In the past 30 years,the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made remarkable progress in China,ranking the first among middle-income countries.Many cardiovascular technologies are at or near the world's leading level,and significant progress has been achieved in China solving the problem of"treatment difficulty"of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).However,due to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents,a huge population with CVD risk factors,accelerated population aging,and other reasons,the incidence and mortality rate of CVD are still increasing,and the turning point of the decline in disease burden has not appeared yet in China.In terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents,CVD still ranks the first.In 2020,CVD accounted for 48.00％and 45.86％of the causes of death in rural and urban areas,respectively;two out of every five deaths were due to CVD.It is estimated that the number of current CVD patients in China is around 330 million,including 13 million stroke,11.39 million coronary heart disease,8.9 million heart failure,5 million pulmonary heart disease,4.87 million atrial fibrillation,2.5 million rheumatic heart disease,2 million congenital heart disease,45.3 million peripheral artery disease,and 245 million hypertension cases.China has entered a new stage of transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development,and the prevention and control of CVD in China should also shift from previous emphasis on scale growth to strategies focusing more on strategic and key technological development in order to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality rates of CVD.

In 2019, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were attributed to CVD. It is estimated that approximately 330 million individuals in China are affected by CVD. Among them, there are 13 million cases of stroke, 11.4 million cases of coronary heart disease, 5 million cases of pulmonary heart disease, 8.9 million cases of heart failure, 4.9 million cases of atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million cases of rheumatic heart disease, 2 million cases of congenital heart disease, 45.3 million cases of lower extremity artery disease, and 245 million cases of hypertension. With the dual challenges of population aging and a steady increase in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors, the burden of CVD in China is expected to continue rising. Consequently, new demands arise for CVD prevention, treatment, and the allocation of medical resources. Emphasizing primary prevention to reduce disease prevalence, increasing the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care, and providing rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence, rehospitalization, and disability among CVD survivors are of paramount importance. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes affect millions of individuals in China. Since blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar levels often rise insidiously, vascular disease and serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke occur by the time they are detected in this population. Therefore, it is crucial to implement strategies and measures to prevent risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Furthermore, greater efforts should be directed towards assessing cardiovascular health status and conducting research on early pathological changes to enhance prevention, treatment, and understanding of CVD.

Since 1990,China has made considerable progress in resolving the problem of "treatment difficulty" of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents has exposed a massive proportion of the population to CVD risk factors,and this situation is further worsened due to the accelerated aging population in China. CVD remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese residents. In terms of the proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China,CVD has persistently ranked first. In 2021,CVD accounted for 48.98％ and 47.35％ of deaths in rural and urban areas,respectively. Two out of every five deaths can be attributed to CVD. To implement a national policy "focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention" and truly achieve a shift of CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities,the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across China to compile the "Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China" annually since 2005. The 2024 report is established based on representative,published,and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys,randomized controlled clinical trials,large sample registry studies,and typical community prevention and treatment cases,along with data from some projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases. These firsthand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.

Since 1990,significant progress has been achieved on solving the problem of"treatment difficulty"of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)in China.There are huge population with CVD risk factors due to the prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents,this situation is further worsened due to accelerated aging of the population in China.CVD remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese residents.In terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China,CVD still ranks the first.In 2021,CVD accounted for 48.98%and 47.35%of deaths in rural and urban areas,respectively.Two out of every five deaths are due to CVD.In order to implement the national policy of"focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention"and truly achieve the shift of the CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities,the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across the country to compile the"Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China"annually since 2005.This year's report is established based on representative,published,and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys,randomized controlled clinical studies,large sample registry studies,and typical community prevention and treatment cases,present report also includes data from some of the projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases.These first hand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.