NKR and TLR are most important receptor superfamilies in innate immunity and act as first line of host defense against infection. Those receptors exert peculiar recognition mechanisms to sense danger signals and distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. More importantly, they coordinate and regulate each other and therefore play major roles in initiation of innate immunity and also help to direct adaptive immune responses. The importance of recognition and interaction of those receptors are highlighted. The precise mechanisms can be harnessed to aid the rational design of therapy against infection, inflammation, cancer or autoimmune diseases.

The development of the nerves of the small intestine was studied in 26 human fetuses with the gestational age of 11 to 40 weeks.The findings are as follows:(1)The distance between the Auerbach's ganglia and the muscular layer is small in the early fetal period and it increases progressively as the fetus grows.(2)The density of neuropils increases gradually.(3)The number of large gradual vacuoles (LGV) is small in the 3rd month of gestation,and it increases gradually and is quite numerous in the 6th month.(4)The morphology of the synapses is not so typical as that of an adult.(5)The peak values of the stereological morphological parameters of the organelles in the neurons appear between the 4th-6th month and maintain at a relatively high level until the baby is bron.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Every stage of tumor initiation and development closely relates to immune regulation as tumor cells tend to evade attacks from immune system by employing the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction.Therefore,targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy.Radiotherapy has long been considered a local tumor treatment modality and it is immune-inhibitory.However,accumulated evidence has shown that radiotherapy might enhance immune function by eliminating the tumor mass and has become a systemic tumor treatment modality.These observations indicate a strong rationale that the radiotherapy and anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy may work synergistically to provide a powerful anti-tumor effect.This review discusses current progresses,challenges and perspectives of this novel combination treatment modality.

Objective To study the clinical significance of D‐D ,NT‐proBNP and serum lipoprotein(a) level in patients with acute ischemic stroke .Methods 150 cases of patients with acute ischemic stroke from March 2013 to March 2015 were selected as the observation group .And 50 cases of healthy physical examination were selected as control group .The levels of D‐D ,NT‐proBNP and serum lipoprotein(a) were detected in D groups .According to the nerve function defect score ,the three indexes were analyzed and studied .Results The D‐D polymer ,NT‐proBNP and serum lipoprotein(a) levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,the D groups were statistically significant(P<0 .05) .The levels of D‐D ,NT‐proBNP and serum lip‐oprotein(a) in the patients with severe were significantly higher than those in light and medium ,and the level of the three indexes increased gradually(P<0 .05) with the severity of the disease .Lacunar stroke with the D‐dimer ,NT‐proBNP and serum lipid pro‐tein(a) level was significantly higher than that in non lacunar group patients(P<0 .05) .Conclusion D‐D ,NT‐proBNP and serum lipoprotein(a) in the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke patients are high clinical value ,it is worth popularizing widely .

Objective To find out the possession and utilization of urban medical resources in Henan as well as other factors like medical quality, service level and human resources. Methods A general investigation was made of the possession and structure of health resources and the level of medical services in second tier urban hospitals and above in 18 cities of Henan Province. Results There are altogether 182 second tier urban hospitals in the province, with a total of 51 107 beds and a total of 22 859 doctors. The ratio of doctors to nurses is 1∶1 04, the bed utilization rate is 65 55%, the bed workdays are 234 63 days, the average bed turnover frequency is 15 51 times, and the average length of stay is 13 87 days. The average income surplus per hospital is 1 502 700 yuan, with the income from the sale of pharmaceuticals accounting for 44 67% of the total income. Conclusion The operating efficiency of second tier urban hospitals and above in Henan Province is close to the average national level, the structure of hospital allocations needs readjustment, and the percentage of income from the sale of pharmaceuticals is on the high side.

Objective To observe the impact of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on blood pressure and heart rate in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 48 adult SCI patients who accepted HBO therapy from March to November, 2014, were observed. Other 48 non-SCI patients matched sexes and ages were as the controls. Their blood pressure and heart rate were measured before chambering, before compression, HBO for 30 minutes, before decompression and at the end of decompression. The patients were divided into high SCI group and low SCI group based on the injury levels above or below T4. Results The blood pressure was lower in the high SCI patients than their controls (t>6.337, P<0.001), and increased as taking in the oxygen. There was no significant difference between the high SCI patients than their controls as they took in for 30 minutes and before the decompression (P>0.05). No difference was found between both groups in heart rate (P>0.05). For the low SCI patients, neither the blood pressure nor the heart rate was different from their controls (P>0.05). Conclusion The blood pressure may increase during HBO intaking in the high SCI patients, which need be paid attention to.

AIM: To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib on kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat and the underlying mechanism.METHODS: The rat model of DN was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 55 mg/kg.One week after STZ injection, the rats with blood glucose level exceeding 16.7 mmol/L were identified as diabetic.Diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: STZ group and STZ+erlotinib group.In addition, the normal rats were used as control group.The rats in STZ+erlotinib group were treated with erlotinib at 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 4 weeks(5th~8th week).The fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum creatinine (SCr) and 24 h urine protein were measured.The pathological changes of the kidney were observed by HE staining and Masson staining.The protein levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, collagen Ⅳ (ColⅣ) and fibronectin in the kidney tissues were determined by Western blot.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the renal tissues were futher analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of FBG, 24 h urine protein and Scr were significantly increased in STZ group (P<0.01).Compared with STZ group, the levels of FBG, 24 h urine protein and SCr in STZ+erlotinib group were markedly decreased (P<0.05).In additon, the glomerular structure was restored to normal, the proliferative degree of mesangial cells markedly attenuated, and the epithelial cells were in alignment in STZ+erlotinib group.Moreover, erlotinib significantly inhibited the protein levels of p-EGFR, TGFβ1, p-Smad2/3, ColⅣ and fibronectin in the kidney tissues of STZ rats.In addition, erlotinib also significantly inhibited the levels of ROS and MDA in the kidney tissues of STZ rats.CONCLUSION: Erlotinib ameliorates STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy possibly through inhibiting the activation of EGFR/TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in association with suppression of fibrosis and oxidative stress.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of injecting the tumescent fluid into the separated space in breast augmentation by transaxillary incision under gerenal anesthesia. Methods In 203 cases of breast augmentations by transaxillary incision, some tumescent fluid was injected into the incision and submuscular or subgland space, and then separated under general anethesia. By comparison of the 210 cases without tumescent fluid, the advantages and the clinical significances of this approach were discussed. Results There were less bleeding, early allevation of pain after operation and decreased incidence of local congestion and swelling in patients with tumescent fluid. Conclusion The tumescent fluid could reduce bleeding, early pain after operation and local congestion and swelling in the breast augmentation under general anesthesia.

In order to study the structure-function relationship in the protein which is incorporated with p-nitro-L-phenylalanine,the method of MD(Molecular Dynamics) simulation was established and successfully used in the analysis of protein which contains p-nitro-L-phenylalanine.The force field of CHARMM can only stimulate protein with natural amino acid in NAMD.Compared with phenylalanine,p-nitro-L-phenylalanine just has one more group of nitro.If the parameter of group of nitro was defined,the protein containing p-nitro-L-phenylalanine can be simulated.CGenFF-paramchem was used to calculate the energy and topological structure of p-nitro-L-phenylalanine' s new bonds (r),angles (θ),dihendrals (φ) and improper angle (ψ).And then the new defined parameter and topology information was input into the related parameter files and topology files in CHARMM.On the basis of correct parameter,NAMD can successfully simulate the modified BAFF(B lymphocyte stimulator) which contains p-nitro-L-phenylalanine.The changes in structure indicated that there might be new B cell epitopes.The temperature distribution of each frame in the process of dynamics stimulation was in accord with normal distribution,which proved the defined force field parameters was feasible.The RMSD of whole protein solution systemis 2.5.Calculate each resides' RMSF in BAFF,the RMSF of p-nitro-L-phenylalanine's residue is 3.7,which is obviously higher than that of the other residues in β-pleated sheet,and close to the loop rings,indicate that there might be variation in the area of p-nitro-L-phenylalanine residue and might produce new comformational epitopes.The results of MD stimulation will guide the immunogenicity experiments of p-nitro-L-phenylalanine modified proteins.