Euthyroid Sick Syndromes ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; blood ; etiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Thyronines ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influencing factors of transient hypothyroxinemia (THT) and low T3 syndrome (LT3S) in premature infants.

METHODWe have studied 418 premature infants whose gestational age was between 26 and 36 weeks.Serum thyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH) of them were detected on the fourteenth day approximately after birth. The patients were divided according to their serum T4, T3 and TSH into 3 groups (transient hypothyroxinemia, low T3 syndrome and normal). Then 20 Perinatal factors which may be associated with THT and LT3S were collected. The factors were analyzed by using Chi-square test and Logistic regression.

RESULTForty-nine infants were found suffering from THT, 35 infants suffering from LT3S, and 334 infants in normal group. The prevalence rate of THT was 11.7%, and the prevalence rate of LT3S was 8.4%. Among the 20 factors, the factors related to the incidence of THT were male gender (OR = 1.863, 95%CI 0.966-3.594), albumin (OR = 2.401, 95%CI 1.294-4.455), dopamine (OR = 3.295, 95%CI 1.110-9.783) and those related to the incidence of LT3S were male gender (OR = 2.592, 95%CI 1.171-5.736), gestational age ≤ 28 wk (OR = 3.503, 95%CI 1.275-9.627).

CONCLUSIONMale gender, albumin and dopamine are perinatal risk factors of THT, meanwhile, male gender and gestational age ≤ 28 wk are perinatal risk factors of LT3S.With the use of risk factors identified in our study, it may be possible to separate infants having the highest risk of THT and LT3S, so as to form optimizing treatment strategies.

Case-Control Studies ; Dopamine ; adverse effects ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; blood ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyronines ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of T(3) on the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and ferritin (Fn) in K562 cells and its possible mechanism.

METHODSFlow cytometry was used for the detection of TfR expression, radioimmunoassay for Fn expression, RNA/protein band shift assay for the binding activity of iron regulatory protein (IRP) and iron responsive elements (IRE), and RT-PCR for TfR and Fn mRNA levels.

RESULTSDifferent concentration of T(3) significantly increased Fn expression of K562 cells, especially at 100 nmol/L and 200 nmol/L (p < 0.05). However, T(3) had no effect on TfR expression. T(3) decreased the binding activity between IRP and IRE, particularly at concentration of 50 nmol/L. Different concentration of T(3) increased Fn-H mRNA level at different time point while it had no effect on TfR mRNA level.

CONCLUSIONT(3) increased Fn expression of K562 cells through the possible mechanisms of either the post-transcriptional regulation or transcriptional modulation.

Ferritins ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Radioimmunoassay ; Receptors, Transferrin ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Triiodothyronine ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDVisfatin, a visceral fat-derived adipocytokine, plays a significant physiological function in lipid metabolism. However, the precise function of visfatin and its regulation by thyroid hormones are still unknown. This study observed the plasma visfatin concentrations in subjects with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in vivo, and investigated the possible regulation mechanism between visfatin and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in vitro as a further interpretation.

METHODSThe experiment in vivo included clinical subjects (57 patients with thyroid dysfunction and 29 euthyroid healthy volunteers) and an animal model (24 Wistar rats). All subjects were divided into hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and euthyroidism groups, with plasma thyroid hormones, thyrotropin, visfatin and triglyceride concentrations determined. Visfatin mRNA expression in visceral fat and liver of rats was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The experiment in vitro studied 3T3-L1 cells and visfatin mRNA expression under nine different T3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 nmol/L) using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTSClinical subjects and animal models showed elevated plasma visfatin concentrations in the hyperthyroidism group (20.466 ng/ml (15.263, 26.795 ng/ml) and (1209.164±165.292) ng/L) and hypothyroidism group (12.457 ng/ml (11.115, 15.454 ng/ml) and (1205.425±109.200) ng/L) compared to euthyroidism group (6.891 ng/ml (5.888, 8.803 ng/ml) and (926.650±54.002) ng/L, P<0.001). For animal models, visfatin mRNA expression in visceral fat in the hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism groups increased about 3.33-fold and 1.98-fold compared to the euthyroidism group (P<0.001), which was positively correlated with plasma visfatin concentrations (r=0.713, P<0.001). However, no significant group difference (P>0.05) and correlation (r=0.121, P=0.572) was found in the liver. T3 induced a remarkable increase of visfatin mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells at low concentrations (0-0.5 nmol/L T3) followed by a sharp decrease at higher concentrations (0.5-100 nmol/L T3), with an inflection point at 0.5 nmol/L T3.

