A molecular epidemiological analysis of newly isolated strains of EV71 in West Pacific Region was carried out. VP1 region of recently isolated EV71 were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis had revealed 2 major genogroup B and C. Basing on nucleotid sequences in VP1 region, those 2 genogroups were divided into sub-groups of B1,B2,B3,B4 and C2,C2,C3,C4. North Vietnam isolated EV71 strains and 4 Shanghai isolate EV71 strains had composed a new genogroup belonging to C4 sub-group genes. South Vietnam isolated EV1 strains and Thailand recently isolated EV71 strains had composed special genogroup belonging C1 sub-group genes
Epidemiology, Molecular ; Enterovirus ; epidemiology ; viruses

498 healthy children aged from 1 to 10 years were examined on the relationships between immunized status and a number of received OPV doses as well as the period of time after the last OPV dose. The results showed that the mixed antibody rate of 3 types was 86.5%; the monotype antibody rate was 97.8% in type 1, 99.7% in type 2 and 89.3% in type 3. Antibody titer was very high in all ages, GMTs of type 1 and type 2 were 143 and 146, respectively while that of type 3 was 31. Antibody rate and antibody titer with poliovirus had decreased year by year, have relationship with the number of received OPV doses, as well as the duration after the last OPV dose
Poliovirus ; Immunization ; child

On 200 samples of CSF with negative reaction to cephalitis virus from children suffering from acute cephalitis at National Institute of Pediatry and 250 fecal samples of healthy children aged of 2-6 years in kindergartens and creches, an investigation was performed in the year 2001. 44% of CSF sample had positive reaction to enteroviruses, among them 96.6% were ECHO 30/virus, the rest samples were ECHO 6. The incidence was 1.7 time higher in boys than in girls, their 97% were 3-14 years old. The epidemy appeared in June-July. Clinical symptoms were headache 100%, fever and nausea 90%, stiff nape 72.7%. The rate of enterovirus in healthy children accounted for 70% in 2 year old age children and 6% in 5 years old children
Enteroviruses, Porcine ; Meningitis ; Child

Background: Bacteria are among the common pathogens in Vietnam and other developing countries. Antibiotics are effective in the treatment, but the antibiotics gradually become ineffective due to drug resistance of bacteria, especially in children. The study on influenza virus in 2001-2003 has resulted in preventative activities against the acute respiratory tract infections in children.\r\n', u'Objectives: Determine the root cause bacterial infections and often determine the extent of antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in Hai Phong pediatric Hospital.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: At Microorganism Department of Hai Phong pediatric Hospital from January 2003 to December 2004, 558 trains of common pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 0 -15 year old children clinical samples such as: blood, pus, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool...These samples of isolated microorganisms were also tested on their sensitiveness to several antibiotics.\r\n', u'Results:Findings showed that the 3 most frequently recognized bacterier out of 11 antibiotic sensitive tested species were: streptococcus pneumoniae (20.61%), neisseria (18.1%), E.coli (15.95%); and the most resisted antibiotics included: Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ampiciline. The staph was resistant to general Chlora, phenicol, Co-trimoxazol, and also sensitive to cefotacim, Amikacin. In the bacillus bacteria tested were resistant blue latex all, only works with Amikacin.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Its also found that every kind of tested bacterium had got various levels of sensitivity to different of antibiotics.\r\n', u'
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; Adenoviridae ; Influenza ; Human ;

From 1991 to 1994, 203 poliovirus positive cases were identified among 559 patients with acute flaccid paralysis. Of these 207 isolates: 175 cases were caused by poliovirus type 1, 7 by type 2 and 11 type 3. Most of these isolates were intratypically differentiated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Of the studied 142 isolates: 107 were wild type 1 poliovirus strains, 7 were wild type 3 poliovirus strains, the remaining strains were Sabin vaccine-like strains. 107 wild type 1 poliovirus strains were divided into 7 groups by PCR-RFLP patterns and were also classified into 3 genomic groups by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. There were 3 unique wild poliovirus strains were circulating in Northern Vietnam during period 1991-1993. In 1994, no wild poliovirus was isolated
Poliovirus ; Viruses ; epidemiology

