To identify the viral cause in children with acute diarrhoea in §ucTrong hospital - LamDong province, 158 stool specimens of children with Acute diarrhoea have been collected and identified for rotavirus, adenovirus and snow mountain virus. The result were compared with 151 stool specimens of healthy children in the same time for 3 years (1994-1997). Results of the study showed: the viral positive was found in 52.2% of the diarrheal group. While it was 1.3% in the Healthy Control Group. Among the viral positive, the rotavirus is 50%, Astrovirus is 1.26%, snow mountain virus is 0.67% and adeno virus is 0.63%. For three years, three types of rotavirus has been identified in DucTrong, which are: Rotavirus type I (23/79), Rotavirus type II (13/79), rotavirus type IV (21/79) undifferent (22/79). The rotavirus type III has not been found in this time. The clinical characteristic of the viral diarrheal group has been found in 94.4% of children under 2 years, 81% of cases had vomiting. The dehydration including degree B and C according to the classification of WHO is from 84.74% to 95.34%.
diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; child ; Viruses

One hundred and nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of lung, including 67 cases had bronchoscopic biopsy sampling and 42 cases had surgical samplings, were studied and histologically classified according to WHO Classification - 1999. Results indicated that: (1) Male/ Female ratio were 4.17/1 to 6.44/1; (2) Four variants of squamous cell carcinoma were found; (3) Identification of exact those variants required larger samplings or surgical sampling from different sites of tumors; (4) Histological criteria for every variants were presented and discussed.
Bronchial Neoplasms ; Neoplasms ; Squamous Cell

50 cases of lung cancer including 14 squamous carcinomas, 18 adenocarcinomas, 8 large cell carcinomas, 8 small cell carcinomas and 2 adeno-squamous carcinomas were diagnosed cytologically and confirmed by histological conformation. Criteria of cytologic diagnosis were presented and discussed
Lung Neoplasms ; Carcinoma ; cytology

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women worldwide.\r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer and its preventive measures among the parents of young adolescent girls. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tuliem District, Hanoi and Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh city. By employing a structured interview there have been 218 fathers/mothers of young adolescent girls at secondary school age (11to14 years old) participated in the survey. \r\n', u"Results: There was a limitation in the respondents' understanding about cervical cancer. Although 83% parents have been aware of cervical cancer and 89% considered it as a fatal disease, nearly a half of them does not know any symptoms of the disease. Similarly, inadequate knowledge on causes and risk factors of the disease has been common among respondents. Only 25% of parents are aware of HPV and few knew about the transmission route of this virus. HPV vaccines are still very new for parents. Only 29.8% of interviewees have heard about HPV vaccines. However, 74.3% parents have expressed a wish to have their daughters vaccinated, once HPV vaccines are introduced in Vietnam. \r\n", u'Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer among parents of young adolescent girls in these district were quite limited\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
cervical cancer ; knowledge ; attitude ; practice

Background: Like other countries in the world, Vietnam has seen the appearance of many infectious diseases such as SARS, influenza A/H1N1. Therefore, monitoring and quick response to infectious diseases, increasingly require enhancing the capacity of test systems. \r\n', u'Objectives: To determine the capacity for microbiological diagnosis and etiology of communicable diseases at the provincial centers for preventive medicine.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: With the application of the cross-sectional approach, the study was conducted on microbiology diagnostic capacity for communicable diseases surveillance and response system in 55 Provincial Preventive Medicine Centers (PPMCs)\r\n', u'Results: Laboratory testing and confirmation (isolation and bio-chemical tests, gram stain) are only available for common nitrobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Shigella, Salmonella, and some of the respiratory bacteria as streptococcus, meningococcus, etc... in most PPMCs. ELISA/MACELISA technique for detecting virus pathogen such as Arbo viruses (Dengue, Japanese B encephalitis) and Hepatitis B, HIV is also a focus of these PPMCs. However, for diseases caused by other viruses like Polio, Rota, measles, influenza, PPMCs have only the ability to collect specimens. \r\n', u'Conclusions: Most of the cases reported in the surveillance reports are based on clinical signs, only. Case confirmation was done by hospital/regional or national laboratory. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
microbiological diagnosis ; provincial centers for preventive medicine

Aims: To isolate and characterize the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from the “mam chua ca ro” (sour fermented fish) in the South of Vietnam and investigate their potential anti-bacterial properties. Methodology and results: Four LAB strains (MCR1, MCR2, MCR3 and MCR4) were isolated from the "mam chua ca ro" product and their anti-bacterial activity was determined using the spot assay and the paper disc diffusion method. The isolated LABs can inhibit Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 25923 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus BV016 and produce bacteriocin to control the growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, except V. parahaemolyticus. MCR2 was chosen to sequence 16S rRNA of Pediococcus acidilactic. Conclusion, significance and impact of study On the basis of their prominent anti-pathogenic bacteria activity, LAB strains isolated from Vietnamese sour-fermented fish products were verified as prospective probiotics.
Lactobacillales--isolation & ; purification ; Pediococcus acidilactici

