Study was carried out at some kindergarten with 773 children of 1-5 years old of age. Results showed an incidence of catarrhal media otitis of 10.34%. This incidence trends to increased in the lower age with a peak of 12.21% at the age of 2, then diminished gradually. The gender rate is 53.75% in boys comparing with 46.25% in girls. In 75.60% patients the condition occurred in both sides of two ears and in the case of unilateral development, the rate is 70.27% in the left in comparing with 29.73% in right ear
Otitis Media ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; epidemiology

Study performed with 1168 children aged 1-15 in some kindergarten and maternal school, primary school and secondary school in the commune Trung Tu, Kim Lien – District Dong Da – Ha Noi had showed that 8,9% children had effusive otitis media. In the group of children with VA, the incidence of effusive otitis media was higher than in the group without VA (13,74% vs 8,01%). In the group of children with tonsilitis, the incidence of effusive otitis media was higher than in the group without tonsilitis (15,69% vs 8,26%)
Otitis Media with Effusion ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Child

A retrospective study on 77 cases of injuries in the neck in the institute of ear, nose and throat during 1970-1994 has shown that the rate of disease free among patients who early hospitalized without complication was 91.6%. The rate of sequela due to the pharyngeal cartilage rupture was 8.41%. The rate of disease free, sequela and mortality among patients who lately hospitalized with complication was 54.5%, 27.3% and 18.2% respectively
Neck ; Neck Injuries

By column chromatograpy and thin layer chromatography, a purified substance named H3 was isolate from the dried powder of Rau Ma (leaf, stem and root of Centella asiatica). Basing on fusion point, IR spectrum, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, COSY 90, the extracted substance was identified as C48H78O19
Triterpenes ; Centella ; isolation & purification ; Identification (Psychology)

The influence of smoke on otitis media was investigated on 1168 children from 1 to 15 years old of age in Trung Tu and Kim Lien Quarters (Ha Noi) from July 2000 to 2001. The interview was performed on their parents with a questionary of 19 issues concerning the risk factor of otitis media, the examination of ENT and the measuring of ear volume were exerted by two times in all subjects during the period of 1 year. Results showed a prevalence of 8,9% of otitis media in Ha Noi children, the rate of boys is higher than that of girls. Smoke and environment pollution is one of the risk factors of high pulmonary tract infection and of catarrhal otitis media
Otitis Media ; Smoke ; Child

Among 773 children are diverse kindergartens and maternal school in Hanoi the prevalence of secretory otitis media, in winter is 18.49%, summer 11.25%, chronical – in both winter and summer 10.34%, in boys 53.75%, higher than girls 6.25%. The prevalence in breastfeeding infants lower significantly than in bottle feeding ones (9.78% versus 21.62%)
Otitis Media with Effusion ; Child ; Diseases ; Breast Feeding

Background: Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. (Anthericaceae) are medicinal plants used by people to restore and improve the health of women after birth to boost energy quickly. Objectives: To anounce the results of acute toxicity and cytotoxic effect of Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. (Anthericaceae). Subjects and method: Using an acute toxicity test on Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. (Anthericaceae) collected at Thua Thien Hue province on September, 2005. The data was analysed by bio statistic based on the data analysis of Microsoft Excel. Results:At the dose of 120g/kg body weigh we have not found the oral LD\xac 50 so of the aqueous extract of Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. in mice. Methyl caffeate and 1,2Di-O-(9Z, 12Z- octadecatrienoyl) -3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylglycerol were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots from Chlorophytum laxum R. Br. have antitumor activity in lung, liver cancer cells and pericardioma. Conclusion: This is the first scientifically published article on the biological effects of Chlorophytum laxum R. Br plant roots, particularly the cytotoxic effects on common cancer cell such as liver cancer, lung cancer from the isolated compounds in pure.
Acute toxicity ; cytotoxic effect of Chlorophytum laxum

