In order to build percentages of morbidity of children (in science project 11-13), the authors have examined 2,809 children, aged 6-15 (male: 1,420, female: 1,389) at Kien Thuy and Ngo Quyen districts, Hai Phong city according to form of Pediatric Institute. Following conclusions have been drawn: 1. The general ratio of diseases in children 6-15 years old in two areas is 44.49%, in those, the ratio of acute disease is 7.75%, ratio of chronic diseases is 36.59%. The general prevalence of diseases in Kien Thuy is higher than its in Ngo Quyen. 2. The ratio of diseases group: *The ratio of oro-dental disease is highest (44.57%), in those the ratio of dental caries is 27.41%.* The ratio of ear-nose-throat diseases is second (22.21%), most of all are chronic ear- nose- throat diseases: chronic tonsillitis is 5.98%, chronic nasophryngitis is 2.63 * The ratio of goitre disease is the third (30.41%), most of all are degree I *The ratio of the eyes diseases is the fourth (16.63%) In those trachoma is 3.42% *The ratio of digestive disease is 11.32% *The ratio of the skin disease is 5.83% 3. Other diseases: ratio of the arthropathies and osteopathies is 4.56%. Ratio of the arthropathies and osteopathies is 4.56%. Ratio of the urinary diseases is 1.89%. Ratio of the accident is 1.89%. Ratio of the mental disorders is 0.31%. Ratio of the lower respiratory disease is 0.96%. Ratio of the circulatory disease is 0.50%.
epidemiology ; Digestive System Diseases ; Morbidity ; child

Introduction: Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic rheumatic arthritis with specifically related to lumbar spine and femoral neck. The disease is more common in young men. Inflame and inactive condition of patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis leads to a low bone mineral density. Determining osteomalacia has clinical significance because of the relation to bone density.\r\n', u'Objectives: To study the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Ankylosing Spondylitis and to investigate correlation between bone mineral density and age at the beginning of the disease, BASDAI, BMI\r\n', u'Subjects and methods:119 male patients with ankylosing spondylitis, mean age of 29.0 \xb1 10.8 as defined by New York criteria modified in 1984. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and hip with Unigamma X ray - Plus. Results: 26.1 % of patients had lumbar spine osteopenia and osteoporosis, while 41.2% had femoral neck osteopenia and osteoporosis. The beginning of the disease was 22.1 \xb1 7.8 and had correlation with bone density in lumbar spine. Low BMI group had decreased bone density in lumbar spine and femoral neck (BMI < 18.5), (p=0.0001 and p=0,005, respectively). Patients with active disease had lower bone density than those with stable disease.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Ankylosing spondylitis patients have decreased BMD values at both the spine and femur. Bone mineral density at lumbar spine and femoral neck had correlation with the BMI, Bone mineral density at femoral neck had correlation with BASDAI. \r\n', u'
Ankylosing spondylitis ; Bone mineral density ; Osteoporosis ; DXA.

Background: The method of immunoelectron microscopy has been found more than 20 years. It is widely applied to detect and identify some types of virus in medical waste samples.\r\n', u'Objectives: To identify antigen location of Rota virus in organelle of the Vero cell and primary monkey kidney cells after infecting and to study the interaction between the virus and host cells.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on Rota virus G1P8 (KH0118) isolated from patients with symptoms of acute diarrhea, primary monkey kidney cells collected from Macaca mulatta monkey and the Vero cell of WHO. \r\n', u'Results: Gold particles (10nm) coated protein A and polyclonal antibodies were used to interact directly with Rotavirus proteins \r\n', u'These gold particles with high electron density revealed the antigen location of the Rota virus in the lysosome, pouch and other compartments of the cytoplasm.\r\n', u'Newly assembled viral particles could be identified only after 18-20hours post-infection. It is also noteworthy that viral particles and empty capsides (virus like particles) were comprised into cytoplasmic vesicles associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi system.\r\n', u'Conclusion: In order to better understand the interaction mechanism of virus and host cells, the use of this method together with specific monoclonal antibodies for each protein component of viruses and cells is essential.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Rotavirus ; Vero Cells ;

