143 lecturers and 1360 students in basic, biomedical, clinical and community departments of Ha Noi Medical University were interviewed on the current situation of training methods. The results showed that 38.4% teachers applied active training methods and there is a dramatic change in comparison to prior 1995 in biomedical group (p<0.05), more than 70% lecturers had syllabus, gave questionnaires and assessment after lesson. 60% lecturers reported that traditional training methods made students become negative while active method made students more active. 54.2% of students read references that related to clinical subjects. 96.5% of students read the bulletin of basic medical departments. 61.2% students like the active methods in training
education ; Methods

Subjects: The patients who were 16 years of old or more and diagnosed with mild (stage I) and moderate (stage II) hypertension. Method: Open, compared and controlled study. The study group involved 40 patients who performed qi-exercises for 45 minutes per day on 30 days. Control group included 33 patients used fludex. It was found that qi-exercises, but not fludex, had increased the duration of wave-E. There was significant increase of total diastolic duration in study group, but not in control group. Qi-exercises did not change significantly the peak of atrial systole-induced left ventricular filling flow velocity, but fludex provided significant decrease. Left ventricular dystolic function of subjects in study groups did not change, comparing with baseline.
Hypertension ; Antihypertensive Agents

From June, 1996 to October, 1997, we have carried on research the treatment by method of Qui training – vitality maintenance in the mild-moderate level (the first-second period) of primary hypertensive patients, In comparison with fluid-used control group (n=24), we have some following comments. - About the effect of the method of Qui-training-vital maintenance: The method of Chi Gong-vitality preserving has effect in decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0,01), the systolic blood pressure decreased more than diastolic blood pressure. In Doppler cardiac ultrasonograph, cardiac output decreased but without statistic sense. The functional parameters of let ventricle changed little, without statistic sense (p>0,05). - About the effect of fludex: Fludex decreased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0,001). In Doppler cardiac ultrasonograph, cardiac output decreased (p<0,05). The functional parameters of left ventricle decreased (p<0,05), EF,% D increased. The subject is being expanded continuously.
Hypertension ; Blood Pressure

The in vitro effect of artesunate in the combination with primaquine or chloroquine on the hemolysis and oxygen uptake of human erythrocytes was studied: 1. After exposure of human erythrocytes to artesunate at the concentrations from 1 to 10mM, the dose-dependent increase of hemolysis was observed. 2. At artesunate concentrations between 1 and 10mM, the increase of oxygen uptake in erythrocytes was seen. Primaquine, an oxidant drug, showed a synergistic effect with artesunate on hemolysis and oxygen uptake, while chloroquine was found to be antagonistic with artesunate on oxygen uptake. These findings indicate that artesunate exhibits oxidative effects.
Artesunate ; primaquinel ; drug therapy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; erythrocytes

124 healthy children under 5 years in 2 kindergartens at 2 villages of Cao Xa and Tran Thuong, Tran Cao commune, Phu Cu district, Hung Yen province participated to a study. The results have shown that S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, and S. aureus were isolated from throat and nose of these children accounted for 41.9%, 31.2%, 29.8%, and 0.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of H. influenzae to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol was 94.6%, 83%, 81.1% and 48.6%, respectively. The sensitivity of S.pneumoniae to ampicilline, penicilline and methicilline, and cefaclor was 100%, 95.8% and 92.3%, respectively.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; child ; nose ; Pharynx

Testing for antinuclear antibodies are useful in evaluation of autoimmune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies are detected by a variety of techniques including indirect immuno-fluorescence, enzyme immuno-fluorescence, enzyme immunocytochemistry, and ELISA. In this study, anti-n-DAN quick test was performed on 127 patients who are treated at Rheumatology Department of Bach Mai Hospital from December 1997 to February 1999. Diagnosis in each of these disorders was based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR). The results shown that, anti-n-nDNA was positive in 84.6% patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 24.4% patients with systemic sclerosis and only 8.3% patients with rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. Anti-n-DNA quick test is simply and easy to perform but specificity and sensitivity of this method are still limited to compare with others.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Autoimmune Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapeutics

Methods: Isolating Cl. perfringens (C.P.) from pig faeces, pigsty floor, pathway between pigsty-kitchen, foodstuffs for pig, waste water among households, which divided into 2 groups: A (endemic region) and B (control). Specimens were cultured by standard technique at the microbiological Lab of the Nat. Inst. of Veterinary in order to identify C.P. Results: In the endemic group: the positive rates of C.P. in pig faeces was 76.74%; in pigsty floor was 93.33%; in nearby pathway was 100%; in foodstuffs for pig was 75% and 100% in waste water, while at the some time, in the control group, this rate was only 16.66% in pig faeces (p<0.01). The percentage of C.P isolated from pig faeces of the endemic group was 5 times higher than that of the control group. Perhaps, the severe contamination with C.P in living environment would be an important factor for the EN occurrence in humans, as well as in animals.
epidemiology ; Intestinal Diseases

The cross-sectional desriptive study included 762 postmenopause women who lived in inner and suburb of Ha Noi city. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: 5 years or less of menopause, between 5 to 10 years of menopause and 10 years or more of menopause. All of them were overall examined. 206 women also were calcaneal ultrasound measured. The results showed that the rate of joint pain was 55.7%, increasing gradually with the years of menopause and more common in inner-city women. The rate of back pain was 68.2% and more common in suburb women.
Rheumatic Diseases ; ultrasonography ; Postmenopause ; diagnosis

In 2001-2002 period, at the Hospital of Hemotology and Blood Transfusion of Ho Chi Minh, a cross-sectioncal analytic descriptive study was carried out covering 92 cases thrombocyte transfusion for 67 patients with acute myoblastic and lymphoblastic leucemia. The results were analogue with those obstained by foreign authors concerning the indices of assessment of the efficacy of thrombocyte transfusion. The number of thrombocytes in a condensed unit of blood plaquettes obtained on the apparatus of extraction and isolation in comparing with body weight of Viet Nam subject had created optimal doses of thrombocyte transfusion in patients without associated factors increasing the consumption of blood plaquettes and these are the doses possibly attained in Vietnamese blood donor
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute ; Platelet Transfusion ; Blood

The effects of the combination between artesunate and primaquine or chloroquine on lipid peroxidation and on G6PDH activity of human erythrocytes were studied: (1) Artesunate concentrations between 1 and 10 mM induced the lipid peroxidation of human erythrocytes. The combination between artesunate and chloroquine reduced this process. (2) Artesunate used alone or in the combination with primaquine or chloroquine had no effect on G6PDH activity of human erythrocytes. These results suggest that artesunate was synergistic with primaquine but antaginistic with chloroquine on the lipid peroxidation, while both artesunate used alone and these drug combinations had no effect on G6PDH activity of human erythrocytes.
Artesunate ; erythrocytes ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; drug therapy