Background: Herniated lumbar disc is a very common disease in the age group of 20-50 year olds the worldwide, likewise in Vietnam. There are many traditional therapies for treating this disease, such as electro-acupuncture, traditional massage, and traditional drugs... Objectives: To evaluate the effects and side-effects of combining electro-acupuncture, traditional massage, magnet-heating and lumbar traction in treating herniated lumbar disc. Subjects: 60 patients with herniated lumbar disc, over 20 years of age, were treated at the Department of Traditional Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital of Traditional Medicine between July 2006 and October 2007. Method: Prospective, clinical case-controlled trial. Participants were divided equally into two groups: intervention and control group. The treatment lasted for 30 days. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 11.5. Results: After 30 days of treatment, there were significant improvements in intervention patients about Lasegue sign, elasticity of lumbar spine, and daily movements when compared to control group. Outcomes after 30 days of treatment in the control group were 16.7% of very good, 43.3% of good, and 40% of moderate. Intervention group had better results, with 46.7% of very good, 46.7% of good, and 6.6% of moderate (p <0.01). There was not any side-effect observed in this trial. Conclusion: The combination of electro-acupuncture, traditional massage, magnet - heating and lumbar traction is a safe method and is an effective treatment for herniated lumbar disc.
Electro-acupuncture ; Traditional massage ; Magnet-heating ; lumbar traction ; Herniated lumbar disc

Background: Sodium bicarbonate is highly alkaline and may be helpful in relieving symptoms of gout. Sodium bicarbonate helps to adjust your body's pH level, slightly creating an alkaline-forming state that lessens the likelihood of gout attacks. We can prepare sodium bicarbonate in several ways to treat gout symptoms. Objective: To examine the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate for treatment of gout. Subjects and method: A study was conducted in 54 patients with gout at Department of Rheumatology of Bach Mai hospital, from September 2006 to March 2007. Patients were divided into two groups, group 1 included 29 patients treated with intravenous sodium bicarbonate and group 2 included 25 patients treated with oral sodium bicarbonate. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Results: No significant changes showed between serum uric acid level, 24-hour urine uric acid level at before and after treatment in 2 groups. Gout patients with renal failure had increased level of 24-hour urine uric acid after treatment (p < 0.05). There were significantly increased level of urine volume, urine pH and decreased level of urine specific gravity after treatment. The effect of sodium bicarbonate was not different between intravenous usage and oral usage. Conclusion: Sodium bicarbonate could change urine environment, limit crystallization of urine uric acid of gout patients.
Gout/ therapy

Purpose: Simulation teaching refers to the replication of real-life scenarios, enabling students to practice nursing skills and learn actively in a safe environment. It also helps students control their anxiety and fears when caring for real patients. This study investigated the relationships of Vietnamese nursing students’ self-confidence in clinical practice with their satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation-based practice. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 182 nursing students. The data collection included 2 separate stages with 2 main questionnaires. The Student Satisfaction and Self‐Confidence in Learning Scale was used to measure students’ satisfaction and self‐confidence after learning in the simulation room. The Confidence Scale was used to measure students’ self-confidence when first performing techniques on actual patients. Data were analyzed by descriptive and Pearson correlation statistics. Results: Students’ satisfaction and self-confidence during the simulation course were quite high (mean±standard deviation [SD], 4.06±0.48 and 4.11±0.46 out of 5.0, respectively). In contrast, their confidence when first practicing on a patient was moderate (mean±SD, 3.19±0.62 out of 5.0). Students’ satisfaction showed moderate and weak positive correlations with self-confidence in pre-clinical practice and in clinical practice (r=0.33, P<0.001 and r=0.26, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion Simulation has become an effective teaching strategy that can help nursing students be well-prepared for clinical placements in Vietnam. An effective nursing education strategy is needed to enhance the satisfaction and self-confidence of nursing students in simulation and then in clinical practice to help achieve professional engagement and development.