The corresponding author of the article should be corrected as Hyeung-June Kim.

In general, femur fractures in the younger patient population are the result of high energy trauma, such as motorcycle accidents or traffic accidents. A 43-year-old healthy man presented with painful swelling of his right thigh. Plane radiographs showed short oblique fracture of the femur shaft with comminution. He had no medical history such as osteoporosis or any metabolic bone disorder. He was a healthy man with no smoking and no alcohol drinking, enjoying sports activity such as baseball and football. He was injured during defense time of a baseball game by rapid turning motion to catch a ball. We performed intramedullary interlocking nailing for the femur shaft fracture and the fracture was uneventually healed with no complication. To our knowledge, femur shaft fracture which occurred during playing baseball in a healthy middle-aged man has not been reported in our country. So we report this case with a review of the literature.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Baseball* ; Femur ; Football ; Humans ; Male* ; Motorcycles ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sports ; Thigh

Occupational stress is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with decreased risk of CVD. We tested the hypothesis that high occupational stress would be associated with increased cardiovascular risk profiles, but CRF may attenuate this association. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 70 healthy office workers (male, 28; female, 42; mean age, 38±8 years). Occupational stress was assessed using a validated self-reported questionnaire. Total CVD risk score (sum of z-standardized residuals) was calculated by blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profiles and glucose. CRF was estimated by predicted equation during maximal treadmill exercise test. The results showed that an interpersonal conflict as an index of occupational stress was positively correlated with cardiovascular risk score (r=0.43, p<0.05). In contrast, Higher CRF was associated with lower occupational climate (r=−0.25, p<0.05) and total occupational stress score (r=−0.29, p<0.05). The total CVD risk score was similar between group with high stress but high fitness and group with low stress and high fitness (p>0.05). Furthermore, Participants with high stress but high CRF had lower cardiovascular risk score than those with high stress but low CRF (p<0.05). In conclusion, occupational stress is associated with an increased CVD risk, but CRF attenuated this association in office worker with increased occupational stress.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Climate ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Risk Factors*

Physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are associated with overall health outcomes in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of physical activity and HRQOL in adolescents with CHD and healthy controls. In addition, we compared these variables using a propensity score matching to reduce the confounding effects. Participants were divided into three groups with simple CHD (n=55), complex CHD (n=173), and healthy controls (n=181). Self-reported physical activity levels (metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-hr/wk) were obtained using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. HRQOL was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory questionnaire. Total scores of HRQOL in adolescents with complex CHD were significantly lower than those with simple CHD (p=0.022) and healthy controls (p<0.001), respectively; however, there was no significant difference in total scores of HRQOL between adolescents with simple CHD and healthy controls. Levels of physical activity in adolescents with complex CHD were significantly lower than those with simple CHD (p=0.001) and healthy controls (p<0.001). After propensity matched analysis (44 pairs), the results were consistent with the above results. In conclusion, HRQOL scores and physical activity levels are significantly lower in adolescents with complex CHD, but not in adolescents with simple CHD, than in healthy adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Motor Activity* ; Propensity Score ; Quality of Life*

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in association with physical activity and sitting time. Participants of this study are Korean men and women aged 40 to 69, who completed health examination from 2001 to 2003. Physical activity was measured by using an International Physical Activity questionnaire. CKD was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate that is lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of sitting time and physical activity with CKD (p<0.05). When age, sex, and other risk factor of CKD are adjusted, subjects who reported high level of physical activity participation had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of CKD than subjects who reported as sitting low level of physical activity participation (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.99), and subjects who spend more than 5 hours had significantly higher OR of CKD than subjects who spend less than 1 hours (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13–2.37). Multivariate-adjusted OR of CKD associated with sitting time more than 5 hours (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.09–4.52) and high physical activity participation more than 1 hours (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23–0.99) and 5 hours (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24–0.90) were significant in men. High level of physical activity and low level of sitting time were independently associated with OR of CKD, and this supports the importance of reducing sitting time as well as promoting physical activity participation.
Adult* ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motor Activity* ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Lifestyle

