As one of the most serious types of psoriasis, pathogenesis of erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is unclear so far. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and T-lymphocyte clone in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from EP patients, and gene expression level of T-bet/GATA-3 in skin lesion. The potential role of Th1/Th2 reaction pattern played in the pathogenesis of EP was also discussed. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA among 16 EP patients, 20 psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients and 15 healthy controls. The expression levels of T-bet/GATA-3 in the skin lesion and PBMCs were examined by real-time qPCR. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in EP patients than in the healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were 69.44±11.45 and 12.62±4.57 pg/mL, respectively, in EP patients, significantly higher than those in PV patients and healthy controls (P<0.05). Flow cytometry revealed the levels of both Th1 and Th2 in PBMCs from EP patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was dramatically lower than in PV patients (P<0.01). The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and T-bet/GATA-3 in EP patients were both less than 1.0, suggesting a reversal when compared with the other two groups. Our study indicated that the EP patients exerted a Th1/Th2 bidirectional response pattern, and the balance of Th cell subsets inclines to Th2, which might be one of the important mechanisms of EP pathogenesis.
Adult ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Psoriasis ; immunology ; pathology ; Skin ; immunology ; pathology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore possible correlations between renal Th1/Th2 ratio and renal microvascular injury in children with Henoch-Sch-nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN).

METHODSThirty-two children with HSPN were enrolled. They were classified into four groups by renal pathology: HSPN class II (n=8), HSPN class IIIa (n=7), HSPN class IIIb (n=10) and HSPN class IV/V (n=7). Five patients undergoing nephrectomy due to trauma were used as the controls. INFγ, IL-4 and CD34 in the renal tissues were measured by immunohistochemical analysis. INFγ was used as a marker of Th1, IL-4 was used as a marker of Th2 and CD34 was used as a marker of microvessel. The renal microvessel density was evaluated according to the Weidner standard. The relationships among the local Th1/Th2 ratio, renal pathological grade, microvessel score and microvessel density were studied.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical analysis showed a lower expression of INFγ and a higher expression of IL-4 in the HSPN groups than in the control group. The local Th1/Th2 ratio in the HSPN groups decreased and correlated significantly with the renal pathological grade. There were significant differences among four HSPN subgroups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the renal microvessel density in the HSPN class II and class IIIa groups increased significantly (P<0.05), but it decreased in the HSPN class IV/V group (P<0.05). The renal microvessel scores in the HSPN class IIIa, class IIIb and class IV/V groups increased significantly compared with those in the control and the HSPN classⅡ. The increased renal microvessel scores were associated with more severe renal pathological changes. A negative correlation was found between the local Th1/Th2 ratio and the microvessel density in kidneys (r=-0.921, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe decrease of Th1/Th2 ratio in kidneys might be responsible for renal microvascular injury in children with HSPN.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; blood supply ; pathology ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Nephritis ; immunology ; pathology ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; immunology ; pathology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between the Th1/Th2 balance in the peripheral blood and Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PDS) in chronic gastritis (CG).

METHODSFifty-one patients with CG of PDS were recruited, including 22 cases with predominant damp (PDS-D), 9 case with predominant heat (PDS-H), and 20 case with simultaneous onset of damp and Heat (PDS-DH). Besides, 10 healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group. H. pylori (HP) infection was detected by fast urea enzyme, and the expressions of Th1 type cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and Th2 type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum were detected by luminex technology.

RESULTSThe HP infection rate was 41.18% (21/51) in the PDS patients, obviously higher than that in the healthy control group (10.00%,1/10), showing statistical difference (P<0.05). The HP infection rate was 45.45% (10/22) in PDS-D, 22.22% (2/9) in PDS-H, and 45.00% (9/20) in PDS-DH. The HP infection rate in PDS-D and PDS-DH was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group, showing statistical difference (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the expressions of peripheral blood IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 between the PDS patient group and the healthy control group (P>0.05). But the expressions of IFN-gamma and IL-12 showed an increasing trend in the PDS patient group, while the expression of IL-4 showed a decreasing trend. The expressions of IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, and the ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 and IL-12/IL-4 were also higher in PDS-DH group than in the PDS-D group and the PDS-H group, but with no statistical significance (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of Pi-Wei damp-heat CG was possibly correlated with the imbalance of Th1/Th2. Damp and heat pathogen might be important pathogenic factors leading to Th1 type cytokine immunoreaction.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Gastritis ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Helicobacter Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th1-Th2 Balance ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between Chinese medical syndrome types of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and Th1/Th2.

METHODSTotally 60 BAC patients were syndrome typed as qi and yin deficiency syndrome (QYDS) and qi stagnation and phlegm-blood stasis syndrome (QSPSS), 30 cases in each group. Meanwhile, 30 subjects with benign pulmonary nodules were recruited as the control group. The contents of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-2, and IL-5 were detected using thoracoscopic technique.