CONCLUSIONElevated circulating visfatin levels in subjects with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are possibly due to an increase of visfatin mRNA expression in visceral fat, and a nonlinear regulation mechanism on visfatin mRNA expression under various T3 concentrations might be involved.

3T3-L1 Cells ; Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypothyroidism ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Triiodothyronine ; blood

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in cardiovascular function. Pericardial effusions are commonly seen in cases of severe hypothyroidism. However, large to massive pericardial effusions with cardiac tamponade are exceptionally rare. Herein, we present two cases of severe hypothyroidism with massive pericardial effusion. Our first case demonstrates that a patient with large pericardial effusion can be managed conservatively with aggressive thyroid hormone replacement therapy. In our second case, pericardiocentesis was performed in addition to thyroid hormone replacement therapy as the underlying aetiology of effusion could not be reasonably limited to hypothyroidism. These two cases served to highlight and demonstrate rapid normalisation of thyroid function test by using aggressive oral thyroid hormone replacement therapy using liothyronine, in combination with levothyroxine, which led to resolution of pericardial effusion and prevent its re-accumulation.
Pericardial Effusion ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine

BACKGROUND: The analytical performance of the Vitros ECi(R) Immunodiagnostic System on the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and estradiol (E2) assays, which are based on electrochemical luminescence to replace the radioimmunoassay was evaluated. METHODS: The precision as measured by the NCCLS protocol and a comparison of the method were done for each TSH, FT3, FT4, and E2 assay. The functional sensitivity and linearity tests were performed for both TSH and E2. The free hormone validity test was performed for both the FT3 and FT4. RESULTS: All four analytes showed an acceptable precision. The functional sensitivities of TSH and E2 were 0.007 mIU/L, and 87 pmol/L, respectively. TSH and E2 showed excellent linearity up to 78 mIU/mL, and up to 7,700 pmol/L, respectively. The free hormone validity test showed acceptable results demonstrating accurate free hormone determination. The E2 showed a significant proportion-al bias requiring an adjustment of the reference range, However, the other analytes showed good agreement with a slight proportional bias. CONCLUSIONS: The TSH, FT3, FT4, and E2 assay by Vitros ECi(R) exhibited excellent performance overcoming the drawbacks of a conventional radioimmunoassay.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Estradiol* ; Luminescence ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reference Values ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine* ; Triiodothyronine*

We report an anesthetic experience in a clinically euthyroid patient with hyperthyroxinemia (elevated free thyroxine, fT4 and normal 3, 5, 3'-L-triiodothyronine, T3) and suspected impairment of conversion from T4 to T3. Despite marked hyperthyroxinemia, this patient's perioperative hemodynamic profile was suspected to be the result of hypothyroidism, in reference to the presence of T4 to T3 conversion disorder. We suspected that pretreatment with antithyroid medication before surgery, surgical stress and anesthesia may have contributed to the decreased T3 level after surgery. She was treated with liothyronine sodium (T3) after surgery which restored her hemodynamic profile to normal. Anesthesiologists may be aware of potential risk and caveats of inducing hypothyroidism in patients with euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia and T4 to T3 conversion impairment.
Anesthesia ; Conversion Disorder ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hyperthyroxinemia* ; Hypothyroidism ; Sodium ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine

