In studying 155.633 subjects living in Ha Tay, among them 238 suffered from cerebral palsy, 54% of cases are male, 46% female. Gender ratio male/female: 1.16, varying with age groups. The highest 1.9 in under 10 years of age group. The lowest 0.2 of > 50 years of age group. Cerebral palsy patients mean age are 18.2 versus 28.3 of normal population in this survey. Average age and maximal age of cerebral palsy patients in Ha Tay are lower than those of the patients in developed countries
Cerebral Palsy ; Brain ; Brain Diseases

The study was conducted on 238 cerabral palsy palsy patients aged 0-68 years in 19 commune of Ha Tay province. In 41,2% of patients mobility function rehabilited by common methods, among them, 82% by oriental traditional medicine, 13% by western medicine method and 5% by combined methods, 24% by special methods. Provincial hospital played a very modeste role in functional rehabilitation from cerebral palsy and in Hospital at district level, the role was nearly none.
Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation ; Epimiology

The incidence of cerabral paralysis in Ha Tay Province is counted by 2 ways: the incidence on lower 5 years old children an “the incidence on newborn”. The incidence on children who were borned from 1/1/1994 to 31/12/1997 live to 5 years old is 3.01/1000 in which the highest years (1996) is 4.69/1000 and the lowest years (1994) is 1.97/1000. Rate of getting cerebral paralysis take 1/3 new cases at the same age group. Rate of death at ≤ 5 age take 1% nearly (112/1620). The rate include death in newborn. Number of ≤ 5 children death due to cerabral paralysis take 11% death cases total. New suffer cerabral paralysis rate from 1994-1997 is 4,18/1000 alive children
Paralysis ; Brain Ischemia ; epidemiology

The results of Danver test and Raven test on 238 > 6 years old of age children with cerebral palsy in HaTay province were assessed. With Ravent test, only 2% among them had not mental retardation, but 98% had mental retardation in various levels. Among the subjects of floppy form of cerebral palsy there is not any case of normal mental level, but a light level of retardation. With Denver test, 26% of cerebral palsy children had got normal development in comparing with the other. But there are different levels of retardation in various domains, 97% of cerebral palsy children got retardation in mobility domain, 85% in individual and social domain, 61% in adaptative mobility and 53.7% in laguage domain
Cerebral Palsy ; Brain ; Brain Diseases

Background: Virus is one of main causes of children acute encephalitis syndrome in countries of Asia south-east. In Vietnam, apart from Japanese Encephalitis Virus which is considered as main cause of children acute encephalitis syndrome, there are other viral pathologies, of which is Nam Dinh virus. Nam Dinh virus \ufffd?a novel Arbovirus was isolated from acute encephalitis syndrome patient in northern Vietnam, 2002. The circulation of this virus has been recognized in the north, central, and highland regions. Objective: To observe the multiplication of Nam Dinh virus on the Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36. Materials and method: In this study the ultra-thin section method was used to observe the multiplication of the Nam Dinh virus on the Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36, 48 hours post-infection. Results and Conclusion: Nam Dinh encephalitis virus got used to Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36 and damaged cells, 24-48 hours post-infection. Its multiplication is taking place in the cytoplasm, a typical characteristic of RNA virus. Nucleocapsids of the virus were found in vacuoles of the cell. Proteincapsid of the virus was synthesized in a rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). After assembling in the cytoplasm, the virus is released from the cell by budding and used the cell membrane as its envelope.
Viruses/growth & ; development ; Encephalitis ;

Introduction: Hepatitis C is a dangerous disease and if left untreated can have serious consequences to the patients. While hepatitis C is difficult to treat, its vaccine is still unavailable. Previous studies have showed that there is a low rate of drug users having HCV tests. This means HCV infections does not have any great importance attached to it amongst the drug user group.\r\n', u'Objectives: To discover the status of HCV infection among drug users in Hanoi and to analyse the associated factors. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: This crossover descriptive study was conducted in Hanoi. Research objects consisted of only men within the 16 - 25 years old age group, who used heroin from 09/2005 to 12/2006. These participants were interviewed and tested for HIV, HCV and HBV.\r\n', u'Results: HCV prevalence is 35.1 %. Especially, the research has indicated that 100% of HIV infected cases have also contracted HCV. This co - infectious status can be a challenge to subjects when they experience ARV treatment. The mean age of surveyed participants is 19. 83.6% of them have attended secondary school. 30.1 % have taken part in illegal earning activities. \r\n', u'Conclusion: HCV infection was discovered in the early drug injection stage. The proportion of HIV infection among injecting drug users is 28.24 times compared to the smoking drug users.\r\n', u'
HeV ; HIV ; Injecting drug user

