Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Metabolic Diseases

Objective To study the angiographic characteristics of congenital intracranial dural and cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and their relationship to the structural characteristics and clinical feature. Methods The clinical histories, cerebral angiograms, and endovascular treatment of 52 cases of the dural and cerebral arteriovenous malformations were analyzed. Results All 52 patients were treated successfully with interventional therapy with introduction of intravascular emboli through microcatheters. In 2 patients, surgical excision was performed after embolism. In another 4 patients, X-ray knife treatment was carried out. Seventeen patients resumed their work, comprising 44.7% of all patients, and in 16 patients symptoms of epilepsy or head ache were markely improved, comprising 42.1% of the group. Conclusion It is important to study structural characteristics with angiograms for successful treatment of congenital artero-venous anomalies of the brain. [HS(1*2/3]

objective To evaluate the relationship between the pulse pressure and the cardiac geometric structure in patients with essential hypertension. Methods Three hundred and ninety-five patients,age ranging from 20 to 77 years,were enrolled into the study. Their clinical systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) were all above 140/90mmHg. All the patients either were initially diagnosed as having essential hypertension,or confirmed after taking a the placebo for 2 weeks after stopping anti-hypertensive drugs. The cardiac geometric structure was determined by the echocardiography at the same time when the patients untook the 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results The clinical pulse pressure was significantly different among the groups as divided by the age ( P

Implant anchorage depressed the elongated opposed teeth to prepare enough space for the mandibular dentition.Finally,a better dental implant prosthesis can be achieved.

Objective To investigate how the independent components(ICs)energies of multichannel local field potentials(LFPs) code event base on the analysis of ICA of the cortical LFPs of rats. Methods Taking the event point as the zero point, 15-channel LFPs between the span of ±500ms recorded from the prefrontal cortex of rats were decomposed into 15 ICs. The energies of the ICs were computed in a 50-ms window. By sliding the window with step of 25 ms, a dynamic distribution mapping of the 15 ICs' energies was established. ICs with distinctly increased energies during the span of ±200 ms, which indicating that these ICs energies coded event,were selected as the targets. The corresponding channels of these ICs were determined consequently via the inverse transformation of ICA. Results Considering each trail of the repetitious analysis for the same segment of data, the spatial localization of the dominate function region(s) turned out to be relatively stable in spite of the uncertainty of the number and sequence of the target IC(s) due to the ambiguities of the decomposition of ICA.Meanwhile, the analysis results of a series of data segments showed satisfactory correspondence between data segments and dominate function regions. Conclusion The ICs' energies of multichannel LFPs are able to code events in working memories; It is valid for ICA to identify the coding patterns of multichannel LFPs to events; ICA is capable to localize the dominate function regions of event coding with satisfactory robustness.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic postconditioning on mitochondrial cardiolipin synthesis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (Ⅰ/R) in rats in vitro.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 16-20 weeks,weighing 250-350 g,were used in the study.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 40 mg/kg and received intraperitoneal heparin 250 U/kg.Their hearts were excised and retrogradely perfused in a Langendorff apparatus.Sixty-four isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),Ⅰ/R group,ischemic postconditioning group (group IPO) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) plus ischemic postconditioning group (group 5-HD + IPO).After 20 min of equilibration,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 70 min in group C.In Ⅰ/R group,after 20 min of equilibration,the hearts were continuously perfused with 4 ℃ ST.Thomas cardioplegic solution 10 ml/kg,and exposed to 40 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion with oxygenated K-H solution at 37 ℃ for 30 min.In group IPO,after 20 min of equilibration,the hearts were subjected to 6 cycles of 10 s reperfusion followed by 10 s ischemia starting from 40 min of ischemia,and then were reperfused with oxygenated K-H solution at 37 ℃ for 28 min.In group 5-HD + IPO,after 20 min of equilibration,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution containing 100 μmol/L 5-HD (mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker) for 5 min starting from 40 min of ischemia,and then the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group IPO.At 20 min of equilibration (T1) and 30 min of reperfusion (T2),HR,left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and coronary flow (CF) were recorded.The coronary effluent 2 ml was collected for detection of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities.The mitochondria were extracted for determination of cardiolipin content.Results HR,LVDP,and CF were significantly lower,LVEDP was higher,and the LDH and CK activities in coronary effluent were higher at T2 than at T1 in the four groups.Compared with group C,HR,LVDP and CF were significantly decreased,LVEDP was increased,and the LDH and CK activities in coronary effluent were increased at T2 in the other three groups.Compared with Ⅰ/R group,HR,LVDP and CF were significantly increased,LVEDP was decreased,and the LDH and CK activities in coronary effluent were decreased at T2 in IPO group.Compared with IPO group,HR,LVDP and CF were significantly decreased,LVEDP was increased,and the LDH and CK activities in coronary effluent were increased at T2 in 5-HD+IPO group.Conclusion The mechanism by which ischemic postconditioning reduces myocardial Ⅰ/R injury is related to opening of mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channels and increasing mitochondrial cardiolipin synthesis in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of diazoxide postconditioning on myocardial ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg/kg. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95% O2-5% CO2 at 37 ℃. Sixty-four isolated rat hearts were randomized into 4 groups after 20 min of equilibration (n = 16 each): group control (group C), group I/R, group diazoxide postconditioning (group D) and group mito-KATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + diazoxide postconditioning (group 5-HD + D). Group C received continuous perfusion for another 70 min. In group I/R, D and 5-HD + D, the hearts underwent 40 min of iscbemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. 4 ℃ ST. Thomas cardioplegic solution was administered prior to ischemia in group I/R. Group D received 5 min of perfusion with K-H solution containing 50μ mol/L diazoxide at 5 min of reperfusion. Group 5-HD + D received 5 min of perfusion with K-H solution containing 50 μmol/L 5-HD before reperfusion with diazoxide. Eight hearts were taken at the end of equilibration and reperfusion and the indexes of cardiac function were recorded. Then the mitochondria were extracted for determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and respiratory function indexes. Results Compared with group C, MMP was significantly decreased, ROS release was significantly increased, mitochondrial respiratory function and cardiac function declined at the end of reperfusion in the other three groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). MMP was significantly increased, ROS release was significantly decreased, mitochondrial respiratory function and cardiac function were improved in group D compared with group I/R and 5-HD + D.Conclusion Diazoxide postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury in rats via the opening of mito-KATPchannels and improving the mitochondrial function.