Background: DNA biosensor is based on micro-nano technologies aimed at developing a rapid diagnostic device of infectious diseases and diseases related to genetic change. Biosensors are compact size, high sensitivity and low cost\r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate effect of biosensor in detecting specific gene fragments of Herpes Simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV)\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The electrical signals were recognized by means of transducer and from electrochemical detection of the hybridization between the probe 5\ufffd?AT CAC CGA CCC GGA GAG GGA C-3\ufffd?which were covalently immobilised onto the surface of micro electrodessensors in 3-aminopropyltri-ethoxysilance (APTS)-the conducting polymer matrix and the target (specific DNA sequences of HSV in the sample.\r\n', u'Results: The DNA sensor offers a very high sensitivity, a fast response time, less than 1 min with the DNA target concentration up to 1nM in aqueous media at room temperature.However, in order to detect target DNA in the real samples, samples must be extracted DNA, denatured DNA sequences from a double fiber to single fiber. The measurement should be done soon\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results show a large promise to develop quickly DNA sensors for widely application in bio-medical research \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Biosensing Techniques ; CNBP protein ; human ;

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is up-regulated in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP expression is related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objectives: To determine HIP in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Materials and method: Western blot method was used to determine HIP expression in 3 different types of prostate tissue, including 11 prostate cancer samples, 2 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples and 11 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples. Results. HIP was particularly up-regulated in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, indicating that up-regulation of HIP expression may be an early event in tumorgenesis. Conclusion: The expression of HIP was different between cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia. HIP may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate carcinoma.
HIP expression ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Hemophilia A is a genetic bleeding disorder that results from a deficiency in factor VIII. The prevalence of Hemophilia in Vietnam is rather high (2/34830 people) and Vietnam has high usage demand for factor VIII in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to study and produce recombinant blood \u2013 coagulation factor WIII. Objective: To clone successfully A1A2 and A3C2 gen fragment encoding factor VIII. Subject and Method: Amplify A1A2 and A3C2 gene fragments by PCR from human cDNA. PCR products were ligated into cloning vector pQE \u2013 30UA. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into E.coli DH5 alpha host strain. Inserted A1A2 and A3C2 gene fragments were checked by PCR and restriction enzymes. Result: Successfully amplifying functional gene fragments encoding factor VIII using specific primers. Conclusion: Obtaining pQE \u2013 30UA vector carrying A1A2 and A3C2 fragments encoding factor VIII. This is the premise result for the next studies on synthesis of recombinant factor WIII and application of genetic therapy.
Hemophilia ; Blood \u2013 coagulation factor VIII

Background: In recent years, some arbo viruses which causes acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have been identified in serveral countries in the world such as Chandipura virus belonging to Rhabdoviridae family in India, Banna virus belonging to Reoviridae family in China. In Vietnam, apart from Japanese Encephalitis Virus which is considered as main cause of AES, there are a few intestinal viruses like Herpes symplex virus type 1 and 4 and Nam Dinh virus considering other causes of AES. Objective: To identify the hyppothesis that one virus strain parasitizing in mosquito in Gia Lai province causes AES in order to provide more information about virus strains which cause AES in Vietnam. Subjects and method: Aedes albopictus cell line clone C6/36 was used for the isolation of virus in 43 cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who were treated in Gia Lai hospital, from January/2005 to July/2005. Result and Conclusion: One virus strain from a 3-year old girl in Gia Lai province was isolated in 2005. The virus coded 05VN225 has the morphology similar to other viruses belonging to Reoviridea family.The nucleic acid sequence of the virus was checked with specific primers of alphavirus and flavirus groups, Nam Dinh virus and Conti virus group B (reovirus) of the Reoviridae. The positive result was confirmed with reovirus primers. This member of the Reoviridae family was isolated from acute encephalitis syndrome in Vietnam in 2005. Further study on pathology of the virus is very necessary.
Encephalitis ; Arbovirus/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Reoviridae/ growth & ; development ; pathogenicity ;

