An evaluation scale of medical services quality was developed on the basis of "patients' experience". The questionnaires were developed by, among others, searching relevant literature, collecting well-established assessment scales, measuring patients' experience and satisfaction, brain-storming, literature analysis. Delphi method was adopted for expert consultation. Scale items were screened and revised. The key indexes were converted. Field surveys were conducted for testing the reliability and validity of the scale. Our modified evaluation scale for measuring medical services quality based on "patients' experience" included 6 dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and continuity), and 50 items. The novel scale based on "patients' experience" may better serve the purpose of assessing medical services quality.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for benign sustainable development of traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises in Guizhou. METHODS:Taking 129 traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises of 9 city and prefecture in Gui-zhou as survey object,questionnaires survey was conducted in 55 enterprises by stratified sampling according to location. The data statistical analysis was carried out in respects of related policies familiarity,product positioning,independent innovation from 2009 to 2013. Relevant development countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:45.1% of enterprises ex-pressed to know and be familiar with relevant policies,51.0% expressed to alert but only understand,and 3.9% said largely un-known. At the past five years,the annual output value and sales revenue of enterprises had risen year by year. Almost 80% produc-tion and technical personnel of enterprises had the junior title or no title;marketing department staff mainly had college and second-ary school degree,accounting for 47.5% and 25.3% respectively;research personnel mainly had bachelor and college degree,ac-counting for 57.0% and 33.7% respectively. At the past five years,independent innovation input took up 2.4% of sales revenue av-eragely. There are problems,such as small and medium enterprises occupying dominate position;enterprises lacking of sufficient understanding on related policies;strategies being adjusted slowly;independent innovation input intensity needing to increase. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the relevant policy advocacy,guiding corporate mergers and acquisitions,closely paying attention to industry development,changing innovation ideas,and attaching importance to research of exclusive production of essential medicine.

Objective To explore the relationship between the apoptosis of cerebellar granule cell and the changes of caspases-3 and Bcl-2 in rats with methylmercury intoxication.Methods We chronologically observed the pathological changes of cerebellum in rats given methylmercury[4 mg/(kg?d)] at day 11, 15, 18 and 19. The apoptosis of cerebellar granule cell was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) method, and the relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of caspases-3 and Bcl-2 was evaluated.Results At day 18, some sparse TUNEL positive granular cells could be observed, mainly in deep lamina adjacent to the white matter. At day 19, the apoptotic cells markedly increased, while the number of granular cells decreased with a well preservation of Purkinje cells demonstrated by calvindine immunostaining. MRF-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) dyeing demonstrated severe microglia reaction and astrocytosis. From day 11, caspasese-3 mRNA expression up-regulated, increased gradually and reached peak at day 18, then decreased markedly at day 19. In contrast, Bcl-2 mRNA expression down-regulated from day 11, and decreased obviously at day 19. Zic-1 as a marker of granule cell decreased gradually after methylmercury administration and indicated degeneration of granule cells.Conclusion Cerebellar granular cell degeneration induced by methylmercury is related to apoptosis mediated by caspases-3 and Bcl-2 down regulated.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services

Humans ; Nephritis ; etiology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; therapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; etiology ; therapy

Furbenicillin is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Furbenicillin sodium is determined by volumetric method in current criteria. However, the criteria does not contain an assay of related substances of furbenicillin sodium. In this study, we established a method for detection and analysis of furbenicillin sodium and its related substances by HPLC. The analysis was performed with a C18 column under a gradient elution, the detection wavelength was 225 nm, and the column temperature was 35 degrees C. The reliability and accuracy of established method was validated in this study. Pure samples of furbenicillin sodium and its related substances were prepared. The structures, biological activities, and chromatographic retention behaviors of furbenicillin sodium and its related substances were identified using NMR, CLSI agar dilution method, and HPLC. All results in the current study provide ample evidence that this method is able to determine the reasonable limits in the quality-control protocol for furbenicillin sodium.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Penicillins ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Four specific salt-tolerant fungi for dissolving phosphate rock (FM) w ere isolated from the coastal saline soils. It was found that the biomass and a b ility to release phosphate from the materials decreased with increasing of the N aCl content. During pH7.0～8.5, the biomass and ability of to release phospho rus from the materials of FM1 decreased sharply with pH rising, but the FM2 and FM4 decreased not considerably, optimal pH for FM3 was at pH8.5. At pH9.0, the bi oma ss and ability of to release phosphorus from the materials decreased quickly. F M2 was stable at alkaline and high salt content condition.

There were 48 strains of bacilli obtained from 20 Chinese traditional medicines. Twenty-five strains had antagonistic effect against at least one of ten plant pathogens. Seven strains had antibiosis to more than four pathogens and the best strain had antibiosis to nine pathogens. After physiological and biochemical experiments,eight strains of 25 antagonistic bacilli were proved to be Bacillus subtilis,three were Bacillus cereus,one were Bacillus natto and one were Bacillus licheniformis. At the same time,two kinds of Chinese traditional medicines,which probably had antibacterial effect,were found.

Objective:The aim of this study was to observe the role of NO in the action of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on arterioles vasomotion induced by noradrenaline (NA), in order to make further understand of vasodilation mechanism of TMP.Methods: Albino rabbits weighting 2.0 ～ 2.5 kg were anesthetized. They were ventilated with room air via tracheotomy tube. The arterial pressure was monitored with a pressure transducer attached to a polyethylene canula in the right common carotid artery by four channel polygraph, the intestinal loop was mounted on the stage of an inverted microscope and bathed in balanced Kreb Ringer solution maintained at 37.5 ?C . The inside diameter of arterioles were measured manully on a TV monitor using a TV camera mounted on the microscope. Observe the changes of BP、 microcirculation and filtration of true capillary after injection of TMP 8mg/kg、 N G monomethyl L arginine( L NMMA) 10mg via a cannula in the left carotid artery after topical application of NA(0.8?g) conducted in the measured field. Results:TMP can inhibit spontaneous vasomotion in vasodilation; L NMMA can inhibit it in vasoconstriction stage. L NMMA have no effect on the action of TMP. Conclusions: Endogenous NO has no role in TMP's vasodilation.

Objective To investigate the multiple risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema in patients following treatment of common gynecologic cancers by meta-analysis for systematic analysis and comprehensive quantitative study.Methods Clinical trials published up until August 2016 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.3.The strength of the associations between risk factors and gynecologic cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema was described as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, and 8 relevant factors were identified.The risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after treatment of gynecologic cancer mainly included radiotherapy (OR=2.45, 95%CI:2.05-2.95, P=0.000), FIGO stage (OR=2.29, 95%CI:1.66-3.14, P=0.000), and pelvic lymph node dissection (OR=2.00, 95%CI:1.02-3.91, P=0.040).Conclusions Radiotherapy, FIGO stage, and pelvic lymph node dissection are the main risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after treatment of gynecologic cancers.