From 8 to 16 years old, the thyroid volume of normal people has insignificant difference between males and females. but from 17 years old and later, this volume is higher in males than in females. From 8 to 14 years old, there is insignificant difference in volume between left and right lobe, but from 15 years old, the volume of right lobe is higher than that of left lobe. The volume of thyroid tends to increase over time and gain maximum value at 25 to 30 years old, then decrease with age. this volume of normal male adult (18-80 years) is 13.35ml and that of normal female adult is 11.12ml.
Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography

In the year period of 1998-2002, in the Hospital N07 in Hai Duong province and the Hospital Buu Dien in HaNoi. 117 patients (99 females and 18 males, aged 17-69) who were clinically diagnosed as thyroid nucleous, goiter were undergone a fine needle puncture biopsy. Results showed a consistency between clinical diagnosis and ultrasound in 92.9% of solid form, 93.1% liquid form and in mixt form, the consistency rate was lower 55.5%. Between clinical diagnosis and ultrasound, there was a consistency in the determination of 76% of the number of goiters, and the consistency rate was higher between these 2 diagnostic methods, 81/85 in solid form and 25/27 in liquid form, while in mixt form the technique of fine needle aspiration puncture notified more cases than ultrasound 11 versus 5
Thyroid Gland ; ultrasonography ; Goiter

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a developmental anomaly that usually appears in early childhood. The common presentation is midline swelling of the neck, which moves with both tongue protrusion and deglutition. Diagnosis is usually clinical and radiological. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be used as a tool for the exclusion of malignancy in adult patients. In some cases thyroid scan is done to rule out the presence or absence of the normal thyroid gland. A complete work-up is mandatory before cyst removal given that it contains only thyroid tissue. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with only thyroid tissue in thyroglossal duct cyst.
Thyroglossal Cyst ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Catheter Ablation* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Ultrasonography

On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Ultrasonography*

Background/Introduction: While manual clinical and imaging diagnosis methods expose their shortcomings such as errors, ultrasound becomes an appropriate technique for the measurement of the thyroid volume. \r\n', u'Objectives: We determine the thyroid in patient with Basedow disease by ultrasonography before radioiodine, diameter, measurement of thyroid volume, and the lesion echogenicity.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The study groups consist of 264 patients, in which there are 53 men (20.07%) and 211 women (79.92%), in Bach Mai Hospital. The youngest is 16 years old and the oldest is 73. With a medium age of (42.97 \uf0b1 12.06) years (range from 16 to 73). The most common group ranging from 40 to 50 years of age, equivalent to a number of 80 patients (30.30%). Surveyed participants include 1845 people with normal thyroid. All of them underwent ultrasound scans with a 7.5 MHZ transducer. This is a prospective study. \r\n', u'Results/Outcomes: The average volume of thyroid is (37.03 \uf0b1 19.77) ml compared to the group with approximate thyroid volumes (p > 0.05 based on the ANOVA). Basedow patients\u2019 thyroid volumes tends to be bigger at the adult age, and were bigger than those of normal people (p = 0.0001 t test). 138 (52.27%) surveyed patients had diffuse injuries. 126 patients (47.73%) have thyroid glands which contained multiple nodules. 197 (96.57%) of them had nodules that were \r\n', u'solid echodense and echomix, and 35 (16.36%) had calcifications.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Ultrasonography (US) has become an important asset in thedetermination of thyroid volume at referred for 131I treatment and the evaluation of thyroid nodules of patients with Basedows\u2019 disease associated with nodules. These data suggest the value of surgery in Basedows\u2019 disease associated with nodules, to eliminate the risk of malignancy.\r\n', u'
Thyroid gland ; Basedow disease ; Ultrasonography (US) ; Thyroid

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules with minimal cystic changes. METHODS: A total of consecutive 1,000 thyroid nodules (≥1 cm) with final diagnoses from twoinstitutions were included in this study. The risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules was analyzed according to the internal content, which was categorized as purely solid, minimally cystic (cystic changes ≤10%), and partially cystic (cystic changes >10%). We also assessed the risk of malignancy of nodules with minimal cystic changes depending on echogenicity and presence of any suspicious ultrasonografic (US) features. RESULTS: The overall frequency of purely solid, minimally cystic, and partially cystic noduleswas 730/1,000 (73%), 61/1,000 (6.1%), and 209/1,000 (20.9%), respectively, with risks ofmalignancy of 14.8% (108/730), 3.3% (2/61), and 3.3% (7/209), respectively. The risk ofmalignancy of nodules with minimal cystic changes was significantly lower than that of purelysolid nodules (P=0.013). The risk of malignancy of nodules with minimal cystic changes was also lower than that of purely solid nodules in the group of hypoechoic nodules (P=0.063) and in the group of nodules with suspicious US features (P=0.028), but was not significantly different from that of partially cystic nodules regardless of echogenicity or the presence of suspicious US features (P≥0.652). CONCLUSION: Thyroid nodules with minimal cystic changes have a low risk of malignancy, similar to that of partially cystic nodules regardless of echogenicity or the presence of suspicious US features. The US lexicon could define solid nodules as nodules with purely solid internal content in order to enhance the accuracy of estimated risks of malignancy.
Diagnosis ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Ultrasonography

With the improvements in the technology, ultrasonography of the thyroid has been applied to characterize the appearance and distinct featuresof thyroid nodules. In this review, we discuss the sonographic findings of thyroid nodules and we confirm that sonography has a definite role for diagnosing and evaluating thyroid nodules.
Diagnosis ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Ultrasonography*