The outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been improved over past 50 years due to the advances in HLA matching and increasing sources of HSC donors,such as developments and progressions of HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation (MSDT),umbilical cord transplantation (UCBT/CBT),unrelative donor transplantation (URDT),and HLA haploidentical transplantation (haplo-SCT).To review and discuss progressions in field of allo-HSCT,we studied relative advances reports of Education Program Book,54th-ASH,2012.Howeover,the outcomes of allo-HSCT can be quite different according to different diseases,disease phase or patient age.Furthermore,according to our local experiences,we emphasize again significance of HSCT donor safety.

This article focuses on the rapidly evolving understanding of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms of the bcr-abl-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) [myeloproliferative disorders (MPD)],such as polycythemia vera (PV),essential thrombocythemia (ET),and primary myelofibrosis (MF).The amplify therapies were reviewed and IFN-α is an effective agent for these MPN (MPD).Also,the article emphasize once again avoidance MPN and select MPD for such chinese patients.

Marketization has become the mainstream since the new public management emerges globally in second half of the 20th century. Some countries infuse private capital into medical institutions which used to be managed by the government originally, and cause the medical industry reforms to be market-oriented. Market-oriented reforms of medical institutions may have risks in the following aspects: the risk of uneven distribution of medical resources, the risk of market failure, the moral risk of government renting-seeking and corruption and the decay of social justice values. Measures of controlling these risks include deifning the function orientation of the government, completing the institution-building of healthcare system, improving primary medical system and strengthening social consciousness of hospitals.

CALR mutations are discovered in classic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) as a new biomarker very recently.CALR mutations occur in about 20 ％-35 ％ essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis and are associated with some clinical features and favorable prognostic impact.This article reviews biological characteristics and clinical implications of CALR mutations in classic MPN.

Cranial irradiation is routinely used for the treatment of almost all brain tumors,but it may cause disastrous injury in brain,especially in the hippocampus that has cognitional and emotional regulation functions.Several studies have investigated the mechanisms of radiation-induced hippocampal dysfunctions such as hippocampal neurogenesis,neurotrophin and neuroinflammation,and provided effective prevention strategies such as exercise,environmental enrichment,anti-inflammatory and intrahippocampal transplantation of neural stem cells.This review discussed the curent progresses and challenges of hippocampal dysfunction induced by cranial irradiation and provided new insights for preclinical and clinical researches.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) originates from rare leukemia stem cells (LSC).Because these chemotherapy-resistant LSC are thought to underlie disease relapse,effective therapeutic strategies specifically targeting these cells may be beneficial.With the increasing knowledge regarding the LSC,several major directions in targeted therapies with regard to LSC are being investigated.These include targeting cell surface molecules,signal pathways,and microenvironment of LSC.Since eliminating LSC-should provide an efficient,potentially curative treatment option for leukemia patients,this article reviews the recent progress of LSC targeting in AML therapy.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical feature among patients with infectious fever and the antimicrobial resistance of infection pathogens.METHODS A retrospective analysis was carried out among 70 cases during recent 3 years.RESULTS The 70 strains of pathogens were isolated from blood and/or bone marrow cultures of 70 patients with infectious fever,40 strains(57.1%) were Gram-positive cocci,in which 8 strains were Staphylococcus aureus,and 32 strains were coagulase negative staphylococci(CONS);30 strains(42.9%) were Gram-negative bacilli,of which the Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the main microorganisms,53.1% of CONS were resistant to oxacillin.There were 5 strains of Gram-negative bacilli that were suspected to produce extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs),which were resistant to multiple antibiotics,the most active agent against these Gram-negative bacilli with ESBLs was imipenem.CONCLUSIONS The bacteria are mainly Grampositive cocci for the patients with infectious fever in the infectious wards.The Gram-negative bacilli with ESBLs show more multi-drug resistance,we should rationally select antibiotics and decrease the occurrence of drug resistant strains.

Objective To investigate the feature of distribution of vesicular monoamine transporter(VMAT2) in human embryonic brains and their relationships with Parkinson disease.Methods The distribution of VMAT2 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in substantia nigra pars compacta(SNC), ventral tegmental ares(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) were examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot in human spontaneous abortion embryonic brains of different gestational age.Results The distribution of VMAT2 in SNc was less than that in both VTA and LC(all P

Objective To discuss the way of treating accelerated rejection. Methods Seven patients of accelerated rejection were treated by efficient anti-rejection treatment. ResultsSix patients of accelerated rejection were reversed by efficient treatment of anti-rejection. One allograft was removed because treatment was invalid. And six patients were still alive, the longest survival one has reached to 3 years. ConclusionThe treatment emphasis of accelerated rejection should be focused on 3 aspects, including early diagnosis, efficient treatment in time, and paying more attention to any possible complications during the process of treatment.

Objective To establish the surgical landmarks of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral region of middle-lower part of clivus and provide anatomic basis. Methods Twenty 10% formalin-fixed intact adult head specimens were used to dissect and observe the anatomic feature of this access in order to establish the surgical landmarks of the approach, and some relative anatomic data were measured. Five fresh and intact head specimens injected with colored latex were used, and completely analogical operation via endoscopic endonasal approach to the middle-lower part of clivus was performed in all cases. Results Anatomic landmarks of the approach included middle turbinate, choana narium, eustachian tube ostium, nasopharynx mucosa, longus capitis and longus colli, pharyngeal tubercle, and basi-on. To expose the ventral region of middle-lower part of clivus completely, the shortest distance was ( 89.60 ± 2. 52) mm. The ranges of stripping the inferior wall of sphenoid sinus and the lower clivus were bounded by pterygoid canal and foramen lacerum, and the distances from the median line were (9. 37 ± 0.59) mm and (10. 75 ± 0. 63 ) mm, respectively. Conclusions The structures of the ventral middle-lower part of clivus can be revealed sufficiently via an endoscopic endonasal approach.