Infra-slow oscillation (ISO) is a kind of brain rhythm between 0.01 and 0.5 Hz. ISO is widely distributed in multiple brain regions. As an important psychophysiological activity, the ISO interacts with high-frequency neural rhythm via cross-frequency coupling, but has different activity patterns from high-frequency neural activity. Physiologically, the ISO may be generated by the dynamic activity of thalamus, glia, and ions. Psychologically, the frequency, amplitude, and phase of ISO could all regulate cognitive activities, but in different ways. Investigations on the ISO expands the neural rhythm research to lower frequency range, further promoting the construction of rhythmic theory of brain function.
Brain ; Thalamus

No abstract available.
Marchiafava-Bignami Disease* ; Thalamus

Organic causes of astasia or asterixis have been described in the literature. However, concurrent unilateral manifestation of the two symptoms is extremely rare. We report two cases presenting with astasia and asterixis due to infarcts involving the ventrolateral nucleus of the left thalamus. Acute onset of astasia or asterixis in patients without significant metabolic disorder should alert the clinician on the possibility of acute stroke involving the thalamus.
Dyskinesias* ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Stroke ; Thalamus

Cross-talk between the thalamus and cortex has been implicated in attention but its pathogenic role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unknown. Here, I demonstrate that Git1-/- mice, previously proposed as an animal model for ADHD, show abnormal theta oscillation in the thalamus. Multi-electrode recordings revealed that Git1-/- mice have hyper-synchrony of neural activities between the thalamus and cortex. The abnormal thalamic oscillation and thalamocortical synchrony in Git1-/- mice were markedly reduced by amphetamine. In addition, ethosuximide ameliorates abnormal thalamic oscillation and ADHD-like hyperactivity shown in Git1-/- mice. My study suggests critical roles of GIT1 and thalamocortical neural circuitry in ADHD.
Amphetamine ; Animals ; Ethosuximide ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Thalamus

Cerebral infarction in the territory of the paramedian thalamopeduncular artery (PTA) causes various lesions in the upper midbrain and thalamus resulting in widespread disturbances in neurological function. However, the exact topography and variations in the territories of the PTA remain unknown. We report four patients with MRI-proven infarctions in the PTA territory. One patient had lesions in the unilateral thalamus and midbrain, the other two had lesions in the bilateral paramedian thalamus and unilateral midbrain, and the remaining patient had lesions in the unilateral thalamus and bilateral midbrain. Clinical manifestations depended on the variations of the size and extent of infarctions. Theanatomical variations of the PTA are discussed and suggested.
Arteries* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Mesencephalon ; Thalamus

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Japanese* ; Neuroimaging* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Thalamus

Cheiro-oral syndrome is a unilateral sensory impairment that is restricted to the homolateral hand and perioral area. An unusual clinical presentation with bilateral perioral involvement has also been described. Most of the responsible lesions involved the paramedian pontine tegmentum; thalamic involvement is extremely rare. We report herein a patient who presented with purely sensory symptoms involving the bilateral perioral regions and the distal thumb and index finger of the left hand following a small infarction in the right lateral thalamus.
Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Infarction ; Thalamus ; Thumb

Modern capacity for high-resolution brain imaging has facilitated studying the clinicoanatomic correlations of small lesions in subcortical nuclear structures. Several recent reports have convincingly demonstrated that there were particular clinical syndromes associated with specific distributions of thalamic lesions. Thalamic dysfunction due to diveres casues, particularily in the left side has been associated with memory impairment, speech disturbance, cognitive deficits, and behavioural changes. Simplified bedside behavioral examinations were performed in six patients with the left tuberothalamic infarcts. We found severe neuropsychological deficits considered as dementia meeting the DSM III criteria, leaving few focal motor and sensory deficits. The disturbance of attention, speech, cognition and behavior after the left tuberothalamic infarcts are probably related not only to intrinsic thalamic dysfunction itself, but also to the disruption of the regular function of motor, sensory, and integrative cortical stuctures connecting with the thalamus.
Cognition ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Memory ; Neuroimaging ; Thalamus

Astrocytoma in the thalamus in not so frequent in incidence (1%). Moreover, bilateral thalamic tumor is rare. Certain tumors of the thalamus are considered resectable but most of thalamic tumors are thought to be untouchable. Bilateral thalamic astrocytoma with hydrocephalus was diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was done with result of improvement. We report a case of astrocytoma in the bilateral thalamus with literature review.
Astrocytoma* ; Biopsy ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Thalamus* ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

The thalamic vascular supply is categorized into the anterior, paramedian, inferolateral, and posterior territories. The artery of Percheron (AOP), a solitary trunk that is an uncommon anatomic variant, provides bilateral arterial supply to the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain. Occlusion of this artery results in bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions. The case described herein is of a patient with AOP who presented with the sudden onset of lethargy.
Arteries ; Humans ; Infarction ; Lethargy ; Mesencephalon ; Thalamus