AIM: To investigate the effect of diazoxide (D) postconditioning on Cardiac function and mito-chondrial cardiolipin in isolated rat heart and to explore the protective effect of ATP sensitive potassium channel on diazo-xide postconditioning myocardium.METHODS: The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model in isolated rat hearts was established by Langendorff apparatus.The isolated rat hearts were randomized into 4 groups ( n=8): control group ( control) , myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury group ( I/R) , diazoxide postconditioning group ( I/R+D) , 5-hydroxy decanoic acid (5-HD) plus diazoxide postconditioning group (I/R+5-HD+D).The hearts in each group were started with 20 min perfusion for equilibration.The hearts in control group perfused for 70 min;The hearts in I/R group was global ischemia for 40 min after ischemia reperfusion at 4℃ST.Thomas cardioplegia, then reperfusion for 30 min;The hearts in I/R+D group were treated with diazoxide (50μmol/L) in K-H perfusion for 5 min after global ischemia for 40 min, then reperfusion for 25 min;The hearts in I/R+5-HD+D group were treated with 5-HD (100μmol/L) in K-H perfusion for 5 min before diazoxide postconditioning, then reperfusion for 20 min.The heart rate, coronary outflow volume, heart func-tion, myocardial enzymes and myocardial mitochondrial cardiolipin at the end of perfusion in each group were determined. RESULTS:Compared with control group and I/R+D group, the heart rate, the concentration of heart phospholipid and the coronary outflow volume were reduced, the heart function was significantly impaired the contents of myocardial enzymes were increased in I/R group.However, no significant difference between I/R group and I/R+5-HD+D group was ob-served.CONCLUSION:The diazoxide postconditioning protects the myocardium by increasing mitochondrial cardiolipin content, reducing the release of myocardial enzymes, improving heart function and reducing myocardial reperfusion injury. The myocardial protective effect of diazoxide is completely blocked by 5-hydroxy decanoic acid.

Objective:To investigate the nutritional risk and the incidence of malnutrition in children with recurrent abdominal Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSP), and observe the changes in the incidence of malnutrition after nutritional intervention.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 90 children diagnosed with recurrent HSP in our hospital from 2017 to 2019.The cases were divided into two groups according to whether nutritional intervention was performed.The cases from January 2017 to May 2018 were chosen as the control group( n=42), and the cases from June 2018 to December 2019 were chosen as the experimental group( n=48). Based on the treatment of the primary disease, the high nutritional risk cases in experimental group were treated with extensively hydrolysed infant formula for nutritional intervention.The children were evaluated for nutritional risk with the STRONGkids nutrition tool.According to the score results, they were divided into high nutritional risk group and medium nutritional risk group.The Z score was used to evaluate malnutrition, and the degree of malnutrition was compared at admission and discharge. Results:Eighty-one children (90.0%) with recurrent abdominal allergic purpura had a high nutritional risk, 9 cases (10.0%)had a medium nutritional risk.There was no significant difference in the incidence of moderate and severe malnutrition between experimental group and control group at admission[39.6% (19/48) vs.40.5% (17/42), P>0.05]. The incidence of moderate and severe malnutrition in control group was higher than that in experimental group at discharge[66.7% (28/42) vs.22.9% (11/48), P<0.05]. Conclusion:In children with recurrent abdominal HSP, due to severe gastrointestinal symptoms and a high incidence of high nutritional risk, nutritional intervention with extensively hydrolysed infant formula can avoid the occurrence or aggravation of iatrogenic malnutrition during hospitalization.

This article analyzed the importance of implementing case teaching in health policy course based on its characteristics, and introduced the design and the process of case teaching, from the general idea, teaching content, implementation process and evaluation method. Some problems which should be paid attention to and the relevant suggestions were brought out according to the teaching practice.