Morphea, a localized type of scleroderma, is a rare fibrosing disorder of the skin that presents with a variety of clinical manifestations such as linear morphea, plaque morphea, generalized morphea and other miscellaneous groups. It has an incidence rate of 0.4-2.7 cases per 100,000 people. Generalized morphea is defined as four or more plaques larger than 3cm, and/or involving of two or more anatomical sites. Among pediatric population, 5% of the cases present as generalized morphea. Concomitant vitiligo is found in in 7% of morphea cases. We report a case of generalized morphea in a four-year-old boy who presented with a one-year history of multiple, well-defined, indurated, annular, skin-colored to hyperpigmented plaques with central atrophy on the mid to lower back and left cheek. There was also concurrent two-year history of multiple ill-defined vitiliginous patches on the upper back, upper arms, and elbow.

Human ; Male ; Child Preschool ; Arm ; Atrophy ; Cheek ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Incidence ; Scleroderma, Localized ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Skin ; Vitiligo

Introduction: Meloxicam is a NSAID which able to inhibit the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of Meloxicam in inhibit the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) induced by benzopyrenes. The apoptosis and proliferation of OSCC, the p53, Ras and COX-2 expression used as indicator. Methods: male mice were induced by benzopyrene 10 mg/kg body weight was given topically on buccal mucosa 2 times a week for 4 weeks for induced the OSCC. Meloxicam was given orally with 3 different doses was 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 200mg/kg.b.w given once a day for 60 days. The control groups were given with CMC-1% 0.1ml/10g body weight. The buccal mucosa then biopsy and staining with immunohistochemistry to analyzed the p53, Ras, COX-2 expression, apoptosis and proliferation of OSCC. Results: The increase of Meloxicam dose is proportional to the increase in wild p53 expression and apoptosis, and inversely proportional to the expression of mutant race, cox-2 and the proliferation of OSCC. Conclusion: Meloxicam able to inhibit the growth of OSCC induced by benzopyrenes.