Through the research from 51 patients (34 men, 17 women) suffered from serious burns (Classified according to the method of Bull and Fischer), who were treated in national institute of Burn (NIB). The results showed that: (1) the rate of patients, who have symptoms of hypercoagulation is rather high. Therefore, preventive treatment for disseminated-intravascular-coagulation (DIC) in seriously burnt patients is necessary. CM2 drug was cabaple of preventive treating hypercoagulation in seriously burnt patients.
Antithrombin III ; burns ; prevention & control

Background: Bacteria are among the common pathogens in Vietnam and other developing countries. Antibiotics are effective in the treatment, but the antibiotics gradually become ineffective due to drug resistance of bacteria, especially in children..\r\n', u'Objectives: Determine the root cause bacterial infections and often determine the extent of antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in Hai Phong pediatric Hospital.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: At Microorganism Department of Hai Phong pediatric Hospital from January 2003 to December 2004, 558 trains of common pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 0 -15 year old children clinical samples such as: blood, pus, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool...These samples of isolated microorganisms were also tested on their sensitiveness to several antibiotics.\r\n', u'Results:Findings showed that the 3 most frequently recognized bacterier out of 11 antibiotic sensitive tested species were: streptococcus pneumoniae (20.61%), neisseria (18.1%), E.coli (15.95%); and the most resisted antibiotics included: Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ampiciline. The staph was resistant to general Chlora, phenicol, Co-trimoxazol, and also sensitive to cefotacim, Amikacin. In the bacillus bacteria tested were resistant blue latex all, only works with Amikacin.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Its also found that every kind of tested bacterium had got various levels of sensitivity to different of antibiotics.\r\n', u'
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria/ microbiology

Background: According to assessment of Ministry of Health, developing constitution of pupuls under 14 years old grade A: 23%, grade B: 52%, grade C: 25%. Objectives: Analysis on environmental conditions, school and health status of pupils, comment, propose to enhance study conditions as well as constitution for pupils. Subjects and method: Pupils at primary schools, secondary shools, high schools in Quang Dien, Huong Thuy, A Luoi district. Method: cross-sectional descriptive study by light meter, measure microclimate, noise and steel measure to measure size of desks and chairs. Analyse, synthetize data by Exel. Results: School environment had remained disadvantageous factors that affects on pupils\ufffd?health status. There were a shortage of hygienic contructions, wrong size chairs and benches, poorly equipped school health office. Among 20,800 pupils, good health (grade A) was 48,42% in elementary schools, 52,07% in middle schools and 54,1% in high schools. The rate of eye diseases has increased in higher classes. Conclusion: Build and transform school have met the regulation of Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education and Training. School must have clean water works, clean toilet and have handwash tub. Organize periodic health test for pupils, always control school hygiene to timely contribute opinions help school to overcome shortcomings, limit disadvantageous conditions for pupils to prevent school health cause by insanitation environments and conditions.
Health Status ; Pupil/ physiology ;

Background: FISH can detect number and structural chromosome aberrations in DNA. FISH is new technique in Vietnam, we combine FISH with chromosome analysis to prenatal diagnosis Down syndrome and turner syndrome that are high rate in birth defect.Objectives: To detect Down syndrome and turner syndrome by using FISH technique with chromosome analysis from amniotic cell.Subjects and method: 14amniotic cells samples 15th - 20th week with high risk of birth defects. Advance using FISH and chromosome analysis from amniotic cell. Results: We obtained results as follow: - 14/14 samples: correspondence between FISH and chromosome analysis. \ufffd?Detected 2 Down syndrome (female. Trisomi 21) and 4 Turner syndrome (45, X). Conclusion: Detected Down syndrome and Turner syndrome by using FISH technique with chromosome analysis from amniotic cell.
Down Syndrome/ diagnosis ; Turner Syndrome/ diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; In Situ Hybridization ; Fluorescence ;

Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the second cause of Mental Retardation (MR) and the first cause of familiar MR. This syndrome affects up to 1/4000 men and 1/8000 women. X syndrome is often diagnosed by molecular biology technique such as RCR and Southern blot. Until now there is no study on FXS in Vietnam. Objectives: This study is aimed at: (1) Determine FXS among children with MR by technique of molecular biology. (2) Determine the mutation of FMR1 gen in families having children with FXS. Subject and Method: 214 children between 6 and 16 years of age (136 male and 78 female) with MR were analyzed FMR1 gen by PCR and Southern blot techniques. Families of children with FXS were also analyzed. Result and conclusion: This is the first study on FXS using the techniques of molecular biology in Vietnam. Identified 3 children with FXS, accounting for 1.4% of MR. Children with FXS and members with full mutation and premutation were found.
Fragile X syndrome ; FMR1 gene ; Mental retardation

Background/Introduction:The proportion of TS \u2013 Q96 ranges from 1/1500 \u2013 1.300 female newborns and about 3% of fetuses. In most of the world, TS can be diagnosed and treated at the early stages of pregnancies. In Vietnam, TS patients are frequently detected at the later stages with serious syndromes. TS diagnosis mainly relies on chromosomal analysis of amnion cells. Thus, prenatal diagnosis of TS is the rationale of this study.\r\n', u'Objectives: Utilize chromosomal analysis and FISH methods to diagnose Turner syndrome from amnion cells. \r\n', u'Subject and method: 30 pregnancies (from week 14-22) with high risks of TS, which were detected by ultrasound scan and triple test, 15 mil amnio fluid is withdrawn for the FISH technique from interphase amniocytes and amnio cultures, chromosomal analysis from metaphase cultured cells. \r\n', u'Results/Outcomes: Chromosomal analysis and FISH analysis give the same results: - 12/30 fetus with TS, 5/30 fetus with normal female results, \u2013 4/30 fetus with normal male normal results, \u2013 4/30 fetus with Down syndrome, \u2013 5/30 fetus with Edward syndrome. 11/12 TS fetus have large cystic hygromas, 9/11 cystic hygromas are separated. 12/12 TS fetus have triple test (+) with the threshold: APF \u2264 0.7 MoM, HCG \u2265 2 MoM, uE3 \u2264 0.7 MoM.\r\n', u'Conclusion:Chromosonal analysis and FISH are standards for diagnosing TS fetus. FISH can provide a quick result (48-72h). \r\n', u'
Turner syndrome (TS) ; Chromosome ; Fluorescence in site hybridization (FISH)

