Outline on the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated during 1989-1995 in Viet Nam based on the data of antimicrobial susceptibility tests of NIHE and ASTS project. Comparing to the data from countries in South East Asis/India we found that: Str.pneumoniae is still susceptible to benzylpenicillin. B-lactams, macrolides, chloramphenicol. In many countries the reported incidence of drug-resistant Str.Pneumoniae has increased in the last year. The frequency and patterns of resistance vary in different geographic regions, countries and over different periods.
Drug Resistance ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

This is a cross sectional study, including quantitative (household survey) and qualitative methods (indept- interview) on 699 people of 157 household living at Cau Giay district. Findings reveal that few people used medical care at the centers (4.3%), the self-medicated rate was highest (42.3%), then the rate of using private services: 27.7% and using services of higher referral levels: 16.7%... Quality and favorable of services, and level of illness... had major influenced to the choices of healthcare services
Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Medical Staff

Across-sectional study was carried out in infants, at 7 communes of Ninh Thanh district, H¶i H­ng province, from 1995-1996. The methods for data collection were Anthopometric measurements, dietary assessment by 24 hour food recall method, clinical examination, and interview of the mothers by close ended questionnaires. The results of the study as follows: (1) Poor nutritional status was accompanied by high prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Interview of the history of diseases showed that poorer nutritional status was higher prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI). (2) Mean of energy intake per child per day of the children who suffered from lower and upper ARI was significantly different from the health children. The energy intake was different among three groups which have different nutritional status, but no significantly. (3) Protein and lipid intake of the children suffered from lower and upper ARI were significant lower than the healthy children. (4) Children suffered from lower and upper ARI had vitamin A intake was significant lower than the healthy children. The mean of Vitamin A intake of children suffered from mild, moderate and normal was significant different from each other.
Nutritional Status ; Diet ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Infant

A retrospective study was carried out in 34 chronic myeloid leukemia patients, who were followed up from the beginning stage of the disease throughout natural history of the disease. The result shows the follows: the percentage of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia was 86.7%, the percentage of transformation into acute lymphocytic leukemia was 13.3%. The median length of chronic phase was 28.9 months. The median survival was 33.6 months (52.4% patients have survived more than 52 months). Main cause of death in chronic phase was emboli due to hyperleucocytic syndrome
Leukemia, Myeloid ; Hydroxyurea ; therapeutics

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in treating CML patients in chronic phase. The result of the research shows that the induction treatment with hydroxyurea with initial dose of 40-60mg/kg body weight daily radically improves hematological condition for CML patients in chronic phase. All patients (42 patients) reached hematological remission (33.3% patients reached complete remission), 66.7% patients reached partial remission WBC decrease from 193.9117.7 g/l to 10.16.0 g/l. Percentage of myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte and metamyelocyte in peripheral blood decrease from 35.08.0% to 6.96.6%. Hemoglobin concentration increase from 86.119.0 g/l to 96.013.3 g/l, RBC increase from 2.90.7 T/l to 3.20.5 T/l. The follow up during the time of induction treatment shows that main hematological indicators have changed gradually when approaching normal physiological values
Leukemia ; Hydroxyurea ; therapeutics

The study was carried out on 61 chronic myelo-granulocytic leukemia (CML) patients aimed to investigate the cytological features of peripheral blood. The results showed that all patients had laboratory features of normocytic and normochromic anemia (RBC counts: 2.8T/L +/- SD 0.59). All patients have increased WBC and platelet counts (WBC count: 210.5G/L +/- SD 101.0, platelet count: 624.3G/L +/- SD 431.9). The differentiated white cells showed all types of granulocytic cell (myeloblast 1.5%, promyelocytes 4%, myelocytes 15.5%, metamyelocytes 14.8%, band forms 7.1%, segmented neutrophils 44.9%, basophils 3.3%, eosinophils 2.4%, lymphocytes 5.4%, monocytes 0.1%) with the increase on absolute number and percentage of basophil and eosinophil. However, there was no elevation in myelocyte count compared with metamyelocyte count
Leukemia ; diagnosis ; Cytology ; blood

The study aimed to investigate the changes in blood uric acid level. Participants were 61 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia who were treated at the Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion between 9/1999 and 12/2000. Main findings: Blood uric acid level has increased in a significant percentage of patients: 35.9% of males and 36.4% of females have blood uric acid level of 529 and 423Mmol/l, respectively. Mean level of blood uric acid for whole group was 356 +/- 132Mmol/l for males and 281+/-129 Mmol/l for females. Blood uric acid level was not changed consistently with white blood cell count. However, there was a tendency of having higher blood uric acid level in the patients with higher WBC count. The symptoms of secondary gout were not observed in patients of this study
Leukemia ; Uric Acid ; blood

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of the primitive hematopoietic stem cell. The research is performed to examine the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in treating patients with CML in chronic stage. The results showed that hydroxyurea dramatically improved clinical and hematological condition. All patients reached complete or partial remission
Leukemia ; Hydroxyurea ; therapeutics ; blood ; diagnosis

From January 1997 to January 1998, there were 21 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who admitted to the Clinical Department, National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, B¹ch Mai Hospital. Mean age of patients was 42.85 for men and 38.12 for women. Among these patients, splenomegaly was observed in 100% of patients. Hyperleukocytosis, hyperthrombocytemia, erythrocytopenia, and hyperuricemia all were measured. 94% of patients were positive with Philadelphia chromosome
Leukemia ; Hydroxyurea ; Hematologic Agents ; diagnosis

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in treating CML patients in chronic phase. The result of the research shows that the induction treatment with hydroxyurea (initial dose: 40-60mg/kg body weight daily) radically improved clinical condition for CML patients: the size of spleen was reduced in the majority of patients (91.7% and 63.9% patients have palpable spleen (P<0.05), 83.3% and 5.6% patients have enlarged spleen third and forth degree before and after induction treatment respectively, percentage of patients with symptoms of high viscosity syndrome decreased from 36.1% to 0% after treatment with P<0.001, symptoms of anemia were decreased in the majority of patients. The follow up during the time of induction treatment shows that main clinical symptoms (enlarged spleen, high viscosity syndrome, anemia) have improved gradually in accordance with the decrease of WBC
Leukemia ; Hydroxyurea