Objective　To investigate the effective application of trauma score methods and decrease the errors of evaluation.　Methods　The injury severity of 1 855 patients, including 583 outpatients, 907 inpatients, and 365 ICU patients, evaluated with various common-used trauma score methods was analyzed comparatively. 　Results　The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) of different trauma scoring methods were 0.81-0.91. Specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were above 78%. Excessiveness of scale in severity and undertriage were found for physiological indexes; whereas insufficiency of scale in severity and overtriage for anatomic indexes. The errors may happen if the prognosis of trauma patients merely rely on physiological, anatomy or age parameters. 　Conclusions　The use of different trauma score methods should be in combination with individual conditions and specific injury.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition characterized by pain of the bladder and pelvic region, urgent micturition, frequent micturition and urine increased. Despite intense investigation to our knowledge, the etiology of this disease was unknown, and treatment is empirical. Recrudesce of IC was inextricable and hard to radical cure. This paper reviewed the literature published in the last years.

HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious public health challenges globally. Despite the great efforts that are being devoted to prevent, treat and to better understand the disease, it is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there are 30 drugs or combinations of drugs approved by FDA. Because of the side-effects, price and drug resistance, it is essential to discover new targets, to develop new technology and to find new anti-HIV drugs. This review summarizes the major targets and assays currently used in anti-HIV drug screening.

s Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was first identified as the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in 1994.KSHV infection is necessary,but not sufficient for the development of Kaposi sarcoma (KS),primary effusion lymphoma (PEL),and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD).Advances in the prevention and treatment of KSHV-associated Diseases have been achieved,even though current treatment options are ineffective,or toxic to many affected persons.The identification of new targets for potential future therapies and the randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of new antivirals are required.

Objective:To explore the possible role of ? endorp hi n in effect of melatonin on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats.Method:Acute model of morphine dependent rat was estalished by gradually increasing the dose of morphine through subcutaneous injections.CSF(cerebrospinal fluid)w a s got by push-pull perfusion and intracerebroventricular injection(icv)in a fixe d tuber.Concentration of ? endorphin in CSF was determined by radioimmunoassa y (RIA).Results:(1)The symptoms of natural morphine withdrawal were r e lieved significantly by icv ? Endorphin with a dose dependent manner.(2)The s y mptoms of natural morphine withdrawal were also relieved by ip melatonin.(3)The CSF ? endorphin level was significantly lower in morphine dependent rats than normal control,but that was higher in natural morphine withdrawal rats.That was also much more increased by ip melatonin in the withdrawal rats than in morphine dependent rats or normal control.Conclusion:The withdrawal symptom s could be relieved by icv ? endorphin or by ip melatonin in morphine dependetn rats.The mechanism may be partly due to the elevation of endogenous ? endorp hin level in brain of rats in withdrawal

Objective To study the expression and diagnostic values of long non-coding RNA(IncRNA)metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat-1),p21 and growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5)in colorectal cancer tissue.Methods Coloreetal cancer of early stage and advanced stage(including paracareinoma tissue),precancerous lesion,benign tumor and noncancer lesion groups were collected,33 cases in each group.The levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 in colorectal tissue of the 6 groups were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9)were detected by ELISA.Results RT-PCR showed the levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 were significantly higher in colorectal cancer of early and advanced stage and precancerous lesion than in the paracarcinoma lesion,benign tumor and non-cancer lesion(P＜0.05).Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 were the highest in the advanced stage group(P＜0.05).The levels of CEA and CA19-9 in non-cancer lesion were the least(P＜0.05).The AUC of ROC analysis operator characteristic curve(ROC)of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 was comparable(P＞0.05).Pathological changes showed the pathological changes in colorectal cancer of early stage,advanced stage and precancerous lesion were more significant than those in the paracarcinoma lesion,benign tumor and non-cancer lesion (P＜ 0.05),which were the most significant in the advanced stage group.Conclusion The levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5.in colorectal cancer tissues could be good indicators for colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of p185 and p53 protein overexpression with pathological types and recurrence.Antibodies against p185 and p53 proteins were used to measure expression of these proteins in the nuclei or cell membrane of cells from sections of the giant cell tumor of bone GCT.It showed that 11 out of 52 tumors overexpressed p185 protein and 14 out of 52 tumors had abnormally high levels of p53 protein,4 cases had abnormally high levels of both p185 and p53 proteins,positive expression rates of p185 and p53 in cases with recurrence and cases without reccarrence were 46 2%,20 5% and 38 5%,15 4% respectively.However,there was no association between p185 and p53-positive cases and pathological degree.There was significant correlation between the expression of p185 and p53 protein in the giant cell tumor of bone and recurrence.(? 2=6 125,P=0 047).However,there was no statitically significance between the expression of p185 and p53 protein in the giant cell tumor of bone and pathological types.So that,we consider that the clinical significance for p185,p53 overexpression in GCT to be researched further.