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the first laparoscopic surgery that was performed at Cho Ray hospital in September 1992. In 2005, Quang Tri general hospital has performed successfully the first case of laparoscopic appendectomy. Objectives: To access the preliminary results of application on endoscopic surgery in Quang Tri general hospital. Subjects and method: A prospective study was conducted on 140 patients with laparoscopic surgery or retroperitoneal surgery, was performed in Quang Tri general hospital from September, 2005 to April, 2006. Results:Among 140 patients was operated, there was only one case of postoperative intestinal obstructive complication (accounted for 0.7%), no case of death. Operative aged was between 11 and 70 years old. The average surgical time was 65 minutes for cholecystectomy, 35 minutes for appendectomy, 85 minutes for ureterolithotomy, 80 minutes for gynecological diseases. 2 cases of cholecystectomy and appendectomy changed open surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method. It can be developed in provincial hospitals. Quang Tri general hospital has successful preliminary developed the new technique.
Laparoscopy ;

Background: In Vietnam, the HIV/AIDS pandemic is quickly spreading, almost totally in young people and among injecting drug users.The transition phase from smoking to injecting is very important for the life of injecting drug users because it is a risk factor of disease transmission. Objectives: (1) To analyze the transition phase from smoking/sniffing to injecting of the young male heroin users in Ha Noi. (2) To describe some factors related to the transition phase in these people. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study carried out from September 2004 to September 2005 at 9 districts in Ha Noi city. The subjects were 1115 young men aged 16 to 29 years, who has been living in Ha Noi for over 6 months and smoked/sniffed heroin within the last 30 days. Results and conclusions: The average time of drug user in the 1115 subjects was 4.7 years. The majority started using drug at the age of 18.4 +/- 3.1 years. In which, 71 % consume the drugs by injection. The average time from smoking to injecting is 2.49 +/- 2.2 years. The main reasons for injecting drugs were for being faster \u2018on the height\u2019 (42%) and cheaper (40%). Some factors related to the transition phase included: age of the first heroin use, year of the first heroin use, situation for migrating into Ha Noi, knowledge level, the kind of drug used for the first time. Young people began using heroin in the year 2000 had a quicker transition phase than those using heroin before 1997 (p< 0.01).
injecting drug user ; drug user ; heroin

Background: Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province is one of the areas contaminated with Agent Orange in Wartime and now up to it still continues to affect the environmental life and health of people living there. Objectives: Investigate the factual status of mortality rate from 2002 to 2006 in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province and determine the burden of mortality based on the number of Years of Lost Life (YLLs). Subject and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all deaths from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2006 in Phu Cat population. Burden of mortality was analyzed using the WHO standard method. The dead cases were causal diagnosed by Verbal Autopsy tools and update information for mortality rate. Results: Mortality rates were 3.1%o (2002), 3.3%o (2003), 4.08%o (2004) and 2.67% (2005). YLLs from 2002 to 2006 in order are: 55.87%, 57.98%, 73.82%, 48.74% and 49.01%, respectively. The number of mortality in men was higher than women and had a tendency to increase from 2002 to 2004, to decrease during 2005 and 2006. YLLs in group of ages 0-4 was highest in 2004 (150.76%o), followed by 2002 (126.28%o) and was lowest in 2005 (39.72%o). YLLs in groups of ages >60 was high, especially in non-communicable disease. Conclusions: Mortality model from 2002 to 2006 in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province was appropriate for the national mortality model. According to YLLs, the burden of mortality was determined as the general burden of mortality from 2002 to 2006 and burden of mortality followed disease groups: communicable disease, nutrition disease and pregnancy; non-communicable disease; poisoned and accident related diseases.
burden of mortality ; mortality

Background: Cystic hygromas is a common abnormal event in obstetrics ultrasound, which is induced by a chromosome disorder; it is also one of the major causes inducing fetus\u2019s congenital malformation. Objective: Determining chromosomal aberration in nuchal cystic hygromas by FISH technique and outcomes the value of factors in prognosis fetuses with cystic hygroma. Subject and methods: 53 fetuses with cystic hygroma, which are detected by ultrasound scan, are analyzed by FISH technique. Compare results of FISH, band G chromosomal analysis, ultrasonographic abnormalities, followed the fetuses. Results: Chromosomal and FISH analysis give the same detection: abnormal chromosomes: 75.46%, the highest rate is Turner syndrome: 50.94%, normal chromosome: 24.53%. Abnormal chromosomal fetuses: multi-malformation, grim prognosis. Cystic hygroma with other malformation in scan: high rate chromosomal aberrations and septated hygroma, Turner syndrome fetuses have large cystic hygroma, 4/6 fetuses with normal chromosome and without other abnormal result scan have resolutions of hygroma in the second trimester, normal birth. Conclusions: Abnormal chromosomes: 75.46%. Prognosis is grim: abnormal chromosomes, other malformations in scan, large cystic, septated hygroma. Prognosis is better: normal chromosomes, without other ultrasonographic abnormalities, small cystic, nonseptated hygroma, resolution of cystic hygroma.
cystic hygroma ; FISH technique ; chromosome