PURPOSE: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was usually performed by the batch assay. To improve the efficiency of RIA without increase of the cost and time, random assay could be a choice. We investigated the possibility of the random assay using automatic dispenser by assessing the agreement between batch assay and random assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiments were performed with four items; Triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), Prostate specific antigen (PSA), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In each item, the sera of twenty patients, the standard, and the control samples were used. The measurements were done 4 times with 3 hour time intervals by random assay and batch assay. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the standard samples and patients' data in T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA were assessed. ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficient) and coefficient of correlation were measured to assessing the agreement between two methods. RESULTS: The CVs (%) of T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA measured by batch assay were 3.2+/-1.7%, 3.9+/-2.1%, 7.1+/-6.2%, 11.2+/-7.2%. The CVs by random assay were 2.1+/-1.7%, 4.8+/-3.1%, 3.6+/-4.8%, and 7.4+/-6.2%. The ICC between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9968 (T3), 0.9973 (fT4), 0.9996 (PSA), and 0.9901 (CEA). The coefficient of correlation between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9924(T3), 0.9974 (fT4), 0.9994 (PSA), and 0.9989 (CEA) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of random assay showed strong agreement with the batch assay in a day. These results suggest that random assay using automatic dispenser could be used in radioimmunoassay.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Humans ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine

An anastomosis of the vas deferens was performed on 17 patients since 1963.Semen specimens were examined repeatedly in 15 cases of the series after periods from 2 to 24 weeks following removal of the splint. The fifteen were found to have viable sperm in their ejaculates but one of these patients subsequently became azoospermic again. Three of the fifteen cases had some degree of deteriorated effects after the previous vasectomy but they were free of the complications following the successful anastomosis of the vas deferens. Operative rechnics were discussed. In this series 2-0 dermalon was used as a splint in 15 cases and stainless steel wire was used in 2 cases. Liothyronine was given to 16 of 17 patients at or before the operation for periods from 1 to 6months. Over-all successful results would indicate about 65 per cent of the cases operated in the literature. The author's small series indicates that more than 90 per cent of the operated cases could be successful in this operative procedure from the cytological point of view.
Humans ; Nylons ; Spermatozoa ; Splints ; Stainless Steel ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Triiodothyronine ; Vas Deferens* ; Vasectomy*

AIMTo know the effect of cysteamine (CS) on the plasma levels of somatostatin (SS) and some metabolic hormones in adult geese.

METHODSFourteen adult crossbred geese (Chuan white x Tai lake) fitted with chronic wing vein cannulas were used in this study to evaluate the effect of CS on SS, TSH, T3 and T4 levels. The experiment was consisted of control and treated phase. The diet was added CS at dosage of 100 mg/kg bw on the first day of the treated phase. The blood samples were collected from the cannulas and analyzed by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSThe plasma SS concentration was (1.87 +/- 0.10) microg/L in control phase. Whereas SS concentrations on day 1, 3, 5, 7 of treated phase were decreased markedly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Thereafter it was rose on the seventh day, however it was still lower than that of control. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) content (2.45 +/- 0.31 mIU/L) was significantly decreased by 21.63% (P < 0.01) on day 1, and 18.37% (P > 0.05) on day 3 and day 5. Comparing with control phase (5.41 +/- 0.98 microg/L), T4 contents were elevated by 60.26% (P < 0.01), 43.25% (P < 0.01), 37.15% (P < 0.01) and 16. 82% (P < 0.01) respectively on day 1, 3, 5, 7. T3 level was (1.05 +/- 0.06) microg/L in control phase, whereas the levels was significantly increased by 36.19% (P < 0.01) on day 3. Also, the insulin concentration was higher than that of control (4.43 +/- 0.41 mU/ L) by 18.28% (P < 0.05) on the day 5.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that CS can decrease the plasma SS and TSH levels, whereas increase the levels of T4, T3 and insulin, therefore change metabolism, improve the nutrition transform and accelerate the growth in geese.

Animals ; Cysteamine ; pharmacology ; Diet ; Geese ; Insulin ; blood ; Somatostatin ; blood ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood