OBJECTIVETo study the changes in the constituent ratio of patients received surgical therapy for their thyroid diseases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1986 to 2012.

METHODSThe clinical data of patients received surgical therapy with pathologically confirmed findings from 1986 to 2012 were collected, and a corresponding database was established. The constituent ratios of thyroid diseases and thyroid malignant tumor among different population groups in different years were analyzed.

RESULTSThe number of patients with thyroid diseases admitted to our hospital had significantly increased in the past 27 years, particularly those with nodular goiter or thyroid cancer. The composition ratios of thyroid cancer and nodular goiter increased significantly, and among malignancies the papillary thyroid carcinoma increased obviously. The detection rate of papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma had continuously increased since 2008.

CONCLUSIONThyroid diseases and malignant tumor pathological types had dramatically changed in hospitalized patients in our hospital in the past 27 years.

Adult ; Female ; Goiter, Nodular ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology

Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine ; deficiency ; urine ; Male ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology

Objective: To analyze the thyroid condition and influencing factors of radiation workers, and to provide scientific basis for radiation protection management. Methods: In April 2020, 4308 radiation workers from October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019 were collected for occupational health examination in Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, the data included basic information, Thyroid hormone level and thyroid color doppler ultrasound results. The thyroid status of radiation workers in different subgroups was compared. The influencing factors of Thyroid nodule were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: 616 radiation workers had abnormal thyroid gland (14.3%, 616/4308) . The main manifestations of thyroid gland abnormality were abnormal Thyroid nodule (5.1%, 220/4308) and abnormal TSH level (7.1%, 308/4308) . Compared with the male radiation workers, the abnormal rate of Thyroid nodule, T3 and Tsh in female radiation workers was higher (P<0.05) , and the abnormal rate of Thyroid nodule, T3 and T4 increased with the increase of working age (P<0.05) . Radiation Workers in non-rated medical institutions and private medical institutions had the highest detection rate of Thyroid nodule (P<0.05) , and there was no significant difference in thyroid abnormalities among Workers (P<0.05) . By multiple logistic regression analysis, Sex (female) , age and institution type (private) were all independent risk factors for Thyroid nodule (95% CI: 1.548~2.763、1.002~1.030, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Ionizing radiation can cause thyroid damage in radiation workers, so we should pay more attention to the radiation protection management of female, high age, private and district medical organizations, so as to protect the health of radiation workers.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Occupational Exposure/analysis* ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Thyroid Nodule/epidemiology*

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common clinical condition, whereas it's natural course has not been identified distinctly. We evaluated the natural history of 169 SCH patients over 5-yr and the prognostic factors including thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid ultrasonographic (USG) findings related to develop overt hypothyroidism. After 5 yr, 47.3% of patients showed normalization of TSH, while 36.7% of patients remained persistence of high level of TSH, and overt hypothyroidism developed in 11.2% of patients. There were painless thyroiditis (2.9%) and hyperthyroidism (1.7%) during 5 yr follow-up. The thyroid nodule was seen in 48.6% of patients. Most of patients had 1 to 2 nodules whereas only 3% of patients with thyroid nodule had more than 6 nodules. Overt hypothyroidism patients had more heterogenous echogenecity in USG compared to patients with normalization or persistent SCH (76.5% vs 50.0% vs 35.0%, P = 0.048) and higher prevalence positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO Ab) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab) and titer of anti-TPO Ab than other two groups. The cut off values for prediction of overt hypothyroidism were TSH > 7.45 microIU/mL, free T4 < 1.09 ng/dL and Anti-TPO Ab > 560 IU/mL. SCH has various courses and initial TSH, free T4, presence of thyroid autoantibody, titer of thyroid autoantibody; and thyroid USG findings can serve as a prognostic factor for progression of overt hypothyroidism. These parameters suggest consideration to initiate thyroid hormone treatment in SCH.
Asymptomatic Diseases/*epidemiology ; Autoantibodies/blood/immunology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology ; Hypothyroidism/*epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Thyroglobulin/immunology ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland/immunology ; Thyroid Nodule/epidemiology ; Thyroiditis/epidemiology ; Thyrotropin/*blood

Adult ; Asymptomatic Diseases/epidemiology* ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/etiology* ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Diseases/etiology* ; Young Adult