Background: Investment to meet the man power requirements are recognized as urgent; especially to efficiently implement the National Strategy of Preventive Medicine. To strengthen the capability of provincial preventive medicine centers, the Ministry of Health has approved Decision No 05/2006QD-BYT for functions, tasks, authorization and organizational structure of Provincial Preventive Medicine Centers (PPMCs). Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the manpower and organization structure of northern PPMCs and provide recommendations for policy makers. Subjects and method: Using the cross-sectional descriptive method, the study covered the preventive medicine centers of 29 northern provinces between Jan to Jun 2007. The information was collected by interviews and self-reported questionnaires. Results:23/29 PPMCs have not met the criteria of man power stated in the Circular 08/2007/TTLB-BYT-BNV. Only 9/29 PPMCs were well organized in accordance with Decision 05/2006/QD-BYT of the Ministry of Health. The average number of staffs in PPMCs was 50+15. Medical staffs accounted for 53%, out of which 21.1% had postgraduate degrees; 32.2% had graduate degrees and 23.3% had been trained in preventive care. Conclusion: To meet the requirements provided by the Decision No05/2006QD-BYT, the man power and training for staffs in PPMCs should be improved and strengthened.
Man power ; Preventive medicine.

Background: The strategy of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) was developed as an approach/tool for reducing the childhood mortality in developing countries. IMCI was approved by the Ministry of Health of Viet Nam and has been implemented in more than 3500 communal health centers nationwide. Aims: 1) To discover the quality of health care services for children under-5 and the situation of IMCI in health facilities. 2) To propose solutions to improve the quality of health care services for children. Materials and method: The cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches conducted 58 direct observations in health workers, interviewed 58 caretakers, comprehensively interviewed 20 local leaders and technical staffs, facilitated 12 focal group discussions and reviewed 120 records of 12 commune health centers. Results: IMCI was considered by all of the participants as a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of childhood health care at first-level health facilities. IMCI contributed towards improved case management skills of health workers, improved the supply of essential drugs and supplies for child health care. As a result, the quality of health services for children under-5 has been promoted (93% of illness children were correctly assessed and classified, 84.6% of them were correctly treated and counseled). Health workers in Ly Nhan district, Ha Nam province adhered to 8.4+/-1.5 out of 10 essential steps of comprehensive child health care. Contrarily, this indicator was low in the districts of Bac Giang province (4.8+/-1.5), not much different to untrained IMCI health workers. Conclusion: IMCI is a useful strategy to improving the quality of child health care. But there were some difficulties that affected the implementation of this strategy in first-level health facilities.
IMCI ; Child health care

Background: Can Gio mangrove forest is bio-diversified area. There is few studies on medical arthropod in Can Gio mangrove forest until now. Objective: To study bio-diversified feature and identify species with disease transmitting role. Subject and Method: In 2007, medical arthropod surveys were conducted at 3 sites located in the natural conserve zone- Can Gio mangrove forest. A cross-sectional study was used. Results and Conclusions: A total of samples of 6178 individuals of medical arthropod belonging to 65 species have been collected, including 3 species of flea (Siphonaptera), 1 species of ticks (Ixodidae), 6 species of chiggers (Trombiculidae), 6 species of mites (Gamasoidea), 25 species of flies (Muscoidea) and 24 species of mosquitoes (Culicidae). They belong to 37 genus, 17 families, 3 orders (Siphonaptera, Acarina and Diptera), and 2 classes (Insecta and Arachnida). 20 species having epidemiological role were found in Can Gio mangrove forest. The rate of Anopheles epiroticus biting human at night indoor, outdoor and daytime indoor is rather high, especially at the end of dry season at centre of the forest.
Mangrove forest ; medical arthropod ; species ; genus

Background: In recent years, due to the outbreak of new infectious diseases, re-emerging diseases and bio-terrorist threats, the biological safety for laboratories is essential\r\n', u'Objectives: to evaluate knowledge and practices related to biosafety of researchers in microbiological laboratories\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The study was carried out in the period 2006-2007. Questionnaires and checklists were used for the direct interview the knowledge and observe the practices related to biological safety of 97 laboratory technicians from microbiology laboratories of 22 provincial centers for preventive medicine, which represent for all areas in Vietnam.\r\n', u'Results: The percentage of technicians defines correctly the hazardous groups of some common pathogens are 8.2-33%. The percentage of technicians define correctly the transmission routes of Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococus, Streptococcus are 1%, 15% and 19.6%, respectively. The opinion that thay can wear the laboratory blouse out of laboratories, bring personal belongings into the laboratory and pipeting by mouth are 21.6%, 50.5% and 23.7%, respectively. Regarding laboratory practices: The percentage of technicians does not use gloves is 37.8%; pipeting by mouth: 22.6%. Over 40% technicians do not disinfect working area or washing hands with alcohol after experiments\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results of this study are a basis for planning programs to train, supervise and improve the operational quality of the microbiological laboratory of the provincial preventive health care centers.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Health Knowledge ; Attitudes ; Practice ; Biotechnology/ standards ; Safety/ standards ;