A study on 889 children ages of 6-15 in 8 schools in the urban of Hanoi and 367 childen ages of 6-15 of 2 schools in the suburb of Hanoi has shown that the rate of streptococcicosis A in the throat was 15.3%. There is no different of the rate of streptococcicosis. A between male and female and between pupils of primary school ages and pupils of secondary school. The children with upper respiratory tract infection were a higher risk of streptococcisis than others.
Streptococcus ; Population

The study involved 899 students from 8 schools in urban area and 367 students from 2 schools in 2 suburban districts of Ha Noi City. Ages of these children ranged from 6 to 15. Average value of ASLO antibody in children from Ha Noi urban and suburban areas is 92.5+/-81.7. Response of anti-streptolysin O antibody of Streptococci is nor different between male and female students neither between two age- groups.
Streptolysin O ; Antibody Formation ; Population

1266 school children aged 6-15 years at 10 schools in Hanoi were enrolled into an investigation on Streptococci group A infection. At the pharynx a prevalence of 15.3% was shown. Predominant titre of antibody against streptolysine O was from 25 to 100 Todd units and only 9% had got the titre over 240 units. Alpha hemolytic Streptococcus viridans could be wrongly identified with beta hemolytic one leading to an error to 60% in bacitracine tests. Pseudo-positive identification may happened in ASLO test if the sample of serum had been infected
Streptococcus pyogenes ; epidemiology ; pupil ; diagnosis

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is a very common vaginal infection. It occurs when bacteria that normally exist in small numbers in the vagina multiply rapidly. With the purpose of early diagnosis and timely treatment infection of vaginalis tract. Objectives: The study was conducted with 2 purposes: Firstly, identification of bacterial and fungical causa is of the vaginalis. Secondly, comparison of the cause among 2 groups of women with clinical symptoms and group came for health examination. Subjects and method:A cross-sectional study was carried out in sampled groups: 325 women with ginecological symptom and 385 women came for health examination at the clinic of the Institute of mother and Newborn protection. Both 2 groups were clinical examined and microbiological testing. Results: The results were showed: The prevalence of vaginalis of the group with ginecological symptoms was found 76.92% and in the other group was 56.1%. The was not any disparity in clinical and testing results. The microbiological causes were found: 22.15% candida in group with clinical symptom and 18.96% in the other group. Streptococcal group D was taken second place 20.61% in group with clinical symptom and 13.25%in group with health examination and folioing are S. aureus, E.coli, C.trachomatis, G.vaginalis. Conclusion: There\u2019s no significant difference in the prevalence of infection of vaginalis tract between some age groups in this study.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Bacterial/ pathology Female

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is a protein that belongs to a novel class of heparin and heparansulfate binding protein. It plays an important role in extracellular matrix structure and function, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, growth and differentiation. HIP was shown to be expressed in normal epithelia and epithelial cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. Especially, HIP was found to be up-regulated in some cancer cell lines and related to different status and metastasis.\r\n', u'Objectives: To determinate HIP transcript level of mRNA in breast cancer tissues in comparison with normal tissues; to compare HIP transcript level at different cancer stages and cancer cell types. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: Total RNA was isolated from 62 tissue samples (47 breast cancer and 15 normal tissues); cDNA synthesis by reverse transcript \u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT \u2013 PCR); determination of HIP transcript using semi-quantitative RT \u2013 PCR. \r\n', u'Results: HIP transcript was particularly up \u2013 regulated in breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, especially this up-regulated in cancer tissues at different stages of development and cancer cell types. \r\n', u'Conclusion: These results show that the HIP transcript level was different between breast cancer and normal tissues and its expression was related to different status and metastasis in human cancer cell lines. HIP may be used as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.\r\n', u'
Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) ; breast cancer

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods: In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results: A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.