In order to determine the incidence and to understand recent trend of thyroid neoplasm and other thyroid diseases among Korean, a nation-wide collection of biopsy-confirmed and surgically removed thyroid lesions from 30 pathology laboratories of university and general hospitals was made over a 3-year-period from 1986 to 1988. These tumors and tumor-like lesions of the thyroid were classified according to the WHO classification. Results of this study were compared with those of the previous in Korea and other countries. Among the 7758 collected cases from 7449 patients, adenomatous goiter was the most common, comprising 2681 cases (34.6%), followed by follicular adenoma, 1868 cases (24.1%) and papillary carcinoma, 1474 cases (19%). Neoplastic condition comprised 48.8% (3786 cases). Of malignant tumors, papillary carcinoma was the most frequent accounting for 79.8%. The female to male ratio was 7.5:1 with female predominance. This female predominance was noted in all but two thyroid diseases. Medullary carcinoma showed equal distribution in both sexes, and two cases of malignant lymphoma developed in males. Thyroid diseases were common at the 3rd to 6th decades with peak incidence at the 4th decade. The right lobe of the thyroid was more frequently involved than the left lobe (1.6:1). The diagnoses were made largely on the surgically excised specimen (85.3%). Multiplicity of the lesions revealed single lesion in 64%, multiple and diffuse lesion in 36% of cases investigated. Average size of the lesion was in the range of 1-5 cm in diameter (62%).
Adenoma/diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma/diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lymphoma/diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Diseases/*epidemiology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in a community which did not use iodized salt.

METHODSThe survey was conducted in Panshan, Liaoning Province. 1 103 inhabitants aged 14 years or more attended the examinations, which included questionnaire, physical examination and serum analysis. Iodine in the urine and thyroid B ultrasound examination were also conducted.

RESULTSThe prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was 16.3 per thousand and 2.7 per thousand, respectively. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were detected in 37.2 per thousand and 9.1 per thousand of the subjects, respectively. Serum autoantibodies to thyroid were detected in 10.9% of the entire population. The prevalence of goiter was 20.7% (diffuse goiter 16.8% and nodular goiter 3.9%).

CONCLUSIONIn the iodine deficient areas, perhaps autoimmununization is not only related to the development of goiter but is also the main cause of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Goiter ; epidemiology ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; epidemiology ; Hypothyroidism ; epidemiology ; Iodine ; deficiency ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Thyroid Nodule ; epidemiology

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). METHODS: We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 385 patients from the New York City area diagnosed with TAO from January 1990 to December 2000. The total cases were divided into male and female groups and age-adjusted relative incidence rates were obtained to plot the incidence curve and clinical characteristics. Statistical analysis was applied to the collected data. RESULTS: The average age of patients with TAO was 46.3 years for females and 50.1 years for males. The female-male ratio was 5.31:1. In 23.3% of patients, the diagnosis of TAO was made simultaneously with their thyroid disease. In 75% of cases, the diagnosis was made within 18 months of the presentation of thyroid disease. Soft tissue involvement was noted most frequently in 311 (80.8%), eyelid retraction in 306 (79.5%), proptosis in 278 (72.2%), restrictive myopathy in 234 (60.8%), and compressive optic neuropathy in 43 (11.2%) of 385 patients. CONCLUSIONS: TAO has variable and different epidemiologic and clinical characteristics according to sex and age.
Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Muscular Diseases ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Diseases ; Troleandomycin

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of thyroid diseases and its influencing factors of iodine on thyroid gland function and autoimmune among fertile women in different iodine intake areas.

METHODSCross-sectional method was used for descriptive epidemiology. 236 women aged 19 to 45 years were sampled in 2011, in Shanxi province. Questionnaire was used to include general data on place, name, age etc. Sample of water from home, one time random urine sample and venous blood were collected to test the iodine contents using arsenic and cerium catalysis spectrophotometric methods. Finally, in blood, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotrophin (TSH) in blood were tested under auto-CLIA and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) through radio-immunological methods.

RESULTS1)The urine iodine's medians were 486.9 µg/L for fertile women in high iodine areas, and 192.6 µg/L in low iodine areas, with difference on urine iodine level statistically significant (Z = -10.676, P = 0.000). 2) Levels of blood FT3 and FT4 in women from high iodine areas were obviously lower than those from proper iodine areas(t = -2.884, P = 0.004; t = -2.862, P = 0.005), but the level of TSH in high iodine areas was higher than that of proper iodine areas(t = 2.332, P = 0.021). 3) In both areas, the rate of the thyroid dysfunction with positive antibodies was obviously higher than those with negative antibodies (χ² = 20.941, P = 0.000;χ² = 5.596, P = 0.018), while the rate of the thyroid dysfunction with positive antibodies and the level of TSH in the blood for high iodine women higher than those in women with proper iodine level(χ² = 5.708, P = 0.37;t = -2.177, P = 0.031). 4)The morbidity rate of inferior clinical hyperthyroidism for women in high iodine areas was obviously higher than those in proper iodine areas(χ² = 9.542, P = 0.003), while the morbidity rate of inferior clinical hypothyroidism for women with positive antibodies in two areas obviously higher than those with negative antibodies (χ² = 17.264, P = 0.000; χ² = 6.002, P = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONMorbidity rate of inferior clinical hypothyroidism for women in high iodine areas was obviously higher than those in proper iodine areas, suggesting that there were potential risks of hypothyroidism for overdose iodine intake which causing the existence of positive thyroid antibodies. Monitoring programs on iodine nutrition and thyroid function among women living in high iodine areas should be strengthened.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides ; administration & dosage ; Iodine ; urine ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology ; urine