RESULTSAs for Th1 (INF-gamma and IL-2), it was ranked from high to low as the control group > the QSPSS group > the QYDS group (P < 0.05). As for Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5), it was ranked from high to low as the QYDS group > the QSPSS group >the control group (P < 0.05). As for Th1/Th2 (INF-gamma/lL-4, IL-2/IL-5), it was ranked from high to low as the control group > the QSPSS group >the QYDS group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the tissue of benign nodules, Th1 function in tumor tissue of BAC patients was weaker and Th2 function stronger. Chinese medical syndrome types of BAC had correlation with Th1/Th2. Patients of excess syndrome had stronger immunity with Th1/Th2 shifting left,while those of deficiency syndrome were predispose to humoral immunity with Thl/Th2 shifting right.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th1-Th2 Balance ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th17 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Adult ; Aged ; Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; pathology ; Th1 Cells ; pathology ; Th2 Cells ; pathology

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease with unknown aetiology. T helper cells appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP. We investigated the possible role of T helper cells, Th1 and Th17, in the lesions and circulation of patients with OLP. Forty patients with OLP and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to detect Th1 and Th17 cells in the OLP lesions, and intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry to evaluate the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in peripheral blood. The levels of serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 were assessed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that Th17 cells, as well as Th1 cells, were present in OLP lesions. The proportion of peripheral Th1 and Th17 cells was significantly increased in patients with OLP. The proportion of Th17 cells in atrophic-erosive OLP was elevated as compared with that in reticular OLP. Serum IL-17 levels in OLP patients were significantly higher than in controls, and those in the atrophic-erosive OLP group were increased as compared with the reticular OLP group. However, the levels of serum IFN-γ were slightly decreased in OLP patients. Our data suggested that Th1 and Th17 cells in the local lesions and peripheral blood may be associated with the pathogenesis of OLP, and that IL-17 may be an important proinflammatory cytokine in OLP. These findings enhance our understanding of OLP pathogenesis.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-17 ; immunology ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th17 Cells ; immunology

The pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases has been considered to be related to abnormal differentiation of T cell subsets. This study was aimed at investigating the change of Th1-like and Th2-like cells balance in ITP children, and analyzing the role of T cell subsets disequilibrium in the pathogenesis of ITP. Peripheral blood T cells were collected from 30 ITP patients, the T-cells were isolated and purified. The ratios of Th/Tc, Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 in peripheral blood T cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and bicolor flow cytometry (FCM) in vitro. The results showed that as compared with the ratios of Th1/Th2 (48.76% +/- 6.17%) and Tc1/Tc2 (18.90% +/- 4.12%) in healthy children, the ratios of Th1/Th2 (56.21% +/- 5.95%) and Tc1/Tc2 (23.09% +/- 3.31%) in ITP children increased obviously. FCM analysis revealed that average percentages of Th, Th1, Th2, Tc, Tc1 and Tc2 were 22.31% +/- 6.51%, 21.92% +/- 6.42%, 0.39% +/- 0.14%, 31.12% +/- 6.15%, 30.95% +/- 5.45% and 1.34% +/- 0.84% in ITP children versus 39.24% +/- 5.82%, 39.01% +/- 5.47%, 0.80% +/- 0.16%, 30.25% +/- 5.63%, 28.72% +/- 5.20% and 1.52% +/- 0.68% in healthy children. The average percentages of Th, Th1 and Th2 decreased obviously, while the average percentages of Tc, Tc1 and Tc2 did not change. It is concluded that the ratios of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 in peripheral blood T cells increase obviously in ITP children and the cellular immunity in ITP children shifts to Th1 type immunity superiority, which suggest that the abnormal differentiation of T cell subsets may play an important role in the pathologic process of ITP.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; chemistry ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of Th17 cells in early onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and its mechanism.

METHODSMice aGVHD model was established by irradiated BABL/c mice inoculated with mixed suspension of C57BL/6 bone marrow cells and splenocytes. The mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) normal control, (2) irradiated group, (3) allo-BMT + DMSO group, (4) allo-BMT + halofuginone (HF) group. HF was given intraperitoneally at 5 µg per mouse from -1 d to +10 d after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT).Mice aGVHD symptoms and survival were observed. Th1/Th17 cells ratio was evaluated by flow cytometry.

RESULTSAll the experimental groups (3) and (4) developed aGVHD after transplantation. More severe aGVHD was observed in group (4) than in group (3). HF prevented cutaneous aGVHD in all the mice, but augmented hepatic and small intestine GVHD. The percentage of Th17 cells and the ratio of Th1/Th17 were significantly higher while the percentage of Th1 cells was significantly lower in group (4) at day +6 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEarly blockage of Th17 cell results in increase of Th1 cell percentage, which exacerbates aGVHD.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Th1 Cells ; cytology ; Th17 Cells ; cytology ; Transplantation, Homologous

Adult ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Liver Failure ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Th1 Cells ; metabolism