In 2004, 10 poliovirus strains were isolated from 4 acute flaccid paralytic cases (AFP). All these poliovirus strains were confirmed as Sabin-like strains. 66 other non-polio enterovirus strains were also isolated including 29 echoviruses, coxsackie B viruses and 30 untyped enteroviruses. These virus strains were isolated from 489 stool specimens of 245 AFP cases. The results confirmed the free status of the stable sustaining poliomyelitis in Viet nam.
Viruses ; Enterovirus ; Poliomyelitis, Patients

In the period from 2000 to 2004, 393 non-polio enterovirus strains were isolated containing 140 Echoviruses, 35 coxsackie viruses and 218 untyped enteroviruses. These viral strains were isolated from 2,232 stool specimens of 1,116 patients with acute flaccid paralysis. 32 poliovirus isolates were all Sabin viruses. The result confirmed the free status of the sustaining of poliomyelitis between 2000 and 2004 in Vietnam.
Enterovirus ; Poliomyelitis, Patients

In 2003, National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory-NIHE of Hanoi isolated three type 3 poliovirus strains from 466 stool specimens of 233 acute flaccid paralysis cases. All these poliovirus strains were confirmed as Sabin-like strains. 86 other non-polio enterovirus strains were isolated including 31 echoviruses, 4 coxsackie B viruses and 51 untyped enteroviruses. The results confirmed the sustainance of polio-myelitis free status in Viet nam.
Poliovirus ; Paralysis

Background: Paralysis has been eliminated in Vietnam in 2000. To maintain the achievement, Vietnam needs to have more than 90% of children under 1 age drinking 3 doses of OPV, controlling cases of acute flaccid paralysis and diagnosing for virology in laboratory to determine causes of the disease. Results of laboratory identifying Polio virus and enterovirus in patients with acute flaccid paralysis is evidence of successful in paralytic elimination annually in Vietnam.\r\n', u'Objectives: To of isolate polio virus and enterovirus in patients with acute flaccid paralysis suspected paralysis in 2005.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study included 267 cases with acute flaccid paralysis from 29 provinces, cities in the North and six provinces in the Central of Vietnam during 2005.\r\n', u'Results:Results of surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis and indicators of samples tested in 2005 have reached the criteria regulated by the World Health Organization. 8 poliovirus strains and 56 other non-polio enterovirus strains were isolated from 538 stool specimens of above patients. All isolated poliovirus strains were confirmed as Sabin-like strains. 56 non-polio enterovirus strains included coxsaxkie A (3), conxsackieB (5), echoviruses (34), enterovirus 71 (1) and untyped enteroviruses (13). Wild polio virus was not isolated in 2005.\r\n', u'Conclusion: The result confirmed successfulness in maintaining of poliomyelitis free status in the North and 6 provinces of the Central of Vietnam in 2005.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Paralysis ; Enterovirus ; Poliovirus

Background: The health education system has been established in Viet Nam since the early part of the 21st century from district to central level. In 2002, Health education has been considered as a first standard out of 10 national health standards for communal level. But there are few studies assessed the situation of health education activities at district level. Objectives: To discover the situation and identify possibilities to improve the health education activities at district level. Subjects and method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 provinces: Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Ha Tay and Thai Binh. The questionnaires were used for interviewing health workers in preventive health centers at district and provincial levels of these provinces. Results. The health education activities have been carried out at district level with different methods, but 35.4% of respondents noted that these activities were not good enough. The significant number of health workers, who were responsible for health education at district level did not possess the proper knowledge and skills to meet the task requirements. The management of health education remained a limitation. 76.1% interviewed health workers said that the plans of health education activities have not been made properly, a lack of equipment and materials for these activities. Most of the respondents believed that the health education activities can be improved with better implementations.Conclusion: The health education management and activities at district level of the 4 investigated provinces has not achieved levels of expectation. The knowledge and skills of health workers had not met the task requirements. Therefore, it is important to strengthen both knowledge and skills for health workers to improve the health education activities at district level.
Health education ; District level