Coptosapelta tomentosa (Blume) Vahl. ex Heyne var. dongnaiense (Pit.) Phamh. Rubiaceae, found in the rain forest areas of the central part of Vietnam, has been used in folk medicine for treatment of rheumatism or washing wounds to prevent infection. There has been no report on the pharmacognostical characteristics and pharmacological activities of this plant, up to now. In this report, morphological, and microscopic characteristics, determination of ash and extractable matter were examined; qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents of this plant were investigated. Saponins, triterpenes, coumarins were found as the main components of all roots, stems and leaves. Anthraquinones and flavonoids, however, were only found in the roots. The amounts of total saponins and anthraquinones in stems and roots were also estimated
Pharmacognosy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The Panax vietnamensis (K5 panax, Ngoc Linh panax) known as its scientific name is Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., belonging to Araliaceae. K5 panax is the 3rd genus of panax L. branch and the 20th in the world. The mojoir components of Panax vietnamensis are determined the majonosid R2, 17 fat acide with 0.53% contents.
Panax ; Medicine, Traditional ; Biochemistry

17 wild-type measles strains were isolated from both sporadic cases and 4 outbreaks in the Northern, Centre, and Highland areas of Vietnam in 2000-2002. The sequence analysis of 450 nucleotides of the most variable COOH- terminus of N gene showed that established in the year 2000 with the representative of MVi/Beijing.CHI/9411, genotype H2 (Clade H) continued circulating in the North and Highland of Vietnam. This study also revealed that wild-type measles strains circulating in the Center fell into genotype HI (Clade H) with the representative of MVi/Hunan.CHI/93. It was the first time that genotype HI was discovered In Vietnam. The difference within each genotype is bigger, nevertheless, no more than 3.0% at nucleotide level. The wild-type strain isolated in Lai Chau belonging to genotype D5 (Clade D) has imported into Vietnam from Thailand was under consideration.
Measles ; Viruses ; Diagnosis

Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) collected in Binh Thuan province in May have been shown to contain alkaloids (0.66%), flavonoids (2.95), coumarins, reduced sugars and lipids. The alkaloid fraction gave 6 spots and the flavonoid fraction yielded 7 spots on this layer chromatography. Two substances, i.e., A6, an alkaloid and a flavonoid suspected to be Azadirachin A, have been isolated for further study. Liquid extract of Neem Leaves exerted anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albicans
Chemistry ; Pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; Alkaloids ; flavonoids ; coumarins ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Escherichia coli ; Salmonella typhi ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; candida albicans

30 patients with check sunburn, aged 18-60 years old treated by hydroquinone 2% in combining with sun protected cream. After 6 moths pigment reduced by 45,6%, mean size of lesion reduced by 78%. 90- 100% of patients had the size of lesion reduced by 13,4% and 61% of patients had the size of lesion reduced by 70-89%.
Therapeutics ; Melanosis/therapeutic use ; Hydroquinones

30 patients with melasma (diagnosed according to Zaumseil, Klaus-Graupe) was treated by applying 2% hydroquinone in combing with 0.05% retinoic. After 6 month treatment, the disease recessed well and very well in 65.6%, the size of pigmented area reduced 87% in average, 15.6% of patients has reduced in 90-100% of size and 65.7% of 70-89%.
Melanosis ; Therapeutics ; Hydroquinones ; Tretinoin

30 patients aged 18-60 years old with melasma localized at the epiderm and epiderm plus mesoderm layer topically treated by 2% hydroquinone preparation within 6 months at the Venero-dermatol Institute were evaluated. Good and very good results reached in 42.5%. The size of lesion minimized by > 10% each months, especially 21% in the 2nd month. Mean size of lesion minimized by 75%. In 11.2% of patients, the size of lesion minimized by 90-100% and 56.3% of patients had got the lesion of 70-89% minimized size.
Therapeutics ; Melanosis ; Hydroquinones

Within 3 year implementing of the project there was the contribution of 24 peer collaborators. In overall the peer collaborators had got rather low education, difficult economical condition, but they were active with rather high efficacy in the access of health education for female sex worker in community. Knowledge about HIV increased year by year with 62%, 89%, 95%. Fundamental knowledge about STIs also increased with 50%, 83%, 92%. The skills of communication was evaluated concurrently with the knowledge. The level of satisfaction through 3 years was 67%, 86% and 94% consecutively. The supply of condom was adequate consistantly.
HIV ; Education ; Economics

Treatment for 30 patients with melasma according to standard of Zaumseil, Klaus-Graupe by bleaching hydroquinon in combination with retinoid acid and sun cream. After 6 months, the result showed that: reduced 70% pigment of injury. Size of average injury reduce 87,1% after treatment. In 16,7% patients, the size reduce 90-100% and in 70%, the size reduce 70-89% after treatment.
Melanosis ; Therapeutics ; Hydroquinones ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Study on 274 non-pregnant women with melasma at the age of 15-67, treated in Hanoi Dermatology Hospital from November 2001 to October 2004. The results: melasma was a common disease in all of age of woman, but it accounted for 86.49% in 25-55 years old group. Melasma with localized lesions in epithelium accounted for high percentage (58.03%) then mixed lesions (20.2%). The lesions occurred in both 2 cheeks among 50.73% of worker and farmer patients. 6.56% of patients with pigment disorder skin disease, 26.64% patients with chronic disease, 19.7% of patients had related factors such as spontaneous abortion, abortion or taking contraceptive pills, 9.72% of patients had endocrine diseases
Melanosis ; Women ; Pregnant Women