OBJECTIVETo modify biomacromolecules, such as chitosan and collagen, to synthesize a mineralized template that will induce self-growing remineralization of tooth enamel.

METHODSNatural polycation polysaccharide chitosan was modified through phosphorylation to synthesize the polyanion derivative ofphosphorylated chitosan. Parent hydrogels com- bined with chitosan and collagen I were built through peptide binding reaction using genipin as a crosslinker. The gels self- assembled on the tooth's inert surface, which was stimulated by ultraviolet radiation. The bionic saliva provided mineralized ion, and then the hydroxyapatite assembled and grew in situ on the tooth.

RESULTSThe functional group P04(3-) (3,446 cm(-1)) was grafted on chitosan as confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The porous polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel formed by the interaction between the polycation chitosan and the polyanion phosphorylated chitosan could induce hydroxyapatite crystal nucleation and growth on the hydrogel fiber surfaces. The neonatal crystal was hydroxyapatite as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and was tightly connected to the tooth. A continuous structure of column crystals with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 60 nm was observed. The structure was in parallel direction similar to the direction of the enamel rod, and its hardness was close to dentin.

CONCLUSIONThe parent hydrogels that were easily obtained and controlled could mimic the template of the enamel mineralization and induce a self-growing hydroxyapatite, which is an important step in the structural bionics of enamel.

Biocompatible Materials ; Chitosan ; Collagen ; Dental Enamel ; Durapatite ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polymers ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Tooth ; Tooth Remineralization ; Ultraviolet Rays ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To evaluate the CT features of the uncommon neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity and related differentiate diagnosis.Methods CT manifestation of 26 cases with uncommon neoplasm of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 9 cases of common malignant neoplasm. Results All cases had soft-tissue mass with sinusitis in most cases (27/35).In benign group, 7 cases appeared as common benign tumor except for the hemangioma with marked enhancement and meningioma with calcification . In the malignant group, melanoma was small in volume and malignant granuloma was in infiltrative growth .The others had common appearances of malignancies.Conclusion CT signs are not characteristic in most cases compared with the common neoplasms. Surface configuration, bony change and circumstances are the main considerations in differentiate diagnosis and should be related to clinical and pathological materials..

Taxol is one of the most potent anti-cancer agents, which is extracted from the plants of Taxus species. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI) catalyzes the reversible transformation between IPP and DMAPP, both of which are the general 5-carbon precursors for taxol biosynthesis. In the present study, a new gene encoding IPI was cloned from Taxus media (namely TmIPI with the GenBank Accession Number KP970677) for the first time. The full-length cDNA of TmIPI was 1 232 bps encoding a polypeptide with 233 amino acids, in which the conserved domain Nudix was found. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the sequence of TmIPI was highly similar to those of other plant IPI proteins, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that there were two clades of plant IPI proteins, including IPIs of angiosperm plants and IPIs of gymnosperm plants. TmIPI belonged to the clade of gymnosperm plant IPIs, and this was consistent with the fact that Taxus media is a plant species of gymnosperm. Southern blotting analysis demonstrated that there was a gene family of IPI in Taxus media. Finally, functional verification was applied to identify the function of TmIPI. The results showed that biosynthesis of β-carotenoid was enhanced by overexpressing TmIPI in the engineered E. coli strain, and this suggested that TmIPI might be a key gene involved in isoprenoid/terpenoid biosynthesis.