To evaluate clinical courses at teaching hospitals outside of Osaka City University Hospital, we used a questionnaire to ask instructors and sixth-year students about practical problems immediately after the end of the semester. This course was conducted for 7 weeks during the first semester at 24 hospitals and for 5 weeks during the second semester at 23 hospitals. In each semester about 40% of clinical practice at teaching hospitals was done in the style of clinical clerkships. About 90% of students were mostly or completely satisfied with their instructors and hospitals. Furthermore, about 70% of instructors felt more or less fulfilled by working with students and about 60% of them felt working with students was rewarding. More than 95% of instructors would be willing to teach medical students again. In conclusion, most instructors and students felt that clinical courses at teaching hospitals outside of Osaka City University Hospital were conducted without problems.

A program for early-exposure of first-year medical students to nursing and patient care was started at Osaka City University in 1994. Eighty students completed the program in the 2002 academic year. To improve methods of teaching and evaluation, we analyzed the responses of students and nursing instructors to questionnaires about satisfaction with the program after each practice session. Students were randomized to four settings (university hospital, general hospital, general emergency hospital, and general geriatric hospital). Responses of students and instructors did not differ between settings suggest that early exposure was uniform. Medical students gave higher scores for interest in and significance of early exposure, although nursing instructors did not. The success of the program of early exposure of medical students to nursing care will be used to further improve the curriculum.

Since 1999 all sixth-year students at Osaka City University Medical School have done clinical clerkships at teaching hospitals outside the university. Students can choose overseas or domestic hospitals. By the end of the 2002 academic year 32 students had done clerkships in 7 foreign countries. Arrangements for participating in overseas clerkships differ in many ways from those for domestic clerkships, as students must get information about hospitals and complete application forms in English. Because most medical students feel that making such arrangements is difficult and complex, in 2000 students established a volunteer organization that helps students to study abroad. To make the best use of this organization, Osaka City University Medical School has established several guidelines, including setting standards for students and criteria for choosing overseas hospitals. We report on some problems encountered by our school and on measures for dealing with them and report on the student-managed support organization for overseas clinical clerkships.

Patients with dyspepsia/functional dyspepsia (FD) show frequent overlapping of other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and non-GI diseases, in addition to internal subgroup overlapping. These overlap patients have more frequent or more severe symptoms, poorer health-related quality of life and higher somatization scores, and they are more likely to experience anxiety, depression or insomnia compared to non-overlap patients. The higher prevalence of overlap in patients with dyspepsia/FD is not by chance, indicating common pathogeneses, including visceral hypersensitivity, altered GI motility, infection, and stressful early life events. There are few clinical trials targeting overlap in patients with dyspepsia/FD, and no therapeutic strategy has been established. Further studies in this research area are needed. In this review, we describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of overlap in patients with dyspepsia/FD.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Dyspepsia* ; Epidemiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the entire gastrointestinal tract but is most frequently localized to the large and small bowel. Small bowel endoscopy helps with the differential diagnosis of CD in suspected CD patients. Early diagnosis of CD is preferable for suspected CD conditions to improve chronic inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis. Small bowel endoscopy can help with the early detection of active disease, thus leading to early therapy before the onset of clinical symptoms of established CD. Some patients with CD have mucosal inflammatory changes not in the terminal ileum but in the proximal small bowel. Conventional ileocolonoscopy cannot detect ileal involvement proximal to the terminal ileum. Small bowel endoscopy, however, can be useful for evaluating these small bowel involvements in patients with CD. Small bowel endoscopy by endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) enables the treatment of small bowel strictures in patients with CD. However, many practical issues still need to be addressed, such as endoscopic findings for early detection of CD, application compared with other imaging modalities, determination of the appropriate interval for endoscopic surveillance of small bowel lesions in patients with CD, and long-term prognosis after EBD.
Capsule Endoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Fibrosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Ileum ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Prognosis ; Secondary Prevention