Background: Child health care practices in the context of households and community is an important factor to improving the health of children. Some indexes were proposed by the World Health Organization to evaluate these practices. Objectives: To describe the knowledge and practice of pregnant women, under-5-year-old children\u2019s health care and assess the application of the survey toolkit in evaluating various indexes of healthcare practice at family and community levels. Subjects and method: By employing a structured interview, this cross-sectional survey has been conducted in Tu Liem district - Hanoi city and Tien Hai district \u2013 Thai Binh province. 120 mothers of under-5-year-old children participated in the survey. Results:98% of mothers had at least 3 antenatal visits during pregnancy. The rate of complete tetanus vaccination reached 43.3% in Tu Liem and 65% in Tien Hai. Prevalence of infant with low birth weight for age accounted for 8.3% in both districts. The percentage of children given complementary feeding at age of 6 to 9 months as the National Nutrition Program recommendations was only 30%. 65.7% and 68.5% of under-2-year-old children in Tu Liem and Tien Hai were breastfed within the first 30 minutes after delivery. There were a small proportion of mothers who gave complementary food either too early or too late, 8.3% and 8.4% in Tu Liem, 6.7% and 6.6% in Tien Hai, respectively. More than 90% of children were given normal feeding as usual during last their illness, but only 50% of children were given more fluid than usual. 98.2% of mothers knew 2 signs to immediately bring the child to health facilities. The most common injuries in under-5-year-old children were animal bites (62.5%) and falling (31.3%), however only 62.5% of mothers knew at least two measures of injury prevention. Conclusion: The toolkit for collecting data of practical index assessment can be applied at communes.
child health care ; practice ; knowledge

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a common disease in developing countries. Morbidity and mortality of ARI are high, especially among children under 15 years old. Objectives: To describe socio-graphic factors, seasonal patterns, risky areas and determine the morbidity and mortality rates of acute respiratory infections in Thai Binh province. Subjects and method: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 4,585 hospital admitted patients who were diagnosed with ARI including upper and lower respiratory infections such as sore throat, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchitis-pneumonia at 8 district hospitals and 1 provincial hospital in Thai Binh province during 2002-2005. The selected medical records were based on the available check list and two standard screening tests. Results:Morbidity and mortality of ARI in Thai Binh province were 61.6 and 0.52, respectively. ARI mainly occurred among children under 5 years old, of which the highest mortality was among those under 12 months of age. Male children were at higher risk of acquiring ARI, but less prone to death than female. Occupation did not significantly associate with the risk of ARI. The morbidity increased sharply during inter-season, e.g. March and October. Thai Binh city, Kien Xuong and Tien Hai district were reported with the highest morbidity in accompany of the high mortality as consequences. Conclusion: The prevention and control methods were recommended to annually focus on the male children aged less than 5 years old during March and October in Thai Binh city, Kien Xuong and Tien Hai district.
morbidity ; mortality ; acute respiratory infections

Background: In countries that cholera outbreaks commonly occurs, surveillance of surface water is important to control the epidemics. Kappa phage (K139) of Vibrio cholerae is related to epidemic El Tor and O139 strains in various countries. Objectives: To study the relationships between V. cholerae 01 and vibriophages in surface water in Thai Binh and Hai Phong city and to determine the predictors of cholera outbreaks. Subjects and method: Total of 82 water samples were collected by shrimp swab method in Hai Phong and Thai Binh in June and September 2007, where cholera outbreaks occurred. The enriched culture method and direct peR were applied to define the relationships between vibriophages and V. cholerae 01 in surface water. Results: The rates of detecting kappa junction with chromosomes of V. cholerae 01 in Hai Phong and Thai Binh were 10% and 15% in June 2007, 35% and 41% in September 2007. The rates of detecting vibriophages in Hai Phong and Thai Binh were 15% and 15% in June 2007, 25% and 36% in September 2007. The rates of Fs1 and Fs2 detected by PCR method were 70% and 100% in Hai Phong at June and September 2007, and were 57% and 100% in Thai Binh at June and September 2007, respectively. V. cholerae 01, O139 weren\u2019t found in water samples. Conclusion: The presences of vibriophages (kappa phage and fs1 fs2) in surface water contaminated with V. cholerae 01 were dependent on the ability of the vibriophages to infect and lyse these bacteria. Vibriophages played a role in the transfer of cholera toxin and pathogenic factors. Surveillance by detecting V. cholerae 01 and vibriophages in surface water may be a feasible means of predicting outbreaks of cholera before a significant number of cases occur.
Vibrio cholerae 01 ; vibriophages ; surface water ; cholera outbreaks