entropy is significantly smaller (P < 0.01) when heroin-induced group rats stayed in white chamber of video box and shuttled between black-white chambers. Consequently, the drug-seeking behavior and motivation of CPP rats correlated closely with the EEG sample entropy changes.
Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; drug effects ; Drug-Seeking Behavior ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Frontal Lobe ; drug effects ; physiology ; Heroin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To reveal the colonization characteristics in host of endophytic biocontrol bacteria NJ13 isolated from Panax ginseng, this study obtained the marked strain NJ13-R which was double antibiotic resistant to rifampicin and streptomycin through enhancing the method of inducing antibiotic. The colonization characteristics in ginseng and its biocontrol efficiency against Alternaria spot of ginseng in the field were studied. The results showed that the strain could colonize in root, stem and leaf of ginseng and the colonization amount was positive correlated with inoculation concentration. Meanwhile, the strain could infect and then transfer in different tissues of ginseng The colonization amount of strain in roots and leaves of ginseng increased first and then decreased. However, the tendency of colonization amount of strain in stems was ascend at first and then descend slowly, and was more than that in roots and leaves along with time, which had a preference to specific tissue of its host. In field experiment, the endophytic bacteria NJ13 was proved to be effective in controlling Alternaria leaf spot of ginseng. The biocontrol efficiency of fermentation broth at the concentration of 0.76 x 10(8) cfu x mL(-1) reached 75.62%, which was close to the controlling level (73.06%) of 0.67 mg x L(-1) 50% cyprodinil WG.
Alternaria ; physiology ; Antibiosis ; Bacillus ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Endophytes ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Panax ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology