Asaresult,establishinganimalmodelsoflivercancerisofhighvalue.Therearetwoparts of the establishment of animal models-the selection of laboratory animals and the source of tumors.The animal models could be classified into different patterns due to difference sources of tumor,and these different patterns possess distinctive characters and limitations.The ideally animal models should satisfy the general requirements of biological habits,biochemical properties,and pathological features which are similar with human hepatocel-lular and easy to establish.

Objective To develop a PDA-based wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system meeting the requirements of doctors in mobile work.Methods ECG signals were received from hospital monitor center through mobile network,and then were analyzed with digital signal processing technology and electrocardiographic information processing technology.The results were sent to patients as soon as the data were diagnosed by doctors,thus realizing the real-time monitoring.Results PDA-based wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system applied many advanced technologies such as mobile communication technology,blue-tooth technology,embedded database technology,etc.so that doctors could examine patients' records and electrocardiogram at any place and in any time.Conclusion Clinical experimental results show that the system fulfils doctors' requirements and improves their work greatly.

Objective To detect the expression of Id1 and HBx in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue samples and analyzed the correlation between Id1 expression levels and clinicopathological features of patients.Methods Tumor tissue samples obtained from a total of 113 HCC patients.The expression of Id1 proteins of these samples were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluated by two independent pathologists.The corrections between the clinical pathological parameters and the IHC scores for Id1and the prognostic significance were statistical analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.Results Ninty-six of 113 patients is HBV-related HCC.Over-expression of Id1 were found positively correlated with the HBsAg ＞ 200 s/n,histological grade,portal vein invasion.Patients with Id1 overexpression had both shorter disease-free and overall survival times.Conclusions High expression of Id1 was correlated with serum HBsAg,histological grade,portal vein invasion and poor clinical outcomes in HBV-related HCC.

Objective:To discusse the clinical features of sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma to improve the understanding of diagnosis and treatment for sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:Data including clinical features and follow-up from 8 pa-tients admitted in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2009 to April 2014 were retrospectively ana-lyzed. Results: The average age of all patients was 56.6 years old, and the male-to-female ratio was 3:1. Preoperative CT or MRI showed specific characteristics but it was difficult to confirm diagnosis. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed an expressed epithelial-like phenotype. All 8 patients had advanced local tumor invasion and high lymph node metastasis rates. These patients received surgery, and the median survival time was 10.8 months (3 months to 35 months). Conclusion:Diagnosis of sarcoma-toid hepatocellular carcinoma mainly depended on postoperative pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry was beneficial for sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Surgical treatment prolonged survival time, but the overall prognosis remained poor.

Three-dimensional structure model of azoreductase AZR of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was con- structed using homology modeling method. It is a flavodoxin adopting ?/? structure. Structure alignment of two different types of flavin-dependent azoreductases revealed that they possessed high similarity. Based on sequence and structure analysis, site-directed mutagenesis of K109H and K109A were performed. The opti- mal pH values are pH 6 and pH 9 for K109H and K109A mutant protein, respectively. The optimal tempera- ture (30℃) is not affected by mutagenesis. Positively charged residues at position 109 is necessary for the binding of methyl red, while K109H is not a conserved mutagenesis for the binding of NADPH. K109 may only be involved in the binding of the 2’-phosphate group of NADPH and have no effect on the binding of NADH.

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment strategies and factors influencing the prognosis of patients with primary gallbladder carcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data of 135 patients with primary gallbladder cancer who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2000 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rates were analyzed by using the Log-rank test.Factors which may have influences on the prognosis were analyzed by univariate analysis and COX multivariate analysis.ResultsThe overall 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of the 135 patients were 46.7％,10.4％ and 5.2％,respectively.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of 74 patients who received radical resection of gallbladder cancer were 68.9％,18.9％ and 9.5％,respectively.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of 50 patients who received palliative treatment were 24.0％,0 and 0,respectively.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of 11 patients who received conservative treatment were 0,0 and 0,respectively.There was no significant difference in the survival rates among patients who received different treatment methods (x2 =5.642,P ＜ 0.05 ). Of the 9 patients with gallbladder cancer who received reoperation after laparoscopic choledochotomy,the survival time of 1 patient in stage Ⅰ and 1 of the 3 patients in stage Ⅱ who received radical surgery exceeded 5 years,while the survival time of 5 patients in stage Ⅱ who received palliative treatment was shorter than 5 years.There was a significant difference in the survival time among the 3 groups of patients ( x2 =5.642,P＜0.05).Under the condition of same TNM stages ( Ⅱ,ⅢA,ⅢB,ⅣA,ⅣB),the survival rates of patients who received radical resection of gallbladder cancer were significantly higher than those who received palliative or conservative treatment ( x2 =8.971,21.250,44.153,6.696,21.722,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of univariate analysis showed that age,CA19-9,TNM stages and treatment methods were risk factors influencing the median survival time ( x2 =8.466,3.977,9.837,5.642,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of multivariate analysis showed that age,TNM stages and treatment methods were the independent risk factors influencing the median survival time ( Wald=5.779,14.724,11.640,P＜0.05).ConclusionThe prognosis of primary gallbladder cancer is poor.Age,TNM stages and treatment methods are the independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer,and patients who receive radical resection have relatively good prognosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and the criteria for the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome.Methods The clinical characteristics of 36 cases of POEMS syndrome were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the cases reported in literature.Results In addition to the typical characteristics of polyneuropathy(100%),organomegaly(92%),endocrinopathy(86%),monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorder(100%) and skin changes(86%),the patients of POEMS syndrome also have other important features including extravascular volume overload(97%),papilledema(57%) and bone lesions(25%).Furthermore,25% of POEMS syndrome patients have co-existent Castleman disease.Conclusion To make the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome,both major and minor criteria are required.The former includes polyneuropathy and monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorder and the latter includes osteosclerotic bone lesions,Castleman disease,papilledema,organomegaly,edema or serous cavity effusion,endocrinopathy and skin changes.

Objective To explore the efficacy and immune reconstitution of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in the treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). MethodsOne patient with refractory ITP was treated with APBSCT, the effectiveness and the process of immune reconstitution were analyzed retrospectively. Results The case was mobilized by cyclophosphamide (CY) plus G-CSF and 4.7?106/kg CD34+ cell was gained totally. Neutrophil and platelet were engrafted at 11th and 12th day without severe complications following the conditioning of TBI and CY. Although the each phenotype of the peripheral blood lymphocytes recovered gradually 6 months after the transplant,inverted CD4/CD8 ratio exited and memory T cell was improved much earlier than naive T cell. The platelete count was constantly over 100?109/L and the patient was in complete remission after a follow-up of 31 months.Conclusion APBSCT is a potential approach in the treatment of refractory ITP.

Objective To improve hand hygiene compliance among health care workers(HCWs)through continu-ous quality improvement,and effectively reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI).Methods Continuous quality improvement was performed by adopting plan-do-check-action(PDCA)cycle,all HCWs were trained,hand hygiene was stressed,periodical and random checking was conducted.Results After the implementa-tion of PDCA cycle,the acknowledge rate of hand hygiene enhanced from 48.00% to 63.99%;hand hygiene com-pliance rate enhanced from 65.11% to 82.40%,the difference were both significant(χ2=12.75,259.65,respective-ly,both P<0.05).The daily consumption of instant hand antiseptic per 1 000 bed day increased obviously,which was 2.95-fold of pre-implementation.Conclusion Continuous quality improvement through PDCA cycle can effec-tively improve hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs.

[Objective]To investigate the molecular mechanism of abnormal platelet activation induced by platelet O2 ·- and H2O2 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.[Methods]The platelet parameters in patients with type 2 diabetic patients and normal controls were measured;Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the platelet morphology changing;Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet intracellular O2 ·- and H2O2 content in two groups,then with platelets in normal controls treated with NADH/PMS system and H2O2 respectively,platelet activation positive percentage was observed. Standard Western blot analysis protocols were used to detect expression difference of Catalase and type 2 super-oxide dismutase(Mn-SOD)in platelets.[Results]The MPV in the group of type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than in the normal control group(P < 0.001),but there was no statisticdifference in PLT,PDW,PCT between two groups. Immunofluorescence results showed that morphology of platelets in type 2 diabetic patients changed contrast to normal group. Through flowcytometry detection,the content of mitochondrial O2·-and H2O2 of platelet in type 2 diabetic patients were obviously higher than in normal group(P<0.05),whereas no significant difference in cytoplasmic O2·-. We adopted NADH/PMS system and H2O2 to treat platelets of normal group,heightened activated positive percentage were observed which described O2 ·- and H2O2 can significantly promote platelet activation(P<0.01). Western blot results showed that expression of Catalase in platelet of type 2diabetes patients decreased,while the expression and activity of Mn-SOD had no difference.[Conclusion]It is diabetic platelet Catalase expression decreased that may lead to Diabetic platelet mitochondrial O 2 ·- and H2O2 level increased ,thus regulating aberrant activation of diabetic platelet.