Background: The method of immunoelectron microscopy has been found more than 20 years. It is widely applied to detect and identify some types of virus in medical waste samples.\r\n', u'Objectives: To identify antigen location of Rota virus in organelle of the Vero cell and primary monkey kidney cells after infecting and to study the interaction between the virus and host cells.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on Rota virus G1P8 (KH0118) isolated from patients with symptoms of acute diarrhea, primary monkey kidney cells collected from Macaca mulatta monkey and the Vero cell of WHO. \r\n', u'Results: Gold particles (10nm) coated protein A and polyclonal antibodies were used to interact directly with Rotavirus proteins \r\n', u'These gold particles with high electron density revealed the antigen location of the Rota virus in the lysosome, pouch and other compartments of the cytoplasm.\r\n', u'Newly assembled viral particles could be identified only after 18-20hours post-infection. It is also noteworthy that viral particles and empty capsides (virus like particles) were comprised into cytoplasmic vesicles associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system.\r\n', u'Conclusion: In order to better understand the interaction mechanism of virus and host cells, the use of this method together with specific monoclonal antibodies for each protein component of viruses and cells is essential.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Rotavirus ; Vero Cells ;

Background: Open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes haemostatic abnormalities which result in postoperative excessive bleeding. Objectives: To investigate haemostatic disorders before - after CPB and postoperative bleeding. Subjects and methods: Sixty congenital cardiac patients with and without cyanosis were recruited consecutively. Hematology and coagulation tests were done 1 day before operation, 15 minutes after protamine administration, 2 and 6 hours after the operation in the intensive care unit (lCU). Mediastinal chest tube drainage (MCTO) was measured for the first 6h in the ICU. Results: Significant differences between 2 groups could be found for red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products (FOP), von Kaulla and platelet aggregation to epinephrine before operation (p < 0.05). There were not significant differences in platelets, PT, APTT, platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (AOP) in the acyanotic and cyanotic patients (p > 0.05). Most hematology parameters were decreased significantly and hemostasis measurements were prolonged after operation in both groups (p < 0.05). There was also the significant difference in MCTO between 2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coagulation, hemostasis and fibrinolysis disorders; thrombocytopenia and acquired transient platelet dysfunction may be responsible for bleeding complications after CBP \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ pathology ; epidemiology ; Hemostatic Disorders/ pathology ; diagnosis

Background: In recent years, due to the outbreak of new infectious diseases, re-emerging diseases and bio-terrorist threats, the biological safety for laboratories is essential\r\n', u'Objectives: to evaluate knowledge and practices related to biosafety of researchers in microbiological laboratories\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The study was carried out in the period 2006-2007. Questionnaires and checklists were used for the direct interview the knowledge and observe the practices related to biological safety of 97 laboratory technicians from microbiology laboratories of 22 provincial centers for preventive medicine, which represent for all areas in Vietnam.\r\n', u'Results: The percentage of technicians defines correctly the hazardous groups of some common pathogens are 8.2-33%. The percentage of technicians define correctly the transmission routes of Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococus, Streptococcus are 1%, 15% and 19.6%, respectively. The opinion that thay can wear the laboratory blouse out of laboratories, bring personal belongings into the laboratory and pipeting by mouth are 21.6%, 50.5% and 23.7%, respectively. Regarding laboratory practices: The percentage of technicians does not use gloves is 37.8%; pipeting by mouth: 22.6%. Over 40% technicians do not disinfect working area or washing hands with alcohol after experiments\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results of this study are a basis for planning programs to train, supervise and improve the operational quality of the microbiological laboratory of the provincial preventive health care centers.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ; Biotechnology/ standards ; Safety/ standards ;

Background: In recent years, some arbo viruses which causes acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have been identified in serveral countries in the world such as Chandipura virus belonging to Rhabdoviridae family in India, Banna virus belonging to Reoviridae family in China. In Vietnam, apart from Japanese Encephalitis Virus which is considered as main cause of AES, there are a few intestinal viruses like Herpes symplex virus type 1 and 4 and Nam Dinh virus considering other causes of AES. Objective: To identify the hyppothesis that one virus strain parasitizing in mosquito in Gia Lai province causes AES in order to provide more information about virus strains which cause AES in Vietnam. Subjects and method: Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36 was used for the isolation of virus in 43 cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who were treated in Gia Lai hospital, from January/2005 to July/2005. Result and Conclusion: One virus strain from a 3-year old girl in Gia Lai province was isolated in 2005. The virus coded 05VN225 has the morphology similar to other viruses belonging to Reoviridea family.The nucleic acid sequence of the virus was checked with specific primers of alphavirus and flavirus groups, Nam Dinh virus and Conti virus group B (reovirus) of the Reoviridae. The positive result was confirmed with reovirus primers. This member of the Reoviridae family was isolated from acute encephalitis syndrome in Vietnam in 2005. Further study on pathology of the virus is very necessary.
Encephalitis ; Arbovirus/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Reoviridae/ growth & ; development ; pathogenicity ;