The purpose of this study is to compare the side-to-side thickness and asymmetry in the lateral abdominal (LAM) wall muscle group between fencing players and matched controls. Twenty fencing players (10 males and 10 females) and 20 matched controls participated in this study. The resting thicknesses of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) of the LAM on both sides of the abdominal wall were measured in each group using 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasonography. Statistical analysis showed that the asymmetry of the fencers was 15% TrA, 13% IO, and 15% EO, whereas the control group showed 5% TrA, 5% IO, and 6% EO. The LAM was more asymmetric in the fencers than in the controls (p<0.05). The thickness of the right TrA was 0.37 cm in the controls, which was significantly greater than the 0.29 cm thickness in the fencers (p<0.05). The thicknesses of the left TrA and both IO and EO did not differ significantly between fencers and controls (p>0.05). The thickness of the TrA, IO, and EO of the side-to-side LAM wall was more asymmetric in the fencers than in the controls. This suggests that clinicians may find benefits in providing scientific baseline data on muscle asymmetry when treating and managing fencing athletes.
Abdominal Wall* ; Athletes ; Humans ; Jupiter ; Male ; Ultrasonography*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbosacral region angle, lumbar strength, lower muscle strength, physical fitness, and low back pain of sedentary women. Twenty females who spend more than 6 hours a day as sedentary at working were recruited. The subjects were assigned to two different groups which are exercise group (n=10) and non-exercise group (n=10). Exercise program was consisted with Swiss ball and lumber stability exercise, and it was performed 60 min/day and 3 times/wk for 8 weeks. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted to analyze experimental data. As a result, there was no significant difference between groups in lumbar lordosis angle and lumbar sacral angle. However, Isometric lumbar extension strength, isokinetic knee flexion and extension peak torque in angular velocity were significantly different between groups, and the pain was reduced. To conclude, this study identified the effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbar muscular, strength, Sargent jump, sit and reach test and reduced pain.
Animals ; Female* ; Humans ; Knee ; Lordosis ; Low Back Pain ; Lumbosacral Region* ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness* ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Torque

Boxer's knuckle has become known as rare diseases caused by trauma, congenital, idiopathic, degenerative and more. Because there is no research for specific prevalence rate, the purpose of this study is to figure out the possibility of the prevalence rate of Korean early 20's who relied on data from the Internet questionnaire about the group suspected of having Boxer's knuckle by self-diagnosis after an indirect explanation for Boxer's knuckle. The positive response rate of Boxer's knuckle analyzed by a public Internet survey questionnaire contains personal information, Boxer's knuckle symptoms, location, risk factors, family history, and so on. Total of 304 respondents include 106 males (median age, 23 years; Q1, 21–Q3, 23), 198 females (median age, 21 years; Q1, 21–Q3, 23). Thirty-three patients had severe symptoms of Boxer's knuckle (dislocation) and 42 patients had mild symptoms of Boxer's knuckle (subluxation). Sex, age, type of exercise and duration of exercise, family history, etc were analyzed. It is a result that whether or not history of severe exercise and family history are statistical significances as risk factors. Fifteen (7.7%) of 196 people who do not exercise, seven (14.0%) of 50 people with light exercise, 11 (19.0%) of 58 people with severe exercise, 28 (9.5%) of 294 people without family history and five (50.0%) of 10 people with family history showed symptoms of the Boxer's knuckle. The positive response rate of the Boxer's knuckle is 10.9%. The exercise in the possibility of injury and family history are significant predictors.
Female ; Humans ; Internet* ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Prevalence* ; Rare Diseases ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Golf has become an increasingly popular sport worldwide. Although often perceived as a leisurely activity, golf can be a demanding sport, which can result in injury, usually from variety of reasons. While the majority of injuries in golf are attributable to overuse, acute traumatic injuries can also occur. As the body is directly linked to the golf club, the upper extremities are especially prone to injury. This article focuses on the upper extremity injuries in golf, including a discussion of the epidemiology, cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries occurring in shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand.
Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Epidemiology ; Golf ; Hand ; Shoulder ; Sports ; Upper Extremity* ; Wrist

Golf is a popular worldwide sport played regardless of skill level, age, and sex. This characteristic is a major part of appeal. However, the golf swing involves a large range of motion and large forces of whole body and it is associated with a significant number of injuries. Lower back and upper extremity has similarly high injury incidence and followed by lower extremity. Knee, especially anterior cruciate ligament, can be serious in lower extremity injury. Poor swing mechanics and overuse are frequently related. However, injuries are also sustained from hitting the ground or being hit by a golf ball or club.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Back Pain ; Golf ; Incidence ; Knee ; Leg Injuries ; Lower Extremity* ; Mechanics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine* ; Sports ; Upper Extremity